جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "شهر شهریار" در نشریات گروه "علوم انسانی"

Urbanization of poverty has occurred in today's world and the poor fate is tied to cities. Urban poverty is a complex and multifaceted concept. In the sense that it is not limited solely to economic or income indicators, it also includes social-cultural and physical indicators. The immigrant poor cannot afford to pay for housing costs in affluent neighborhoods, so they settle in marginal, worn-out and inefficient textures. As a result, poverty zones have appeared in the form of marginalization and informal settlements. In Iran, more than 20 million people live in urban slums, so that 11 million of them have been settled in informal settlements and 9 million in worn-out textures. Meanwhile, Shahriyar city is known as one of the Tehran province emigrant centers. Accordingly, present paper purpose is to evaluate poverty various indicators from the citizen's perspective of Shahriar city. Also, it has been measuring access to services and amenities among the Shahriyar city neighborhoods by using of the neighbor nearest model.

The current research is applied and its method is descriptive-analytical. Statistical society is consisting of Shahriar city neighborhoods residents (about 248675 people). The statistical sample is obtained through the Cochran formula, which is equivalent to 322 people. The statistical sample is distributed and completed by using of the Likert scale between neighborhoods’ residents. In this study, with a preliminary study of 50 samples from the questionnaires, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the its reliability was 0.73. Thus questionnaire has a satisfactory reliability. In addition, the neighbor nearest model has been used in order to evaluate the Shahriyar city neighborhoods, in terms of access to facilities and services (access to emergency services, recreation and sports centers, administrative centers, urban facilities and educational centers). To test the hypotheses, regression variance and Spearman have been used.

The research findings show that some of physical characteristics have a positive effect on the semantic level of more than 95%. These indicators are included of housing ownership rate, population density, person in the room; residential housing without gas, electricity, drinking water, toilets and bathrooms; the number of households in a residential unit, the number of people in a residential unit and the type of building skeleton, the lifespan of the building, the area of ​​the residential unit. A number of economic and social indicators have gained a positive impact on the significance level of more than 95%. These indicators are included of aging, the number of people with disabilities, fertility rates, infant mortality rates, illiteracy rates, higher education rates.  People have stated that in the event of an income increase, 12% consider education as a priority, %40 has been taken into account their environment physical condition improvement, about %11 have placed car purchases in the first place, approximately %27 consider switching to other neighborhoods and %11 have considered other criteria for their cost priorities. The results have confirmed that the accumulation of poverty in worn-out textures and informal settlements and unbalanced distribution of facilities and services in the city of Shahriyar. According to the results of the neighbor nearest mean model, Z score for access to emergency services, office centers, urban facilities and educational centers is equal to -4.76, -6.5, -4.83, and -7.3. Therefore, spatial distribution of these services in the Shahriyar city is cluster at %95 level. Meanwhile, Z score for recreation and sports centers access is -0.28, so the spatial distribution of these services in the Shahriyar city level have distributed randomly.

Poverty has been concentrated in the worn-out textures and informal settlements of Shahriar city. The poor neighborhoods of Shahriar city include of North and South Boradabad, Mohammadiyeh, Kershad, Farhang, Taleghani, Kohnese, Sink", while its worn-out texture adapts to the neighborhoods of North and South Boradabad, Kohnz, Kareed and Farhang. The results of research have confirmed that the urban services clustering and the social and spatial exclusion emergence. This situation has led to a kind of spatial mismatch in Shahriyar city. In fact, the social capital of the Shahriyar city impoverished areas has been decayed due to physical, natural, financial, social, symbolic, human and managerial causes. Accordingly, the main suggestions of this research are as follow:v  Prioritizing the public transportation expansion, especially in the city marginal sectors;  Implementing the green belt to control the city disorganized development and use of infill spaces such as abandoned, worn-out and empty land; The development of basic services such as libraries, clinics, green spaces, schools and cultural facilities in poor areas or slum;  Residents economic empowerment through local loan and savings fund creation, job skills training, supporting small and medium-sized manufacturing workshops and exploiting home-based businesses capacity (especially women);  Determination of residential unit's documents status and increase the sense of belonging to the place among the residentsCreating centers for crisis management, especially against earthquakes and local forces training.

