جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "خیریه" در نشریات گروه "علوم انسانی"

Social marketing is one of the most widely used branches of marketing knowledge that is used in various social issues. Social marketing seeks to create behavioral changes that benefit individuals and society (Romero-Domínguez et al., 2021, p. 3). Non-profit organizations (NPOs) have faced intense competition for charitable donations due to declining government support and rapid growth (Hsu et al., 2021, p. 52728). A review of previous literature on donor behavioral loyalty indicates that donors may be loyal to more than one nonprofit organization in different ways (O'Reilly et al., 2012, p. 69). Achieving charity marketing goals like business marketing, in addition to choosing an efficient strategy, also requires determining effective techniques and tactics such as market segmentation, which can increase the loyalty of philanthropists even more. But statistics show that organizations lose up to 60% of their first responders. Therefore, an adequate understanding of the determinants of donor loyalty is necessary and essential (Zogaj et al., 2021, p. 379). The closest research to the current topic is the research of Masoodipoor (2018), which used other criteria for classification, so the topic is completely new and original. Therefore, the main question of this research is how people's loyalty is in the three indices of loyalty to the charity brand, loyalty to the distribution channel, and loyalty to the donation subject. The main purpose of this research is to measure the behavior of benefactors in charity affairs based on the components of loyalty to charity marketing and behavioral segmentation in the statistical population of Qom province.

The current research is a descriptive-survey type of quantitative research with an exploratory approach and is included in applied research. The statistical population of this research includes the Qom metropolis. Therefore, by using the available sampling method, two urban areas, three and seven, were selected and sampling was done from the people in those areas. According to Cochran's formula including the confidence factor of 95%, the value of 0.5 for p and q, and the error factor of 0.05, the sample size is at least 384 people. The method of data collection in this research is a questionnaire that evaluates the donation behavior of individuals in terms of loyalty to charity brand, loyalty to distribution channel, and loyalty to the subject of donation in different places and times through 42 questions in two forms of specialized and demographic questions. All questions were designed according to the Five-point Likert scale according to the variable; Therefore, the evaluation of options is variable. In total, 571 questionnaires were distributed to people physically and electronically, and 405 questionnaires were obtained that could be used for statistical analysis, and then the data of the questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS software and clustering technique and two-step clustering analysis.

Surveys show that from the total of 405 people who answered the questionnaire, the highest percentage of frequency is related to men with approximately 51.4 frequency, and the lowest number of responses is related to women with a frequency of 48.6. The youngest declared age is 14 years and the highest age is 75 years. The average age of the people studied in the research is about 32 years, and people with the age of 20 include the largest number of this sample. 59.5% of them were married. In terms of education, 37% of people have a bachelor's degree. The classification of people based on their job shows that the highest frequency of people in the studied sample belongs to freelancers with 24.7%. The most frequent percentage in the income classification, i.e. 25.4%, belongs to the category of people who do not have a fixed and independent income. Based on the answers provided, these people were classified into 5 separate clusters, 15.8% in the first cluster, 10.4% in the second cluster, 22% in the third cluster, 28.4% in the fourth cluster, and 23.5% in the fifth cluster. The highest level of loyalty to the charity brand includes the third cluster, the highest level of loyalty to the distribution channel includes the fifth cluster, and the highest level of loyalty to the donation topic includes the fourth cluster.

Due to the optional nature of charitable donations by people in the community, the competitive conditions between charitable organizations to earn more money reveal the necessity of attracting the attention of the audience. Attracting more attention from the target audience means identifying their behavior in the face of charitable affairs, and this information is used to predict people's future behavior and has a significant contribution to the growth of altruistic donations. The general results of this research indicate the existence of a gap between theory and practice. Based on the classic marketing process, segmentation is necessary to accurately and better identify the giving behavior of people and also to provide them with optimal marketing mixes. Segmentation causes people to be placed in categories with similar behavioral patterns so that advertising and promotion programs suitable for each segment are selected and implemented. The existence of criteria or criteria for segmenting people is one of the strategic challenges in the field of social policies. These criteria can measure the status of benefactors in different dimensions of charitable behavior. Since the loyalty component of philanthropists is very important for all charitable organizations, this research was conducted to investigate the loyalty behavior of philanthropists based on the geographical location of the Qom metropolis. Therefore, using the two-stage clustering technique, this research divided people's loyalty into three indicators: loyalty to the charity brand, loyalty to the distribution channel, and loyalty to the donation issue. The increase in their charitable contributions was expressed.

