جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "اینترنت اشیا" در نشریات گروه "علوم انسانی"

The development of internet of things and complementary technologies such as artificial intelligence in various fields such as health, smart home and… is widely used. The development of smart places using the technology of smart houses based on the internet of things uses communication platforms and programmable sensors in order to make intelligent and integrate different parts of a building and its aim is reducing energy consumption, effective use of resources, high security and a comfortable lifestyle. This important thing, along with creating many benefits, for various reasons such as password vulnerabilities, failure to update devices, poor configuration of software and communication layers, weak protocols and so on, always leads to an increase in the threats of internet of things systems. In this research, considering the mentioned security problems, especially in armed forces locations, what is the answer to the question of the security evaluation framework of internet of things in smart locations of the armed forces? It was investigated and analyzed by using the mapping of international valid standards and frameworks and expert theory. The survey results show that respectively, the components of weak passwords (91.2%), insecure network services (89.3%), insufficient privacy protection (88.1%), lack of secure update mechanisms (87%), insecure data transfer and storage (86.3%), lack of device management (83.9%), and insecure ecosystem interfaces (79.3%) are prioritized in the security assessment of the armed forces' smart locations.

The Internet of Things is an extensive network of physical objects such as devices, machines, buildings, and other tools in which sensors, network connections, and software are embedded as a small system. The method of clustering things is one of the efficient methods to reduce energy consumption in the data transfer phase in the Internet of Things. In clustering, each cluster has a node called the cluster head, which is responsible for coordinating network operations and collecting data from sensor nodes. The most important objective of this study is to improve the amount of energy consumption in the data transfer cycle. Most of the communication and computing tasks should be completed within a limited period to avoid unfavorable consequences since IoT applications are very time-sensitive and critical. Thus, ensuring real-time support in large-scale IoT networks is one of the most important and challenging research issues.

PSO, CPSO, and FCPSO algorithms were used in this study. Finally, the FCPSO algorithm was formulated using the theory of fractional order derivatives. MATLAB was used to simulate and evaluate IoT information security and PSO, CPSO, and FCPSO in smart buildings. Also, the results of the proposed method were compared with similar methods. Several parameters are affected. The values of these parameters strongly depend on the convergence improvement. In this study, the following parameters are considered when transferring data to the center or between things:-Etx and Erx: energy used to transfer and receive data, respectively, in the nodes.-Dij: distance between node i and node j.-Eelec: energy available in each node.-Fij: data transfer rate between two nodes.-CS, CR, and CB: base station node cost, sensor node cost, and reinforcing node cost, respectively.All simulations were performed in the Windows 10 operating system using quad-core 2.5 GHz processors, working frequency 2, and a memory capacity of 8 GB. The simulation was done in MATLAB 2020 software. Ten bench test functions were used to examine the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

In the scenario where the FCPSO method is used for information transfer, the energy consumption can be reduced by using the FCPSO method for optimization. The second test method uses the same described method to evaluate Etx and Erx parameters. These two parameters can be viewed as a single parameter whose value can be set arbitrarily for each thing. The FCPSO method performs better than the standard transfer mode in this test condition.In this measurement, the amount of memory consumption (in megabytes) to complete authentication requests in smart buildings based on the Internet of Things has been investigated and compared based on the number of sent packages. The results indicate that the third method has the lowest memory consumption for more packets, while the proposed method could reduce the memory consumption for a high number of packets.In the second test, the amount of energy required to transfer data from the source to the destination is evaluated. The number of data packets increased in each successive step. Results shows that the proposed method uses less energy than comparable methods.The accuracy criterion shows how well the proposed technique can accurately display the identity in smart buildings based on the Internet of Things. Results compares the accuracy rate of the proposed technique for 188 unique identity effects with the accuracy of the second and third methods for different packets.The simulation results indicate that the proposed method is more accurate than the second and third methods for identifying distinct packets in IoT-based smart buildings.

