جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "اچ ای وی" در نشریات گروه "علوم انسانی"

HIV is a newly emerging disease that is unique in human history due to its rapid spread and severity of its effect, and has caused irreparable social and economic challenges to the sufferers as well as the society. Based on this, this research was conducted to study the social challenges experienced by patients with HIV. The research method is qualitative and phenomenological. The statistical population includes 140 people with HIV from positive club in Tabriz, based on the purposeful sampling method and theoretical saturation, 16 people with HIV were selected for interview. In this research, semi-structured interview technique was used to collect information. Concepts and categories obtained from the interviews showed that HIV sufferers in different ways such as; Injection, marriage with infected people who had denied their illness from the other party during marriage, or were infected through their parents, who are considered a kind of victim. In the field of treatment, some sufferers mentioned that, except for the medical staff of the Center for Behavioral Diseases, some doctors misbehave with patients due to lack of knowledge in this field or reject them in some way, and according to the rejection of the sufferers On the part of ordinary people and medical staff, due to ignorance about HIV and how it is transmitted, sufferers deny their illness, which leads to depression and isolation of patients, and according to the labels given to sufferers, they equate HIV with They know death and seek suicide.

AIDS is one of the most important problems in health area which human efforts to find an effective treatment for it has not yet come to a fruition. The increase in the number of HIV positive patients across the world, , justifies the attention paid to this disease and its representation in mass media. Disease portrayal has been found to be associated with attitudes towards specific diseases, feelings about the person with the disease, as well as what needs to be done about the disease. Therefore, three medical dramas including “the shadow of loneliness”, “casualty” and “all saints” in the research were analyzed to know how HIV/AIDS is represented in mass media. Semiology and discourse analysis were used as methodology and twelve scenes were analyzed in general. “Scene” is the unit of analysis in this research. The findings suggest that in each of these TV series the emphasis is upon a certain way of infection and other disease dimensions including disease development course, prevention, treatment and in general biomedical dimension are ignored. Whereas, the ethical and religious dimension of prevention, with emphasis on ethics, social support, especially family support and encouragement in fighting the disease are under stressed.

Humiliation as social, multifaceted, dynamic, and relational affects the individual social relationships and interactions. The extent and extent of these changes in the humiliating person is different in relation to his position and the subject of contempt. The present study aimed to investigate the experience of Humiliation in women with HIV/AIDS. Regarding the low status of women in the investigated groups and the hot stigma associated, this study is a step towards awareness of a multifaceted and less well-known social phenomenon. The research methodology used qualitative and research community of women with HIV/AIDS in Tehran province. Among the community, three clubs were positive and from among the clubs, 21 were available with the maximum variety, informed consent and ethics of confidentiality. The time of collecting the information in winter and spring of 2017-2018, the instrument of compilation was semi-structured interview and The method of information analysis has been "thematic analysis." The most important issues are "Humiliation for non-existentialism", "humiliation caused by a lack of value", "spiral of femininity", "AIDS and humiliation", "fear of Humiliation" and "acceptance of humiliation". Based on the findings, it can be said that HIV/AIDS in the cross-section with the sexes is an addictive and inferiority to the affected women. This situation is at the heart of the lives of affected women and affects their everyday experiences.

In the last two decades, with the discovery and development of HIV / AIDS control drugs, it has become possible to transform it from a deadly and uncontrollable illness to a chronic controlled illness . The emergence of such a situation, along with the social stigma and the complex dimensions of the illness, makes the issue of patients' strategies for life management of particular importance.Examined the illness in a sample of 31 people. The research population was people living with HIV/‌AIDS in Tehran who were selected through behavioral illness counseling centers and purposeful sampling in the 2019-2020 years. The study method was qualitative and with semi-structured interview tools, the collected information was analyzed by three-step coding in a thematic (thematic) manner. Based on the research findings, patients use five strategies to manage life after illness: disclosure management, relationship management, participation in the illness , self-empowerment and recourse to religion. These strategies are abstracted from 11 subcategories and 30 concepts. Based on the findings, AIDS prevention, providing a platform for patients to participate and provide the necessary support can help them in the optimal management of life after the illness and at the same time help them in voluntary activities related to the illness.