According to the published reports of Ahvaz municipality, this metropolis has more than 13 slum neighborhoods with a population of about 350 thousand people. Despite the relative improvement of the conditions of these areas in the past decades, many residents of these areas still do not have suitable jobs and have faced difficulties in meeting some of their basic needs, and the help of individuals or charitable organizations has not been able to help them. Please solve this problem. The purpose of the current research is to examine the obstacles to the activities of charities and non-governmental organizations in these areas and to provide a solution for the evolution of charitable donations. Keeping in mind the principle that the use of theoretical literature in the qualitative approach is considered in the stage after the emergence of categories grounded theory method of Glazer's approach was used to collect data and provide a solution. In this regard, by using the theoretical sampling method, the beneficiaries were selected and interviewed, and several meetings were held with 16 of these participants in order to collect data. Weakness of intra-regional social capital, institutionalized job instability, feeling of multi-dimensional poverty, unsystematic charity work, and the combination of challenges of marginalized neighborhoods are the most important emerging categories. The results show that the size, volume, and distribution of charitable donations are insufficient to help the marginalized neighborhoods of the city of Ahvaz in crisis, and comprehensive support is necessary in this field.

Internet businesses have now expanded significantly worldwide. One of the important fields in which Internet businesses are used is charity. Internet businesses of charitable institutions are one of the new topics that have been raised in the field of charity governance. The current research was conducted to design the Internet business model of charitable institutions in the country. The Internet business model allows charitable organizations to have information about the organization, financial aid opportunities, and resources available at all hours of the day and night, and the audience can access the organization anywhere in the world. Also, internet platforms reduce the overhead costs associated with the traditional method of fundraising or face-to-face events, increase speed, and thus increase efficiency. Also, they will improve communication and interactions and be transparent and reliable about reporting.

 Research Methodology​:

In line with the purpose of this research, first, the theoretical basis of the field of business models and Internet business models as well as charitable institutions were studied and investigated. The methodology of the current research is qualitative and exploratory, and the thematic analysis method was used to analyze the data. To answer the main question, first, semi-structured interviews were conducted with charity internet business owners, then the interviews were analyzed using the thematic analysis method. In this research, the components of the canvas model were used as the basis of the work due to their comprehensiveness and frequency of application in the field of practice, and the interview framework was set based on it. The qualitative research approach has been conducted with a fundamental orientation and inductive logic using the thematic analysis method.

The network of themes was extracted from the interviews with 353 basic themes, 51 organizing themes, and 10 overarching themes including value proposition, main activity, main resources, key partners, customers, relationships with customers, distribution channels, costs and income streams, and environment. Amending the upstream laws related to charities to facilitate the expansion of internet charities in the country, the need to design the headquarters and institution of the upstream Supreme Council for the management of charities and internet businesses, improving the access of internet businesses to the virtual space, and considering suitable facilities for them were among the most important measures that should be placed on the agenda of policymakers to expand the online business of charities. The final model of the research is in Figure 1.

The current research was done in response to the main question, that is what is the model of internet business in charity organizations? This research was carried out with semi-structured interviews with experts in this field. After that, using theme analysis, all the interviews were reviewed and their themes were extracted, which include 353 basic themes, 51 organizing themes, and 10 overarching themes. The Internet business model of charities was obtained based on the nine-component model of the well-known business including value proposition, main activity, main resources, key partners, customers, relationships with customers, distribution channels, costs and income streams. Also, the environmental component and environmental restrictions were added as one of the new dimensions to the business model of charities. In each of these components, explanations were provided according to the obtained themes, and the organizing themes were briefly described in each one.After examining the background of the research, it was found that the present article is different from previous studies. The difference is in creating a new framework for fundraising in charitable organizations on the World Wide Web (Internet). This is the main innovation of the current research and makes the current article uniquely different from previous research. This new framework allows charities to fundraise more effectively and efficiently. Unlike previous research that focused more on traditional and non-online methods, the current research has investigated and analyzed in the global network space and presented a comprehensive and innovative model for charity activities in the global network. This model can be used as a practical guide for charitable organizations and help to improve their performance and increase their productivity.