In this study, a model based on the cycle and transfer of information to the base station and between items was used for energy consumption and the Internet of Things network. The most crucial challenges in IoT routing are the energy consumption of each node, comparability, error tolerance, and network dynamics. It is necessary to evaluate the quality of a node using appropriate criteria for effective communication and information transfer. In this study, the energy used to transfer and receive data in nodes, the energy available in each node, the distance between two nodes, and the data transfer rate between two nodes were evaluated. Given the objective of this study, which is to optimize energy consumption in the Internet of Things, the FCPSO algorithm was used to reduce energy consumption during information transfer. Using the FCPSO algorithm to reduce energy consumption in the Internet of Things is possible due to the capability of the algorithm to optimize the problem by considering the number of parameters that can significantly affect the performance of the problem, which is the goal of many optimization problems. The simulation results revealed that using the FCPSO method improves and reduces energy consumption during the program execution and information transfer cycle. The most important limitation of this study is that there is not enough data to build an optimal model. Thus, the possibility for model non-convergence increases. Another crucial issue in this regard is the degree of computational complexity that new data transfer models require.
 
 

The advancement of new technologies promises the emergence of possibilities to monitor the situation at a high speed, which, contrary to the traditional view, technology can be important for improving the global environmental situation. The environmental situation of the world, which is considered a big crisis for all the inhabitants of the planet today, needs accurate and effective management. The efforts of international organizations and governments in the formation of environmental agreements have increased after the Cold War, but the global environmental situation has not been removed from the crisis. Among these agreements, it can be said that the Paris Agreement is one of the most serious and important legal documents in the field of environmental protection and climate change. The concern of this research begins with the question of whether it is possible to use new technologies such as the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence to control and improve the state of the environment, specifically the implementation of the Paris Agreement? In this research, the state of the global environment, the requirements of the Paris Agreement and the application of the new technology of the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence in the field of the environment have been studied with a descriptive and analytical method. The results show that these technologies are directly effective in reducing greenhouse gases by controlling the consumption of industries, transportation, energy, forced home automation, agriculture and animal husbandry, and social and international pressure can be applied to the offending projects by publicizing their information.

The presence of plants around us has many benefits, including reducing stress and creating positive energy in the work environment. But in the current worrying situation that has involved all people and organizations, it has become difficult to pay attention to the environment and the conditions of their maintenance and handling. On the other hand, maintaining plants and determining the optimal conditions for their maintenance requires a lot of time, money and knowledge. The Internet of Things creates a digital identity for all objects and collects information with its sensors and shares this information with appropriate objects and people at any time and place so that necessary actions can be taken; Therefore, the use of Internet of Things in the green library can solve the problem of people's time and knowledge in maintaining and creating a green and fresh environment and be effective in its potential and actual mission. To identify the applications of Internet of Things for the growth and maintenance of plants in the green library. In this research, documentary and library methods were used to collect and complete information. In the research, the use of Internet of Things in the green library has been discussed to determine the various components of plants, and at the end, the advantages and challenges of the implementation of the Internet of Things in the green library have been pointed out. The Internet of Things actually provides the best conditions for plants, the least damage to the environment while causing the least damage to library resources and users, but still, its implementation has challenges such as cost, lack of sufficient knowledge, interference, reliability, security and privacy, and insufficient network coverage and low internet speed.

The Internet of Things is a connected network consisting of several nodes and provides tools for more convenient use of library services, which in addition to improving library processes, increases efficiency and improves library services. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify the advantages and challenges of Internet of Things in libraries and information centers in order to provide a coherent classification and perspective for the future research of Internet of Things in these centers using a systematic review technique.

The current research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of research, it is a qualitative study that was conducted using a systematic review technique. The method of conducting this research is that first the research problem was formulated and then the texts related to the purpose of the research were studied and then the search strategy was determined and then the data was extracted from Scopus and Weboscience databases. After retrieving 2335 documents from the two databases in question, the data were merged with each other and overlapping items were removed. Finally, the necessary components were identified from the 42 selected studies,

In this research, the advantages, challenges and type of technology used to use the Internet of Things in libraries and information centers were selected for the final analysis. According to the concepts obtained with the objectives of the research, each of them was categorized in a similar concept. Based on the findings, it was found that the advantages of Internet of Things in three categories, online service infrastructure including 8 concepts; Complex control infrastructure including 16 concepts, physical infrastructure including 7 concepts, and the challenges of using Internet of Things were placed in three categories of online service infrastructure including 7 concepts, complex control infrastructure including 8 concepts, physical infrastructure (building smartness) including 6 concepts, and technology RFID was the most widely used technology to implement the Internet of Things.