The purpose of this study was to design a curriculum on HIV / AIDS prevention education for the secondary school health educators in the Iran. Taxonomy model of exploratory sequential mixed method was used for this study in which qualitative and quantitative stages done by case study method and descriptive-survey method respectively. Potential participants in qualititative section were 10 health professionals from Universities of Medical Sciences; and those in quanitative section were health education professionals in all medical sciences universities.In the qualitative section, a sampling approach and focus groups and a saturation criterion were used and in the quantitative section, 30 experts were selected and studied using focuse groups and criterion technique. In order to validate the results, reliability through data matching used in the qualitative and data analysis method used in the quantitative section. The analysis methods in the qualitative and quantitative sections were thematic analysis using the N-vivo 8.8 software and inferential statistics respectively. The results of the qualitative section of the study were 3 organizer contents in the form of the goals, content, and educational materials; and 44 basic themes and comprehensive them of HIV / AIDS prevention curriculum for secondary school health educators. The results showed that the HIV / AIDS prevention education curriculum is valid but three elements of goals(mean 1.66 and 1.74), content(mean 2.12 and 2.17), and teaching-learning methods(mean 2.12 and 2.79) were lower than the mean (3). Have been evaluated and therefore have little Impelement and usefulness.

Evaluations indicate low levels of quality of life in people with HIV. Can Acceptance and Commitment Therapy improve quality of life for these patients?

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of group therapy based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on enhancing quality of life in people with HIV.

The research method was experimental with pretest -posttest with control group and follow up design. The statistical population included 42 men with HIV in Alborz province who were volunteered to participate in this project in spring 98. Twenty patients were selected by random sampling and were divided into intervention and control groups (n=10 each). The intervention group participated in 12 weekly intervention sessions. The sessions were based on the Einberg (2016) Package. The McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire (Cohen et al, 1995) was administered in two groups. Mixed ANOVA was performed to evaluate the results.

The results showed that the effect of group therapy based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on increasing quality of life (p= 0/029) was significant. The results were also significant in the physical (p= 0/024) and psychological (p= 0/007) subscales. But in the subscales of general attitude (p= 0/12), existential (p= 0/067) and support (p= 0/055) was not significant.

As a result, using group therapy based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy can improve the quality of life in people with HIV.

The aim of this study was to construct test stardization was the ability to prevent HIV. The applied research method was a combination of descriptive-developmental type. The statistical population of this research includes prostitutes of Tehran in 2017. Using the Cochran formula for unlimited communities، 380 people have been selected as examples. The statistical sample was selected using non-rom sampling from the second half of May 2017 to the second half of June. Based on qualitative quantitative research، the developed tool included 27 indicators for evaluating 3 components. Test questions were prepared based on theoretical literature. The researcher-made HIV prevention ability test has been compiled from three sections (awareness، attitude rejection); Its content validity was confirmed by the professors then performed on the statistical sample. The questions were analyzed using the appropriate statistical method the validity، reliability، scores of the norm were determined. According to the calculations، the internal consistency coefficient of subscales of knowledge، rejection attitude was 0.91، 0.93 0.89 respectively، the total score of the test was the ability to prevent HIV by 0.89. To determine the construct validity the components of the test، the main component analysis with varimax rotation was used. Confirmatory factor analysis was also used to determine factor validity. Confirmatory factor analysis confirms that the structure of the questionnaire has an acceptable fit with the data confirms all the indicators of fitting goodness. Raw scores were converted to the normalized scores Z T. Independent T-test showed that there is no significant difference between the mean scores of male female prostitutes in the ability to prevent HIV. To assess coherence، AIDS literacy was used. According to the reliability validity of the findings، the HIV prevention ability test is a tool that can be used by counseling centers in relation to HIV.