One of the problems of organizations is the lack of trust between managers and employees. The lack of trust causes the loss of the organization's resources and the failure to achieve its goals. Organizations need managers who become leaders to build trust. Authentic leadership is an organizational leadership style that is based on the integrity of leaders in the workplace. Trust, and in particular trust in leadership, is an essential and enduring component in the success of an organization, and authentic leadership is defined as being trustworthy (Rog, 2021). Authentic leadership includes a multifaceted process in which leaders seek to establish effective communication with employees based on trust (Sheikh et al., 2022). When employees trust their leaders, they have fewer negative feelings leading to a better performance (Anthony et al., 2021). According to Gardner and Schermerhorn (2019), authentic leadership has a significant impact on positive organizational behaviors such as trust. One of the important factors in creating trust is the presence of authentic leaders in the organization. This research is innovative because it studies charities and examines the element of trust, which is one of the most important factors in choosing a charity. The objective of this research is whether authentic leadership affects organizational trust or not.

The current research is practical in terms of purpose, and in terms of the nature and method of data collection, it is descriptive survey research of the field type. The statistical population of the study is 500 employees of charities in Isfahan City in various fields such as healthcare, livelihood, empowerment, and marriage. This statistic was obtained by an inquiry from the social affairs office of Isfahan governorate. The sample size was calculated as 217 people based on the table of Karjesi and Morgan. The sampling approach in this research is the Convenience Sampling method. The questionnaire covered 28 specific questions, in which the authentic leadership variables included four dimensions of self-awareness, balanced processing, relational transparency in the relationship, and internalized moral perspective. The organizational trust variable includes three dimensions horizontal, vertical, and institutional trust. Content and construct validity methods were used to assess validity. In terms of construct validity, first-order confirmatory factor analysis in AMOS software was implemented. The factor loadings of the questions were examined and the factor loadings of all questions were greater than 0.5, so the construct validity was confirmed. Cronbach's alpha was used to measure reliability. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS and AMOS software.

According to the findings, 75% of respondents were male in terms of demographic characteristics. In terms of education, most of the respondents had a bachelor's degree, and in terms of work experience, most of the respondents had more than 12 years of work experience. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to check the normality. The data were normal. Table 1: Test of Normality .Table 2: The result of the test of research hypotheses According to Table 2, since the value of the significance level in all hypotheses is less than 0.05 and the critical value is greater than 1.96, the hypotheses are confirmed.

The results of the first hypothesis showed that authentic leadership has a positive and significant effect on organizational trust. One of the most important tools for the success of charities is trust. Trust in charities is two-way, in the sense that both benefactors and employees should trust charities. Since most charities are dependent on benefactors for their activities, charities will face problems if benefactors do not trust them. The findings based on the second hypothesis showed that authentic leadership has a positive and significant effect on employees' horizontal trust. The results of the present study show that authentic leadership can increase the horizontal trust of employees. The key to increasing horizontal trust is developing communication between individuals. A strong communication network can increase people's awareness and consequently reduce conflicts and disputes. The findings based on the third hypothesis showed that leadership has a positive and significant effect on employees' vertical trust. Vertical trust in charity organizations can be interpreted as the trust of benefactors in managers and also the trust of employees in their higher managers. The findings based on the fourth hypothesis showed that authentic leadership has a positive and meaningful effect on the institutional trust of employees. Institutional trust is to assure the stakeholders about the goals and strategies of the organization and attract their participation to cooperate in this field. To create transparency, the charity managers are suggested to provide the financial performance of the charity to the public monthly. Also, charities should evaluate their activities with the help of an auditor and publish the auditor's reports publicly.

The monthly payment of welfare benefits not only fosters problematic dependencies, but also requires substantial resources. There is no holistic approach to empowerment among support institutions; rather, each institution concentrates on particular aspects of empowerment. Existing research has focused more on the concept of empowerment than on the empowerment process. This study aims to analyze the dimensions of the empowerment process in support institutions so as to formulate the operational process.This study was conducted using a qualitative approach grounded in grounded theory. The method of sampling was theoretical sampling. In 2020, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 support organization administrators in Mashhad. The text of the interviews was analyzed utilizing the Strauss and Corbin method and the MAXQDA-10 program.Environmental resources, identification of individual abilities, a sense of self-efficacy, expectations and values, choice and action, and accomplishments were identified as dimensions of the empowerment process.Empowerment is a gradual and cyclical process, and individuals with varying degrees of empowerment and capability engage this cycle. With each cycle, one’s abilities gain new capabilities. As a result, their self-efficacy and motivation to choose and practice for future empowerment are enhanced.