Internet of Things is one of the most appropriate technologies in the current era in providing services and controlling library systems due to its high capability in facilitating, controlling and high efficiency in services and work processes in libraries. But according to the results, the application of this technology is faced with challenges such as lack of sufficient equipment, financial and administrative costs, lack of expert staff to repair the equipment when it breaks down, lack of familiarity of librarians with this technology, and high costs for its maintenance. There is no doubt that the use of Internet of Things technology in libraries will create a better future for libraries, however, the degree of acceptance by libraries and the use of this technology in the library depends on the challenges faced by libraries in using How many libraries will welcome this technology. Therefore, the use of this technology in libraries requires reflection by the authorities in this regard. Therefore, the use of this technology in libraries requires reflection by the authorities in this regard.

With the emergence of various technologies such as blockchain, internet of things and big data, the approach and perspective to urban service management has changed. These technologies are part of the 4th generation industrial revolution, which are widely used in the creation of electronic services infrastructure, electronic city, and among other things, smart building. Considering the expansion of cities, the increase of urban population, the diversity of urban services and the emergence of new technologies, the development of urban services and its management requires more appropriate plans and models with new technologies in order to eliminate shortcomings. The main goal of this research is to provide a development model of urban services based on blockchain technology. To develop urban services by using the capabilities and effective capacities of blockchain. The type of method is developmental-applicative in terms of the goal, and the research method in this research is a combination of Delphi (qualitative) methods and structural equation modeling (quantitative), so in the first step of the research, data collection is used And information from library studies and surveying were done and in the next step, using the steps of the Delphi method, a semi-structured interview was used to confirm and explore the conceptual model, and in the third step, using the researcher's questionnaire. It is made from a survey of expert community and analyzed by structural equation modeling method using Smart PLS software. The findings of the research indicate that blockchain technology has a positive and significant impact on the development of city services, as well as environmental health services, recreational welfare services, protection and safety services, electronic education services, public transportation services and traffic are influential indicators. are in the development of urban services. The combined reliability of the model is more than 0.740 according to the correlation of the structures with each other

Smart cities are developed and built as interconnected urban domains where embedded elements can interact with each other and with the users residing in them. In building smart cities, Internet of Things has the potential to collect information about the urban environment, provide new services to citizens, facilitate their daily life and increase the ability to live in the city. In the current research, with the participation of managers, officials and academic experts, the key drivers affecting the smart city based on the Internet of Things have been identified and finally, the scenarios effective on the formation of the smart city based on the Internet of Things have been compiled. The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of research method. The method of collecting data and information was library, document and survey (interview). The review of scientific sources identified 26 factors affecting the smart city based on the Internet of Things, which were categorized into 6 dimensions, and a total of 25 people, including managers of related organizations and academic experts, were interviewed. Data analysis was based on prospective research technique; Including structure analysis, analysis of mutual effects based on Micmac and Scenario Wizard software. The results showed that there are 8 possible scenarios for the establishment of a smart city based on the Internet of Things, of which 1 scenario is in a strong and stable compatibility mode (zero incompatibility) and 7 scenarios are in a weak compatibility mode. The first scenario, which is a scenario with a positive direction, has an interaction effect score of 123 and a compatibility value of 2, while the second scenario, which seems to be unfavorable conditions for the future of the smart city based on the Internet of Things in Mashhad metropolis, has a total interaction effect score of -20 and the compatibility value is -1. The third scenario also has a compatibility value of -1 and with a total interaction effect score of 27, it can be one of the possible scenarios for the future of the smart city based on the Internet of Things in Mashhad metropolis.