Risk behaviors are more common in HIV-positive population than general population and are affected by various factors such as biological factors, lifestyle, family functioning and etc.. The aim of this research is to investigate how family functioning leads to risk behaviors in this population.
This research was conducted on 147 HIV-positive individuals and we used convenience sampling for data gathering. Sample size was chosen based on the questionnaire's subscales. We used Risk Behaviors Scale (RBS), FACESS, HPLP and balloon analogue risk test (BART), to assess risky decision making. The data were analyzed using Lisrel software and structural equation modeling method.
Findings: Findings suggests that there is a negative and meaningful relationship between family functioning and risk behaviors and un-direct effects were found because of two mediator factors of lifestyle and risky decision making.
Whatever family functioning becomes ameliorated, lifestyle improves and risky decision making declines and the possibility of risk behaviors will be reduced. Targeting family factors can be helpful to the interventions designed to reduce risk behaviors of HIV infected individuals.

Memory impairments are common amongst people living with HIV and have devastating effects on their life. In the present study we aimed to investigate whether prospective memory impairment play the mediator role between the CD4 level and quality of life amongst people living with HIV. A number of 161 individuals recruited for this purpose. We conducted Prospective-Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ), The Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), respectively, to assess prospective memory, quality of life and everyday functioning. We also used Flow Cytometry test to assess their CD4 level. We used structural equation modeling to analyze the data and Lisrel 8.8 software were used. The results showed that prospective memory impairment have a crucial effect on the quality of life and everyday functioning of people living with HIV. Future research must focus more deeply on the prospective memory impairment effects on the quality of life and everyday functioning of people living with HIV

During the recent decades, Afghanistan has been one of most important drug producers worldwide. Hence, afghan narcotic problem and its effects on various dimensions are one of the concerns of Afghanistan peripheral countries including the Russian Federation. Russia in the new millennium has sustained a growth in the amount of drug consumption and the number of drug users. Regarding Russia’s “National Security Strategy to 2020” document, this paper attempts to answer the question that “How the impacts of Afghan narcotic on Russia’s national security” can be analyzed? The results assert that Russia and Western Europe are the first targets of Afghan narcotics that value at more than 2.5 million addicts, and 68 percent of them are Heroin users. The spread of HIV/ AIDS through injection drug users (IDUs) incurs staging expenses on economy and security of this country. Furthermore drug poses a threat on the national and human security of Russian Federation, health care, environment and good governance which except the latter one, are all included in Russia’s National Security Strategy.

The purpose of this study is investigating on the role of spirituality and awareness and attitude towards disease in the feeling of suffering in patients with AIDS/HIV. In this descriptive cross-sectional study، 43 patients had selected of all patients with AIDS/HIV in cities of Zahedan، Iranshahr and Saravan in Sistan&Baluchestan province، by available sampling. The variables were measured by using the Spirituality Questionnaire and Scale of Experience and Perception of Suffering and Questionnaire Awareness and Attitudes towards Disease. Data were analyzed by using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Stepwise multiple regression. Results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between physical suffering and attitudes towards disease. Psychological suffering has a negative significant relationship with spirituality and has a positive significant with attitude towards disease. Spiritual/existential suffering has a positive significant relationship with spirituality، and a negative significant relationship with attitudes towards disease. The results of stepwise regression showed that psychological suffering is predicted by attitudes towards disease. Also self-awareness and attitudes towards disease is significant predictorfor spiritual/existential suffering. According to these results، it can be deduced that spirituality and attitudes towards disease have impact on feeling of suffering in patients with AIDS/HIV. Also spirituality and positive attitudes towards disease as coping styles can be used to reduce feelings of suffering in patients with AIDS/HIV.

The present study aims at analyzing social process and consequences of labeling concerning patients with HIV/AIDS in Mashhad in the year of 2009. The qualitative method and case study technique (life history) were used. The subjects were all HIV-infected patients of a behavioral health center in Mashhad. There were all selected based on the types of risk analysis, that is the mode of exposure to the disease. The data were gathered using deep and semi-focused interviews. The results ultimately proved the stigma of violation of patient's human rights and non-compliance to treatment procedure. In line with other studies, inside and outside Iran, findings of this research show that stigma HIV/AIDS has both personal and public dimensions. In addition to the patient, others who are in contact with the patient may react to the disease. These reactions help the patient form some personal interpretations that can pose him/her challenges regarding one's self-concept and in establishing relationships with others. The researchers conclude that stigmas are rooted in the beliefs, perceptions and stereotypes; therefore they can affect individual's as well as community's health.