Introduction"Innovation" is the essential premise of any continuous competitive activity. In the field of social activities, especially economic ones, a leading person is someone who can better and more know the strategies and sources of continuity of innovation of his organization. Today, charities in Iran are more competitive than ever. Experts acknowledge the existence of a tough competition market in various sectors, especially to attract and retain sponsors among charities; the competition that has been going on for a long time in the charities of developed countries following the acceptance of charity in the context of cultural industries. The main purpose of this study is to discover strategies and resources for innovation development in Iranian charities. The two main questions of this research are: "What are the sources of innovation in Iranian charities?" and "What are the methods and factors of development of these resources?".The results show that factors such as managerial characteristics, power of mediators, networking, and formation of a comprehensive system of good deeds, industrial view, and intercultural relations are the most influential factors in the development of innovation in charities. But of all the sources identified, the most central is the use of market knowledge. Strategic planning and setting goals and methods based on up-to-date market knowledge provide the various conditions and grounds for the development of innovation, and as a result, an industrial and pluralistic view and intercultural relations, that are the foundation for serious developments in charitiesResearch MethodologyThis qualitative research was conducted using the grounded theory method, which is the "inductive" method of theory discovery. The steps of the research were carried out in accordance with the proposal of Strauss and Corbin (1998) through three-step coding of data obtained from in-depth semi-structured interviews with 6 experts and charity managers, who were selected by non-probability purposeful snowball sampling. Having successful and effective innovative experience at different levels of charity organization management has been the main selection indicator. One of the most  important characteristics of the samples is having more than ten years of management experience in charitable institutions as well as master's and doctorate education related to activities in charitable institutions. The interviews continued until the categories were saturated and the model was presented. Research FindingsAccording to the main goal of this research, which is to provide a paradigm model for the development of innovation in Iranian charities based on the opinions of experts, five categories including "causal", "background", "pivotal", "interventionist" and "strategies" (Cresswell, 2005:398) were extracted. And the paradigm model was designed through the relationship between these five categories. The findings show that in this research, "the need for charitable institutions to benefit from market knowledge" is the most frequent and important component of the experts' attention, and the existence of innovative managers and attention to the innovative economy is one of the most important reasons for its realization. Also, factors such as manpower training and research, on one hand, provide the necessary background for benefiting from the latest knowledge of the market, and on the other hand, make strategic planning and setting goals and methods possible based on this knowledge, and fulfill the necessary conditions for the realization of strategies in charities, including the development of internal and external communication and intercultural relations with an emphasis on pluralism. Also, factors such as networking and the formation of a comprehensive system of good deeds are among the most important factors that facilitate the benefit of the latest knowledge of the market and accelerate and facilitate strategies. However, several factors such as the lack of trust between people and charities and the tendency of charities to maintain the traditional approach, and not believing in the innovative economic system hinder attention to market knowledge and cause the delay or lack of development of innovation and the realization of strategies in charitable institutions.Discussion and conclusionIn this research, "innovation" is known as a way to improve the performance of charities; a solution by which the neglected potentials in the essence of good deeds can be used to improve the efficiency of charitable institutions, from providing services to the needy to improving the country's position in international organizations and action for world peace. Our paradigm model shows that the charity market in Iran is very dynamic and has intense competition in the fundraising sector. Research shows that survival in this competitive environment requires the design and regular implementation of programs based on creative and innovative capital attraction, which in turn requires the preparation of new ideas (Bennett & Savani, 2011:121; Pullan & Hiwaizi, 2009:32). From this point of view, benefiting from innovative economy and market knowledge, which leads to organizing the competition, systematizing relationships and improving the quantity and quality of activities, can be considered one of the main sources of innovation development in charities. The present research is the first research that has studied the sources of innovation in Iranian charities and provided practical solutions to increase innovation in these charities. The unique features of this research are that it has examined and introduced the charities that have succeeded in using these solutions, for example, "Mehrane Zanjan" in taking advantage of "extensive communication" and "specialization", "Ala" in "indigenous knowledge production" and "development of knowledge and research", "Raad al-Ghadir" in networking, "Abshar Atefeh" and "Raad" in benefiting from the "potential of mediators and facilitators", etc.