Urban poverty has become a challenge in the metropolitan periphery area. Shahriar is one of the most immigrant centers in Tehran province. Its population has risen from 7,207 in 1966 to 25,6,730 in 2011. Accordingly, the poverty zones in this city are revealed and the purpose of this article is to determine their location. The present study is an applied and descriptive-analytical method. The research results indicate a kind of polarization space in the Shahriyar city. So that a number of neighborhoods are in an unconventional and disadvantaged situation, including North and South Bradabad, Mohammadiyeh, Keresh, Farhang, Taleghani, Kohnz, Sink, Farzanegan, Northern Maryam, Edari Shahrak, East and West baghestan, Moin-ol-Molk, Bahar, Ali Sha'oz, South Shahzai, Dinara Abad and Southern Astaneh. At the same time, a number of neighborhoods are in a better position, including South Maryam, Southwest, North Shahshahi, Boostan, North Astana, Sadaf and Shahid. On the other hand, the neighborhoods of Amirabad (North and South Bradabad), Kershteh, Farhang and Kahnaz are known as the approved textures of Shahriar city. The area of worn-out tissue in Shahriar is 150 hectares, which according to the statistics of 1390, 46274 people live in it. Therefore, there is a complete overlap between the poor areas and the worn-out areas in Shahriar city.

n this research, an analysis of the barriers to the formation of rural-urban ties in the districts around Tehran metropolis has been addressed. This research is descriptive-analytic and is based on the applied and field method. The statistical population consisted of 46 villages in the central part of Shahriyar with a physical sample of 13 villages and a sample of 381 people. The results showed that the educational services and health care services are holistic and other polar processes, and they are one-way flow of people and products of other flows. Among the factors influenced by the environment and the housing system, access to infrastructure services was identified as one of the obstacles to the formation of rural-urban links between the villages studied and the city of Shahriyar. In the study of the barriers affecting the socioeconomic system, the quality of services, the effective policy-making system, the existence of support centers for production and the quality of its provision, the existence of industrial processing centers and the existence of commercial production in the rural area were dealt with. All of these factors were found to be at a significant level below 5% and the upper and lower negative thresholds were identified as barriers. Based on this, it can be concluded that realization of rural-urban links is possible in the integrated rural-urban system, in this system the role of villages and cities depends on the conditions and resources of the environment and so much affected by structural reforms in the social system - Economic. Meanwhile, the role of the policy-making system is more important.