 New technologies have profoundly changed the way people communicate and interact with their surroundings. These technologies affect every industry. Now, if according to the common definition, we define the supply chain as a set of interconnected activities that include coordination, planning and control of products and services between suppliers and customers. Looking at technological advances, we realize that these traditional structures are no longer self-sufficient, because digitalization has affected almost all aspects of human life, especially supply chain processes. The technologies of the fourth generation of industry represent the industrial revolution that has combined the Internet of Things with automatic systems such as artificial intelligence and its subset of machine learning, which are self-adjusting and self-learning. Such technological systems can change the supply chain from a centralized state to a distributed state, in fact, the deployment of these technologies provides distribution and decentralization for supply chains. The globalization of the economy and the increase in commercial competition have increased the importance of using innovative methods to achieve the goals of the supply chain. With the automation of processes, business activities have moved from manual operations to electronic transactions and all organizational processes have benefited from information and communication technologies. Considering that the design of most processes is at the disposal of centralized centers; There are always problems such as: poor efficiency, coordination at a low level and poor cooperation between the departments of a business unit, the emergence of distributed frameworks such as the blockchain platform and 4.0 generation technologies in addition to Organizations are helped in having complete transparency in transactions and cooperation with each other. They can share transactions on a peer-to-peer page. The purpose of research is to identify the components of the intelligent distributed supply chain and provide the structure of causal relationships for them, as well as the analysis of each of them in the framework of the presented structure. In the present research, codes and categories were first identified using the grounded method, and then the fuzzy cognitive mapping method was used to determine causal-effect relationships.In order to design the structure of the cause-effect relationships of the components of the intelligent distributed supply chain, it was extracted according to the fuzzy cognitive mapping method. Collective mapping was obtained by calculating the average of experts' opinions. According to its components, distributed decentralized supply chain can lead to improvement in information flows, promote healthcare and provide fair access to medical services. Also, assigning treatment priority to patients according to their physical condition for medical care, complying with the terms and conditions of the production line, reducing fraud, detecting authorized hazardous substances and removing drugs that have been licensed outside of the legal criteria can influence the company. High rents in the supply, prescription and treatment of the country to a great extent. The components of the correct implementation of the guidelines for hazardous drugs, the correct implementation of GMP rules, improvement in demand forecasting, correct and timely response of suppliers and suppliers, transparency and traceability, reduction in executive costs, Reducing the risk of implementing projects and carrying out contracts, behavioral data analysis algorithms, error and fraud detection algorithms, processes of identification, discovery, analysis, redesign, implementation and deployment, execution and monitoring, analysis of purchase plans and Procurement provides the possibility of tracking the information, political, monetary and back and forth flows of medicine, which represents its supply and demand among the manufacturer, government sector, patients, pharmacies, insurers, retailers of raw materials and importers. and reduces the possibility of fraud and corruption.Also, allocating treatment priority to patients according to their physical condition for medical care, complying with the terms and conditions of the production line, reducing fraud, detecting authorized hazardous substances and removing drugs that have been licensed outside of the legal criteria can influence the company. High rents in the supply, prescription and treatment of the country will be reduced to a great extent, which can be more effective for special and incurable patients, we know for certain that the required medicine for import and production, it is difficult and sometimes impossible to correctly identify and choose, with these created solutions, transparency is determined in whether the goal of the treatment program has been taken into account. Because we know that the distribution of special benefits is under the control of government officials and they define the priorities of subsidy allocation according to their decision-making power; This can be considered as one of the cases of corruption in the country's pharmaceutical industry. In the end, the improvement in the stock of raw materials and finished products, the non-issue of licenses for non-hazardous production lines in line with the production of hazardous drugs, the non-importation of domestic similar drugs, the elimination of middlemen and backdoors, the transparency of production costs. Transparency in contracts, transparency in the interests of the involved parties, transparency in payment to pharmaceutical companies, transparency in payment of pharmaceutical centers to drug dealers, transparency in pharmacy drug items, transparency in the risks after taking drugs, transparency in the way the budget is spent, The transparent and traceable payment system makes it clear whether the distribution and granting of licenses to natural or legal persons is done based on legal criteria and competently, while the government authority and decision-maker to avoid disclosure or The monopoly of the market cannot limit the transaction within the circle of friends and acquaintances, the benefit of political influence for the production of drugs and the distribution of imported drugs has been greatly reduced, the privileges have been removed from the circle of friends and acquaintances and in a competitive environment, they are given to companies. It will be real or legal that provide fair access to medical services.