Participation in charity is one of the moral mechanisms for eradicating economic poverty, and the philosophical debate about it has risen since the 1970s. In this paper, two important philosophical arguments have been formulated and researched by Singer and Spoerl about duty or beyond duty and why and how to participate in charitable affairs. Singer believes that people who are morally obligated are obliged to give their possessions to those in need unless this assistance requires the deprivation of things that are morally comparable to the needs and problems of those in need. Spoerl, along with all the critics, clearly sees this as a rigid condition, and instead believes that people with morals are obliged to give their possessions to the needy, but only after they have met the necessities of life. There is also a serious disagreement between Singer and Spoerl about the definition of the necessities of life, and Spoerl derives a broad definition of it that includes artistic, intellectual, and social values. Singer also does not specify the source of charity, but Spoerl, by separating surplus income from surplus wealth, believes that we simply have a duty to give our surplus income to the needy. Based on the findings of the paper, the lack of prioritization of the needy and its non-separation from the prioritization of needs is evident to some extent in both perspectives, especially Singer's perspective.

The desire to form regional alliances has been on the rise under the modern globalization trend. The shared Islamic beliefs, vast oil and gas reserves, and strategic location have necessitated strong, dynamic, and ongoing relations between the Middle East states through unions of Islamic countries. Although numerous plans for convergence have been proposed, it has not been possible to form a successful union independent of regional rivalries. This study aimed to answer the following questions: “What is the most suitable union model for the Middle East under uncertainty?” and “What necessitates the formation of a union in this volatile region different from normal ones in other regions?” This study employed a descriptive-analytical approach to present a new model of regional governance titled "Islamic Union of Charities and Non-Governmental Organizations". This study also briefly discusses the obstacles to convergence and the relevant unsuccessful experiences in the Middle East. In addition to removing impediments to convergence through benevolent diplomacy, this union can use the vast capacity of public opinion and non-governmental actors to serve as a solution to the chaos at this international crossroads of events in the region.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the causes of shifting the approach of Poverty Reduction Organizations from the supportive approach to the employment-based approach, identifying the models, review implementation strategies and their consequences. This study was a qualitative study based on the grounded theory approach. The sampling method was theoretical sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with managers of 20 entrepreneurial charities, support organizations and public organizations in Mashhad in 1397. The text of the interviews was analyzed using the Strauss and Corbin approach using maxqda 10 software. The focal point of this study is "social integration through work". The main strategy for implementing this approach is to utilize the capabilities of the employees and attention and enhance the ability of service recipients to take advantage of employment opportunities in the labor market. By changing the face of poverty from absolute to relative in Iranian society, the individual and social assets of the poor generally increased. In line with this trend, the demand of the people and the elite for the effectiveness and efficiency of the institutions of poverty has increased. Under these circumstances, some responsible institutions have turned to social integration through work using social networks. Social integration through work enhances client confidence in the organization, enhances self-efficacy, financial sustainability, and promotes organizational reputation, and reduces social problems caused by poverty.

Iran became affiliated with the International Federation of Red cross and founded its Lion and Sun Society in 1923. Afterwards this society gradually expanded and established its branches in Tehran and other cities of Iran. One of these branches was opened in Isfahan in 1930. Lion and Sun Society of Isfahan had significant effects on Isfahan society. Therefore, this study by employing the archival documents and historical sources with descriptive- analytical approach tries to answer this question: How did Red Lion and Sun Society of Isfahan effect on the lives of orphans and underprivileged children in Isfahan under the reign of Reza shah? The outcomes of the study indicate that the foundation and performance of Isfahan Lion and Sun Society during Pahlavi I period could be influential in the future of orphans and underprivileged children and even some middle-class children in Isfahan society by providing shelters and services for them.

Social marketing is regarded as an applicable concepts in the field of philanthropy and non-profit organizations that uses mixed marketing principles to influence the audience’s behavior. It can also lead to the acceptance of a social idea. The ultimate goal of social marketing is to change society and achieve the public good in a long-term approach. In addition to charitable foundations and the development of their activities, increasing public participation in charitable affairs is also considered an under-developed area of social marketing. Therefore, it should be explained based on an empirical approach given the growing number and variety of charities. Today, there is a need for charitable organizations to implement marketing concepts to attract clients for more help. It is also necessary to increase public participation in charitable work. The main purpose of this research is to examine the application of social marketing in the development of charitable activities.

This cross-sectional research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in nature. Library and field methods have been used to collect data. Given that this research focuses on social marketing and charity, a systematic literature review was used to study the past literature. Moreover, the content analysis method was implemented to extract and propose related dimensions and components. In order to prioritize the components, the significance-performance matrix was used, where a questionnaire was employed to collect the experts’ opinions. Then, effective measures for implementation of a social marketing program and attracting public participation were determined as a result of a workshop with the management board of an active charity.