Today slum refers to those areas of the city which are not necessarily situated at the corners of the city, but to those which are in margins from economic, social, cultural, and other urban life aspects, that has formed a settlement in which the least living-supplies of healthy water, electricity and gas, transportation system and a clean environment suffice their lives. This type of settlement is due to the asymmetry and commonality of features and conditions of living in the main parts of the city. And generally indicate the low level of living conditions in comparison with the average standards in the main city specifically, and also in living conditions in cities as a whole. On the other hand, informal settlement refers to the discordance of settlement with the approved regulations of governmental organizations and particularly of municipalities. Those areas which are situated outside the servicing scope of the general and governmental organizations such as electricity, gas, and telecommunications offices, along with municipalities accompany various phenomena such as urban poverty, poor housing, immigration from countryside to cities, environment pollution, unhealthy environments and etc.
In Iran, slum began in the 30s (solar calendar) with the immigration of village dwellers to the cities, and after a decade, it was prospered due to land reforms and economic-social policies of the day, a growing increase which has never stopped since. Slum or informal settlement in the outer parts of the cities is not just a physical notion but is an outcome of the macro structural factors in economic, social, cultural, and political aspects in a national or regional scope. The reasons for this phenomena vary which can differ from one place to another. Nevertheless immigration is one of the main reasons for slum settlements. It can simultaneously play two roles; it can be a solution to demographic crises. It leads the surplus population out of the region and accordingly the human power is directed where is needed most. It balances the structural asymmetries of population and by reducing the development imbalances in different regions result in the betterment of the status quo. And on the other hand, it might be possible that by immigration of the human power, the economic equilibrium between the source and destination community would be disturbed, and by having a community without any human power, it generates complex social and cultural situations; which all in all leads to a congested crowd overpopulating specific big cities and regions. In this way, it brings about problems in servicing and efficient regulation of issues and thus be regarded as a disturbing element of development and mutual understanding. The investigated region has been exposed to the crises of immigration and slum settlements recently, so much so that based on the population and housing census of 2006, population growth rate of Shahriar rose by a far distance from other cities to 8.7 percent. Thus, this research was conducted to investigate the elements of immigration and slum dwelling in Shahriar city. And it aims to answer these questions:1.How social, economic, and demographic factors influence the slum settlements of those who have migrated to this city?
2.How is the local dispersion in Shahriar?
On this basis, with the researches and investigations conducted at the outset of the study, district 2 was selected as a fit choice out of the three districts of 1, 2, and 3 which settled slums. Since all the locals were not slums in this specific districts, with proper investigation the slum areas were identified which had a high rate of immigration; with whom interviews were ran and questionnaires distributed. To this end, by following Cochran formula, 200 people were selected as samples through cluster random sampling out of the statistical community. To analyze data, descriptive statistical methods such as central index, dispersion and inferential statistics like Chi-square, Wilcoxon and Friedman tests were utilized.
The results of the study indicates that the slum in Shahriar are situated in the old and cheap sections of the three districts of 1, 2, and 3. Also, after a detailed examination it was proved that Shamloo local in district 2 is more suitable than the other ones. On the other hand, by investigating the economic factors (such as job opportunities and income) it was indicated that immigration is very important from the aspect of providing job opportunities. Secondly, social factors are more important in slum settlements issues. For instance, one can refer to urban and welfare facilities, educational facilities, health and recreation facilities are all social factors. On the other hand, those people who have migrated due to pursuing education, higher level of welfare, better facilities etc. are all below 30 years old. Based on the findings of this research, families were not significantly changed after immigration in comparison with the period before it, but it is a vital element in three membered families in times of immigration. All has been done to meet the financial needs of the family. Therefore, one can claim that most immigrations to slum areas have been due to economic and social deficiencies of the source society.

The issue of passive defense has a long history especially in construction of urban spaces as well as public buildings. The accuracy of this claim can be found in Initial wars of Islam and defensive measures such as digging ditches, making a fort. Considering the improvement in technology and its effect on the development of WMD, the need for improvement in considerations of passive defense for reducing casualties of war is more felt. Since Iran is a country with strategic objectives and strategies such as: authoritarianism, self-seeking, preservation of territorial integrity, political independence, the pattern of local development, etc. and also due its location in the Middle East and having unique geopolitical, geostrategic, geo-economic opportunities, applying a defensive consideration in urban development is very important. In this study, hazard zones in the country were identified and also sensitive buildings of Shahriyar were determined. Doing so, we can prevent financial and physical damages, of parts which are more prone to damage, before the occurrence of war. 2-

This study is applied and the general approach is descriptive-analytical. The studied area is the zone of Shahriar in general and its official area in particular and the population was a number of experts in the public sector (municipalities), private sector (consulting engineers and engineering offices), government sector (Government agencies) and the public. In order to better recognize the current status and understand the necessity to investigate the passive defense preparations, raw data were collected from the latest census of the country in 2006 and considering the comprehensive studies of Shahriar and getting the relevant maps from the urbanization and housing ministry, the location of the official cite of Shariar was determined in natural, economic and social dimensions and finally, using the matrix table, different levels of decision-making process in devising developmental projects were specified and presented.

City is density habitat that due to the presence of human، it requires security and safety in all physical، social، economic، cultural، management aspects. Any action that insurance human society and natural environment، if is not military approach، it is non – operating defense. Passive defense of urban should be followed prevention rule rather than structural strength principle. Accordingly، should be specified cultural methods (creating of trust، neighborhood principle ….)، economic (joint investments، formation syndicate، creating of joint economic areas between different nationals.)، social (Strengthen cultural and religious links …). research method that has been done by structure – strategic approach is descriptive- analytical and the purpose of research is، presenting of passive safety and security strategies that it is appropriate with geography، economic، social، cultural and …. In shahriar city. Space research is shahriar city that it is subdivision of Tehran province. Researchers have presented operational strategies for safety and security in shahriar city after studying and analyzing of status quo.