The present study is descriptive in terms of its exploratory-applicative purpose, in terms of the method of data collection. The statistical population of this research was industry experts in Khuzestan province. samples were selected using the purposeful and accessible sampling method. In order to determine the sample size in the qualitative phase of the research, the theoretical saturation of the data and in the quantitative phase of the research was limited to the most referenced answers. In the qualitative phase of the research, a semi-structured interview method was used to collect data. The data of the qualitative phase of the research were analyzed with the help of qualitative content analysis technique. In the quantitative phase of the research, the data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. Data from the quantitative section were analyzed using the best-worst method. We have also used Excel, Spss and Lingo software for data analysis. The findings of the qualitative phase of the research included 4 basic applications for the Internet of Things in the human resource management sector. These applications include: human resource technologies, ease of human resource activities, assistance to human resource actors and human resource development. The findings of the quantitative phase of the research showed that among the identified applications, the criterion of human resources development has the highest relative importance (with a weight of 0.386) and the criterion of ease in human resources activities has the lowest relative importance (with a weight of 0.145) from the point of view Industry experts.

With the globalization of the market, companies try to improve their performance by using different processes. The advancement of big data technology has caused marketing companies to store a large amount of data about their customers. Therefore, better understanding of customers by big data information technology and the use of complex statistical software to analyze the needs of tourists has been considered in recent decades. Therefore, the aim of this research is to investigate the use of big data analysis strategy, Internet of Things and artificial intelligence to improve the company's performance. The current research is quantitative in terms of data collection and survey. The statistical population of the research is web-based tourism and travel companies, 384 of whom were selected using Cochran's formula and available. The validity of the research factors was confirmed by experts and Cronbach's alpha was used to confirm the reliability of the research. The findings of the research showed that artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things have a positive and significant effect on the creation of customer knowledge and user knowledge. Also, the creation of customer knowledge, user knowledge of the foreign market has a positive and significant effect on the rational decision making of marketing and the rational decision making of marketing.

This study aims to investigate the impact of the Internet of Things (IoT) on the Autopoiesis between communication signs in the industrial safety system and its subsequent influence on organizational safety performance.

Design/methodology/approach:

 A proposed model has been developed to examine the relationship between the IoT and Autopoiesis within the industrial safety system. Data has been collected through a survey method, utilizing a questionnaire to analyze the model.

Findings revealed that IoT has a significant impact on the Autopoiesis between communication signs within the industrial safety system, ultimately leading to an improvement in organizational safety performance.Research limitations/implications: This study relied on a survey method for data collection, which may introduce bias. Future research could explore other methods of data collection to further validate the findings.

Practical implications: 

The results of this study suggest that implementing IoT technology can enhance the Autopoiesis within the industrial safety system, leading to improved organizational safety performance. This highlights the importance of integrating emerging technologies into safety management practices.Social implications: By improving industrial safety performance through the utilization of IoT, organizations can create safer work environments for employees, ultimately contributing to overall societal well-being and reducing health hazards in the workplace.

Originality/value:

 This study contributes to the literature by exploring the novel concept of using the IoT to develop Autopoiesis within the industrial safety system. The findings provide valuable insights for organizational development managers seeking to improve safety performance through technological advancements.

The main factor in successful supply chain financing services is the use of business-oriented information systems. The current research aimed to further associate blockchain technology with the Internet of Things (IoT) and apply them in the field of supply chain finance. The research presents a new information management framework based on blockchain technology and IoT, which contributes to information transparency in the supply chain financing process. By managing information based on blockchain technology and IoT, the operational cost of the entire supply chain can be greatly reduced due to the integration of capital, information, and commercial flows in the supply chain. The results can be summarized as follows: (1) In a symmetric information environment subject to the limitation of maximizing the expected return of all parties, the incentive subsidy under the compatible incentive mechanism has a positive relationship with the maturity of blockchain technology and the operational capability of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and a negative relationship with the action level coefficient, absolute risk aversion coefficient, and external uncertainty of these companies. (2) The expected income that satisfies the mechanism of incentive compatibility has a positive relationship with the maturity of the blockchain technology, the broker’s profitability, and the net profit received by the employer. (3) In an asymmetric information environment, a varied incentive subsidy is more effective than an equal incentive subsidy in different SMEs with different operational capabilities and provides different incentives for these companies. Therefore, it can be concluded that in a symmetrical information environment, the equal incentive subsidy is more effective, but in an asymmetric information environment, a varied incentive subsidy is more effective.