The extracted dimensions and components of social marketing in the field of charity include: goal setting (behavioral goals and cognitive goals), situational analysis (analysis of social marketing program environment, subjective norms to charity, social norms to charity), segmentation (demography dimensions, psychological dimensions, benefits for the target audience), social marketing mix (behavioral suggestion, participation cost, accessibility, social communication, people and participation, program funding), as well as program monitoring and evaluation of its impact (output evaluation, impact assessment). These components can lead to persuasion and persistence in good deeds and generosity behavior (increasing the donation of individual resources to charity, reducing/preventing the donation of individual resources other than charity, influencing macro-policy).

We could identify the following four measures that are proved effective in developing the activities of charitable foundations: holding events, the use of social networks, personal communication and word of mouth advertisement, as well as the use of reference groups and influential people.

Researches show that despite the numerous facilities and the increase of charitable donations in recent years, the number of poor people and their needs is increasing. On the one hand, the inefficiencies of charities and the failure to achieve predefined goals, as well as the concerns of charities for the government, have led to this study. The aim of the research is to increase the effectiveness of charities through the use of social innovation. Due to that, after reviewing the background of the studies, a research was conducted on the charity of Salam Social Innovation Center. According to the qualitative research, action research methodology and snowball sampling were used. After identifying the problem, the systems thinking (a four-stage model of systems thinking for social change) applied to collect data and provide a solution. For this purpose, interviews with stakeholders and relevant people were conducted. Then the selected solutions were developed and implemented on a large scale. Finally, by evaluating the project process, results and achievements were presented. The results indicated that some basic decisions and actions were needed to solve the problem fundamentally. The suggestions made in this case fall into two categories: quick-fixes and fundamental solutions. Quick fixes include crowd-collaboration and crowdfunding؛ fundamental solutions include improving in the economic situation, micro-lending, frugal innovation, and inclusive innovation.

The purpose of this article is to present a model of economic balance in order to achieve economic justice in Islamic society. This research explores the general framework of the Supreme Leader of the Revolution's view on economic balance by inverse index method, then by developing this view, by The method of inferring the theory of Islamic economics, it derives the model of economic balance with a seven structure. Leadership is at the center of gravity and the top of this model's pyramid. The intellectual core, the government, the people, the family, the market and the charity make up other components of the model. Faith and piety are the foundation of the model structure. The components of the model play a role in directing the society towards balance depending on the degree of faith and piety. The higher the degree of faith and piety in the components, the faster and more accurate the movement towards balance and the more balanced society will be.

One of the methods that are used as financing today and have attracted the attention of researchers is the use of crowdfunding. Crowdfunding is possible in four ways. One of the concepts that can be related to this issue and be challenged is the discussion of how the relationship between the donor and the investor. In this study, using a descriptive-analytical method, we first explain crowdfunding and then presented a proposed mechanism for the social advisor to support non-profit blockchain-based financing. In this regard, we examine the preferences of donors, the relationship between donors and investment, and the characteristics of dynamic financing to increase funding success rates and donor satisfaction. It then introduces a recommendatory model that lists the donors for the various campaigns that investors have created for crowdfunding. This research can be the basis for implementing such systems on the web to expand humanitarian activities, and its results can be used for non-governmental organizations, charities, etc.

Nowadays well-being issues and public utility activities have become a source of interest among communities of different tendencies and attitudes. This fact highlights placing more emphasis over the importance of scholarly approaches regarding dealing with such matters. As like, frequently, we can find signs of well-being intents in a great number of people. However, there is no adequate anticipants and underlying conditions to lead people to a well-bieng behaviour. In this paper, based on a qualitative phenomenonology approach and on the grounds of Golaizzi’s method or multi-stage classification, a deep interview course from community of charity managers is desined to extract the key factors of emerging well-being behaviour among Isfahan citizens. Reaching these factors, moving toward realizing and enacting the well-being behaviour in individuals can be facilitated and consequently charities will witness prosperity in their material and non-material resources.In pursuing the key factors of emerging well-being behaviour in people, the concluding key factors based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) are grouped in three categories of attitude-based factors, norm-based factors, and behaviour controling perception based factors. The results from classification of charity managers’ experiences in three-category TPB show that the category of attitude-based factors with the most frequency in the analized experiences plays more important role in the emerging well-being behaviour in the people living in Isfahan.

