zeynab zarei

The rapid growth of communication, IT and change in the lifestyle of urban dwellers with their increasing presence in the virtual space on the one hand and the significant increase in the process of urbanization and migration on the other hand have caused, creating a high population density in cities and so the necessity of managing and providing urban services based on technological tools & Information is more visible than before. In the meantime, some countries have made the development of cities and the electronicization of urban services dependent on conduct of special studies through policy and planning, from the results of which projects are extracted, which are known today as projects to create smart cities. Therefore, the aim of this research is to draw the future space of cities for the country's policy makers and planners and to confront them with the uncertainties that they will face in the future, and with a strategic view of this issue, while identifying the actors and drivers related to the creation and development of smart cities in The country has drawn the future space of these cities in the horizon of 1420. This research is of a qualitative type and in it, with the help of 19experts, during the holding of expert panels, the Peter Schwartz method was used for scenario development and four plausible scenarios were presented. Also, at the end of the research, suggestions are made to reach the desired scenario that can make the path to desired future smoother.

The practice of breastfeeding among mothers is affected by their knowledge of, and attitude to, it. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of intervention, using the transtheoretical model (TTM), on the knowledge, attitude and practice of exclusive breastfeeding among pregnant women in the third trimester referred to Golestan University of Medical Sciences in hospitals in 2021.

This quasi-experimental intervention was conducted on 120 pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy randomly assigned to an intervention (n = 60) or a control (n = 60) group using the permuted block randomization. The data collection tools were a two-part questionnaire to collect data on demographic and obstetric characteristics and a researcher-made questionnaire based on the TTM. Due to the coronavirus Epidemic the education was conducted partly face-to face in five 30-minute sessions three times a week observing the health protocols and partly virtually via WhatsApp and Telegram messenger (audio file, video tutorial, electronic pamphlets and posters). The data collected one and six months after the intervention were analyzed using the SPSS software version 16, the tests being descriptive and inferential tests.

The mean scores of knowledge, attitude, practice and the TTM constructs were not statistically significant between the intervention and control groups before the education intervention. One and six months after the intervention the mean scores of knowledge, attitude and practice and the TTM constructs, as well as perceived barriers and benefits in decision-making and self-efficacy were found to be significantly different between the intervention and control groups (p< 0.001).

Based on the findings it seems that breastfeeding education of pregnant women based on the transtheoretical model can improve their knowledge, attitude and practice as regards exclusive breastfeeding.

Climate change is one of the 15 challenges of the next millennium in the world and affects sustainable development and one of the seven main challenges of Iran. The biggest environmental threat today is global warming and climate change. The effects of climate change led to water and food shortages, disease, unemployment and migration, poverty, resource tensions and instability in Iran and the world. Since climate change is a global change and a creeping phenomenon and given that the whole planet is involved and its effects are not tangible due to gradual, we will have problems in the long run if no strategic action is taken to deal with its effects. In this qualitative study, by examining the major trends affecting the path of sustainable development and counting the drivers and assuming the four global scenarios of 2040 climate change, the JRC, the European Commission Science and Knowledge Service in 2021 to develop climate change scenarios. And the future of sustainable development in Iran on the horizon of 2040 as: 1. Scenario 1: Dream Iran; 2. Scenario 2: Iran on the way to sustainability; 3. Scenario 3: Unstable Iran; 4. Scenario 4: Iran in difficult conditions

Children with cleft lip and palate have a wide range of emotional and social problems and low self-esteem from birth these problems affect the childchr('39')s mental function.

The aim of this study was to assessment the psychological and social status of children with cleft lip and palate referred to orthodontic research center in Shiraz.

This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 60 children with cleft lip and palate referred to Shiraz Orthodontic Research Center in 2018. Samples were selected easily and non-randomly from those referred to the Orthodontic Research Center. Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire Which evaluates childrenchr('39')s problems and abilities; Completed by parents. Finally, data analysis was performed with SPSS software version 21. Descriptive indices (central and dispersion) and one-way analysis of variance were used to analyze the data.

The mean total score of problems (Hyperactivity and behavioral problems, emotional symptoms, altruistic behavior) of children with cleft lip and palate was 7.61± 1.50; Which was average in mental health. All indicators of ability and problems are significant difference between the groups of cleft palate, cleft lip and cleft palate (P<0.001).

Early evaluations and timely intervention in cleft lip and palate children increase families awareness of the rehabilitation process.