The concept of a smart city involves utilizing information and communication technology to improve the livability and sustainability of urban areas and unique locations, thereby promoting innovation and entrepreneurship. The extensive use of digital sensors and control systems for managing urban infrastructure has led to the development of various applications with the Internet of Things (IoT) playing a crucial role in enabling new services and enhancing interaction levels. As this technology continues to progress, it holds the potential to transform every aspect of human life. This research aimed to conduct a spatial analysis of smart city indicators, particularly those related to the IoT across 13 regions of Mashhad metropolis. This study took an applied approach with a descriptive-analytical nature by utilizing both documentary (library) and field (questionnaire) data collection methods. The sample consisted of residents from 13 regions within Mashhad metropolis with a sample size of 171 questionnaires determined based on the 2016 population of 3,062,242. The questionnaires were distributed proportionately across each region. The data analysis was conducted by using SPSS software and decision-making methods, such as MEREC and COCOSO. Furthermore, the structural equation modeling approach (Smart PLS) was employed for a comprehensive analysis. The research findings indicated that Regions 9, 1, and 4 showed the highest levels of smart city indicators based on IoT in Mashhad, while Regions 3, 12, and 10 exhibited the lowest levels. According to the results of the PLS structural equation modeling test, the variable of smart governance showed the highest overall impact coefficient (1.523) on the IoT-based smart city followed by smart economy (1.256), smart citizen (0.895), smart environment (0.687), smart mobility (0.622), and smart living (0.160).

A smart city is a sophisticated ecosystem that leverages advanced information and communication technologies to enhance the appeal and sustainability of urban areas and distinctive locations, fostering innovation and entrepreneurship. The widespread adoption of digital sensors and control systems for managing urban infrastructure has facilitated various applications with the Internet of Things (IoT) emerging as a solution for delivering new services and enhancing interactive experiences. In recent years, the concept of smart cities has gained traction in Iran with cities, such as Urmia, Isfahan, Tehran, Mashhad, and Tabriz, being recognized as smart cities. Due to its rapid growth and development, as well as social, economic, and environmental changes in line with new needs, Mashhad City needs to provide services that are suitable and deserving for its residents, especially considering the significant number of domestic and foreign pilgrims, who visit the holy shrine of Imam Reza annually. Therefore, the indigenous capacities of the city alone are not sufficient for its development and the collaboration of various sectors, especially the communication and IT sectors, is necessary to elevate and progress it in new areas. Hence, this paper aimed to examine the distribution status of IoT-based smart city indicators in 13 districts of Mashhad municipality and answer the question of how the current status of IoT-based smart city indicators was in the mentioned districts. 

This research was applied in terms of its objective and descriptive-analytical in terms of its nature and method. The data collection method included both documentary (library) and field (questionnaire) researches. The sample consisted of residents from the 13 districts of Mashhad metropolis. Cochran formula was used to determine the sample size for each district, resulting in a total of 171 questionnaires based on a coefficient of 0.075 and population of 3,062,242 in 2016. The questionnaire was designed in a 5-point Likert scale format and distributed and completed across the districts of Mashhad. The questionnaire was validated based on the input from university professors and the necessary modifications were implemented. After collecting the questionnaires and assessing their reliability using the Cronbach's alpha method, the gathered data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics, including the Chi-square test, skewness and kurtosis tests, and one-sample t-test, within the SPSS software environment. Additionally, decision-making methods, such as MEREC and COCOSO, were utilized for data and information analysis. Finally, the Smart PLS software was employed to construct the structural equation model and determine the impact levels of the desired indicators on the IoT-based smart city. 