Resolving the problem of poverty requires treatment of people in need of help to help the needy. Social charity marketing is used as one of the most effective and effective tools for encouraging and encouraging contacts to help the needy. In the process of social marketing planning, market segmentation is necessary for homogeneous and similar groups. This will lead to the design and provision of a tailor-made marketing program for each department. The present research seeks to base four indices of monthly assistance, daily assistance, amount of donation and the amount of income on the category of generosity. For this purpose, using cluster sampling method, 474 people from five regions of Tehran were selected. A hierarchical clustering technique was used to analyze the data. The results of the research show that there are five types of generosity behavior in the sample, for which each appropriate social marketing mix should be used to create a successful program for charitable contributions.

The present study was conducted to compare effects of social entrepreneurship orientation with charitable orientation on various aspects of poverty including income poverty, social exclusion, ability poverty, vulnerability and inter-generational poverty. In this research, service recipients of social entrepreneurship institutes were compared with clients of charity organizations. Questionnaire survey containing 91 questions is selected as a data collection method. The “Living Standards” Questionnaire was used to measure different dimensions of poverty. Cronbach's alpha of all questionnaire subscales was higher than 0.7. The questionnaires were given to 143 service recipients of seven institutes with a social entrepreneurship orientation and 156 service recipients of eight charity institutions in Mashhad. The research findings reveal that service recipients of social entrepreneurship institutions had a significantly better situation than charity clients in different dimensions of poverty (needs of life poverty, health poverty, residence poverty, absolute poverty, relative poverty, inter-generational poverty, vulnerability, social exclusion and ability poverty. Social entrepreneurship reduces inter-generational poverty as well as breaks the cycle of poverty. Results indicate that employment regardless of the economic aspect (the improvement of individual welfare or household income), socially extends individual circle of inclusion circle as well as reduces the risk of isolation and social exclusion.

Non-governmental organizations (NGO) are a new phenomenon in the social life of the Western societies that their fast growth from the second half of the 20th century and because of the globalization has been started. These organizations are going to encourage people and volunteers to improve the society condition, meeting needs, manifestation and arising of attitudes and to access sustainable development. In this situation, women are not excluded and they have opportunity to participate in these non-governmental organizations (NGO) as a symbol of participation. Encouraging women and providing the possibility of their presence in non-governmental organizations (NGO)   let them become an effective person and improve their social participation. With attention to the activity in these organizations which is voluntary and mostly without any economic profit, it is necessary to be determined the factors which make women as a great part of the society participate in these organizations. This paper with the descriptive – analytic method and with library tool has studied and determined these factors correspondence with women's potential in five fields: individual, family, economic, social and religious.

One of the most important elements of good governance is the increasing public participation in community affairs. Aid to poor people and charitable activities are one of the most important areas that individuals must be activated in it. This is so important that It can be argued the solving of poverty is not possible without public participation. On the other hand, the government cannot be apathetic to their responsibility in preparation and facilitating Charities activities. The lack of regulation of the relationship between the public sector and the nonprofit sector in charities causes is one of the problems of the nation. The Achievement to the desired pattern to set this relationship, in the first step we need to identify the damages in this subject. In the first study, we conduct some interviews with a number of managers of Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation and authorities of charities. After that we use thematic analysis to identify the main damage in the regulation of the relationship. The damage included 31 issues were classified in 6 main categories. Then, with using Analytical Hierarchy Process the issues are prioritized. Finally, the problem of monitoring and evaluating the performance of charities and charge of the government in the subject of poverty elimination were identified as the most important macro issues in this area.

The aim of this study is to compare components of difficulties in emotion regulation scale in philanthropists people group and ordinary people group. The sample included 30 people who have active participate in charities of shiraz city and 30 ordinary people that 2groups matched with each other. Difficulties in emotional regulation scale was used for this study. Data were analyzed by MANOVA. The results showed that philanthropists people take lower scores than ordinary people in 4 components of Non acceptance of emotion responses, Difficulties engaging in Goal-Directed Behaviour, Impulsive control difficulties and Limited Access to Emotion Regulation Strategies. Also there wasn’t the significant difference in components of Lack of Emotional clarity and Lack of Emotional Awareness in two groups. According to results, the people who participate in altruism activities become able to regulate their emotion better than ordinary people.