Upon confirming the normal distribution of the data through skewness and kurtosis tests, the results of the one-sample t-test indicated that all the indicators were significant. Among the IoT-based smart growth indicators, the first factor (smart mobility) exhibited the highest mean of 2.7154, while the component of smart citizen had the lowest score of 2.1287 compared to the other components. Following the weighting of the indicators by using the MEREC method and application of the COCOSO technique for ranking the districts, the results revealed that District 9 secured the 1st rank with a score of 3.412 and District 1 showed the 2nd rank with a score of 3.349 with the remaining districts following in subsequent ranks. Furthermore, the results of the structural equation modeling by using SMART PLS indicated that the variable of smart government exhibited the highest overall influence coefficient of 1.523 followed by smart economy (1.256), smart citizen (0.895), smart environment (0.687), smart mobility (0.622), and smart living (0.160), showcasing their influences in the IoT-based smart city. 

A smart city represents a comprehensive framework that assesses various facets of intelligent initiatives, empowering cities to leverage urban networks, bolster their economic prowess, and establish more efficient systems. This network relies on wireless networks, broadcasting networks, internet networks, telecommunication networks, and sensor networks with the Internet of Things (IoT) at its core. The research findings were consistent with the conclusions of other researchers, such as Mafi and Gholizadeh (2015), Amelifar et al. (2022), and Sudeep et al. (2018), highlighting the impact of IoT in urban settings, resulting in savings in time, cost, energy, materials, and human resources, and ultimately enhancing the quality of urban life. The high rankings of Regions 9 and 1 in Mashhad metropolis in terms of smart city indicators validated this assertion as evidenced by the high quality of urban life in these areas and the residents' preference to live there.

Today, the development of the tourism industry and its sustainability depend to a large extent on the use of information technology that exist in this field should be used to the fullest. The aim of the current research is to provide a model of sustainable tourism solutions with the approach of technological applications of Internet of Things in Kermanshah city.

This research is a qualitative research that was conducted in two stages. First, by reviewing the theoretical foundations and previous studies through the qualitative content analysis method, the solutions for the sustainability of tourism were identified and interpreted with the approach of technological applications of the Internet of Things. Then, to confirm the validation of the identified solutions, these solutions were provided to 20 experts in the field of information technology and tourism.

The results of the research show that tourism sustainability solutions with the approach of technological applications of the Internet of Things have a transportation dimension including the components of transportation announcements and special travel experience, information dimension including training and awareness, custom dimension Development includes the components of environment customization and service customization, the feedback dimension includes the feedback component of services, the service dimension includes the components of urban services and private services, the financial dimension includes the components of costing and cost reduction.

Organizations of tourist destinations should follow the example of successful countries in the field of smart tourism, to set up infrastructures to benefit from the technological applications of the Internet of Things. This work can be done by employing the expert manpower of these countries and using the services of smart companies in order to facilitate the mentioned process. It should be noted that the use of identified solutions requires a good coordination between the offending bodies such as the aviation industry, the tourism industry, the government and the and its tools, including the Internet of Things. It is inevitable and the capabilities and resources municipality and all related organizations and bodies.Conflicts Interest: The author(s) of this article declared no conflict of interest regarding the authorship or publication of this artivle

Recent smart city strategies are directly or indirectly related to Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Administrative and constitutional norms can impose motivations to introduce applications of the IoT in the public administration. The results of this paper introduce the IoT design necessities for a closer exchange between citizens and the state, namely ensuring the legal conformity of automated administrative procedures and not existing any margin of appreciation. Processing personal data in IoT applications requires that public and private institutions comply with the principles of data protection laws, namely the principle of privacy of personally identifiable information and the principle of necessity and purpose limitation. Moreover, the results show the potential of the IoT to change administration and administrative law i.e., transition of roles for humans and the public administration, opportunity creation of cooperative legislator, construction information symmetries and equity, changes in administrative procedures and structures, and redirection of human resources where they are really needed. Achieving these advantages requires a legal system that can take into account the necessary rules during the implementation of an IoT application. Germany's regulatory experience in this regard can be taken into consideration by Iranian legislators.

Investment in industrial equipment is a necessity for every industrial unit. In this study, a mathematical model for intelligent monitoring of the performance of industrial equipment of wind turbines using the Internet of Things and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with an edge computing approach is investigated. In this model, the performance of the UAV for intelligent monitoring of wind turbines is investigated in three stages: detection, computational offloading, and local computations. Considering the bi-objective nature of the final model, the model was solved by a genetic algorithm with non-dominated sorting and the epsilon constraint method using random numbers. According to the findings of the study, the epsilon constraint method loses its efficiency with increasing model dimensions and is not able to find the Pareto frontier in problems with large dimensions. For this purpose, the model was solved using the second version of the genetic metaheuristic algorithm with non-dominated sorting and a new structure for representing chromosomes. This algorithm was able to solve problems in large dimensions that the epsilon constraint method was unable to solve. According to the results, the epsilon constraint method and the genetic algorithm with non-dominated sorting differ only in the time to solve, and have similar performance in other criteria; as a result, the genetic algorithm with non-dominated sorting is proposed as the superior method.

With increasing environmental concerns from consumers, governments and communities around the world and organizations have sought to develop environmentally friendly programs such as green service and product development, green behavior and green technology. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of IoT, green shopping intention and green operations on green behavior of employees in the hotel industry (Case study: Hayat Shargh Apartment Hotel). The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of implementation method. The statistical population of this study was all employees of Hayat Shargh Apartment Hotel, whose number is 100 people. The statistical sample was calculated using Morgan table, 80 people and the random sampling method was simple. In order to collect data, Basana et al (2021) questionnaire was used. In order to determine the validity of the questionnaires, content validity and professors' approval., construct validity, convergent and divergent were used and the reliability of the questionnaires was assessed and confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. In this research, structural equation modeling methods using PLS software have been used to analyze the data. The results showed that the Internet of Things has a significant effect on green operations and green behavior of employees. The intention to buy green also had a significant effect on green operations and green behavior of employees. But the impact of green operations on staff green behavior was not confirmed.

As a revolutionary invention, the Internet is always evolving into a new type of hardware and software that makes it irresistible to anyone. The type of communication seen today is human-to-human or human-to-machine, but the Internet of Things promises a great future for the Internet, where it is machine-to-machine. The Internet of Things is defined as a paradigm in which objects with sensors, actuators and processors communicate with each other to achieve a meaningful purpose. Human resource management is a systematic approach that provides practices to support all aspects of the employee life cycle, from recruitment to exit. This article examines the impact of the Internet of Things on human resource management in the fourth industrial revolution and tries to develop a framework to understand it. The results of the survey showed that during the transfer of workflow to a digital and simple workflow, there is a need to measure the benefits of internal and outsourcing solutions for personnel management. These are the parameters that can justify the costs of an internal solution or a cloud-based human capital management solution by objectively measuring both options. These key performance indicators are workflow, flexibility, accountability and cost-effectiveness. Workflow is a continuous input-output process in a company that can sometimes be compressed. Without the help of automation, these setups are prone to mistakes due to repetitiveness.

The importance of the civil liability of product manufacturer and Internet of Things service provider is caused by the emerging damages of the Internet of Things to consumers. The integration of hardware, software and service in the Internet of Things is a product that is a continuous goods and service at the same time. The approach of the laws and judicial procedure of the European Union, the United States and Iran are almost the same whether software is a good or a service. In the mentioned legal systems, the basis of the civil liability of the producer of the Internet of Things product is Strict liability, and the basis of the civil liability of the provider of the Internet of Things service is Negligence. Due to the special type of Internet of Things product, on the basis of Strict liability, the element of Negligence in civil liability lawsuits is removed and it is enough to prove the Causal Link by the consumer. Malfunction of the Internet of Things device causes life and financial damage to the consumer and unauthorized access and misuse of personal data. The producer and the Internet of Things service provider are responsible for paying the damage caused to the consumer and any other person who is harmed by the consumption of the goods. Due to the inadequacy of the laws, Iran's laws in the field of civil liability of product manufacturer and Internet of Things service provider need to be legislated.