جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « شهرداری » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

The ever-increasing population of cities has created many problems for city management. Solving these problems has become a big challenge for urban management. Scientific and research centers and international organizations have introduced the approach of "good urban governance" as the most effective, least costly, and most sustainable method of urban management. Urban governance is a process formed based on the interaction between the official organizations and institutions of the city administration on the one hand, and non-governmental organizations and civil society organizations on the other. This article aims to analyze the feasibility of good governance in the urban management of Maku City by examining the indicators of good urban governance.

 The research method is descriptive-analytical and is of a functional type. The statistical population of this study includes two groups of citizens and experts (municipality and city council). Statistical tests using mean comparison (T-test and ANOVA) were used to analyze the data collected from the questionnaire.  

 The findings of this study are significant. From the citizens' viewpoint, all the indicators of good urban governance are at a low level. However, experts believe that only the participation index is low. Furthermore, all neighborhoods of Maku city are at a low level in terms of good urban governance, with significant differences observed in three indicators: rule of law, justice index, and strategic insight index. In summary, this study's results underscore the urgent need to improve the realization of good urban governance in Maku city.

Innovation: 

This research stands out from previous studies as it comprehensively examines eight indicators of good urban governance, both from the perspective of citizens and experts. The findings of this unique approach can be instrumental in various planning initiatives, particularly those that prioritize the decentralization of the urban management process.

In the last two decades, the concept of organizational citizenship behavior has been widely discussed due to its importance in organizational performance, while less research has examined the external factors affecting it, so this study investigates the impact of citizenship rights awareness on organizational citizenship behaviors as an extra-organizational component through considering the employees working at the municipalities of seven biggest cities of Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran, as a statistical population. This research introduces media literacy as one of the most influential variables on the knowledge, perceptions and attitudes of people in the present time as a moderating variable for the first time in the field of management. Using 3 questionnaires with confirmed validity and reliability, as well as using Pearson correlation coefficient, regression tests, and SEM, the hypotheses of this research were examined and it was concluded that not only awareness of citizenship rights can cause increasing organizational citizenship behaviors in municipality employees, but also media literacy is a significant modifier in this regard. Therefore, managers of organizations should be aware that it is time to pay more attention to extra-organizational factors (beyond the factors of individual behaviors, organizational behaviors and organizational structures) to increase organizational citizenship behaviors while the effective role of media literacy on perception and cognition of employees should not be neglected.

Municipality is one of the necessities of the social system, which is necessarily represented by a structure that is possible only through the intervention of the people. Also, the performance of the municipality, as one of the institutions and perhaps the most important institution in the structure of urban management, has an essential role in citizens' quality of life. In order to measure the performance of the municipality, two major methods, objective and subjective, can be used. In the objective method, the municipality's performance is compared with a series of criteria and standards to determine how close its performance is to the standards, but in the subjective method. It investigates to what extent people are satisfied with the quality of urban services and performance as recipients of services and beneficiaries of plans and programs. Performance evaluation and management is one of the special topics of strategic human resource management and is considered a suitable tool for improving the performance of employees and organizations. Comprehensive and sustainable management of the city will be implemented when the citizens are satisfied with the performance of the municipal organization because citizens' satisfaction with the performance of organizations plays an essential role in improving urban management and increasing the efficiency of urban management. Ardebil city is a metropolis with rural and nomadic roots. It faces challenges in urban life, and we see citizens arguing about the lack of satisfaction with the performance of the municipal organization in providing social, technical, and civil services at the city level. Therefore, according to the statement of the problem, the most important question raised by this research:-How satisfied are the citizens with the performance of the Municipality of Ardabil Region 4?According to the question, the most important hypothesis is that it seems that the citizens of Ardabil are not satisfied with the performance of the municipality's duties in various civil-technical, service, and socio-cultural departments of the municipality.

The research method is descriptive-analytical, and field sampling (survey) has been used to collect the required information. Based on this method, questionnaires were prepared and completed in the target community (citizens living in Region 4 of Ardabil Municipality). In order to measure the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha method was used so that the calculated Cronbach's alpha was equal to 0.82. In this way, it can be said that the distributed questionnaire has high reliability. In addition, the methods of studying documents, books, and sources related to the research topic have been used. The statistical population of the research consists of all the residents of Region 4 of Ardabil municipality, equal to 237,292 people (according to the population and housing census of 2015).The sample size was estimated to be 384 people based on Cochran's formula, and to increase the confidence factor, the sample size was considered to be 400 people. The sampling used in this research is cluster sampling combined with simple random. The way of distributing the questionnaire was that a certain number of alleys were randomly selected in each neighborhood, and then the questionnaires were completed by the alley's residents. In order to analyze the collected data, descriptive-analytical and inferential statistical methods were used. Based on this method, the data collected in frequency distribution and statistical parameters were analyzed and then analyzed using statistical methods of Kendall correlation, Kruskal Wallis, and t-test in SPSS software.

Based on the data collected from the total sample of 420 people, 65% of the respondents are men, and 35% are women. In terms of education level, 42.7% have a university education, 35% have a diploma education, and 22.3% have a school or sub-diploma education. According to these general and detailed indicators, the importance of each of the services provided by the municipality was questioned. Therefore, the Kruskal Wallis test was used to test the hypothesis (the citizens of Ardabil city are not satisfied with the performance of municipal duties in various civil-technical, service, and socio-cultural departments of the municipality) and the importance of each of the municipal duties. According to the obtained results related to the service activities of the municipalities, the activity of timely garbage collection and handling and cleaning of the green space is the most important from the citizens' point of view. According to the municipality's duties in civil and technical activities, the construction and reconstruction of parks are the most important, such as asphalting roads and streets, making predictions, and protecting the region from accidents and natural disasters. They are in the following ranks. Based on the duties and activities that municipalities perform in cultural and social fields, from the citizens' point of view, holding various recreational programs (such as the Nishat system) is the most important, which shows that citizens are changing the structure of municipality only as an organization providing urban services. The results indicate that the level of satisfaction of the citizens with the quality of services and the way of informing the municipality is lower than the limit, but the level of satisfaction with the treatment of officials and employees is average.

The general results indicate a significant difference between the civil-technical, service, and socio-cultural duties of municipalities from the point of view of the citizens of the study area in terms of their importance, so the service duties of the municipality are the most important. This is because citizens are involved with these services daily, and the deficiency of each of them, such as garbage collection, makes their lives difficult. Socio-cultural duties are placed in the next rank, which shows that the citizens do not expect the city management and municipality only to deal with the civil, physical, and service situation but also to provide the basis for social life, citizen relations, and organizing affairs; they require the creation of public spaces and spending leisure time, etc. According to the results, which shows the greatest dissatisfaction of the citizens in the service sector, it is suggested that the responsibility of urban affairs, including the mayors of different areas of Ardabil and the city council, monitor more in this field, both in terms of quantity and quality of services such as Hama. Regarding the socio-cultural duties of the citizens, who did not expect much from the municipality, but since one of the municipality's duties is to meet these needs, it is suggested that the municipality take pragmatic steps in providing leisure facilities, including the development of recreational centers, holding art festivals, etc. In general, to overcome this problem, it is suggested that the municipality take appropriate and coordinated executive measures or city councils, including equipping the mechanized facilities of urban services in the technical, emergency, and general sectors in order to satisfy the citizens in all dimensions for all groups of citizens provide housing for every age, gender, and texture.

There are many challenges ahead for municipalities due to the need for a proper definition of their role in the structure of urban management. The private sector and civil society are essential in achieving good governance, and municipalities need better cooperation. This issue has led to the failure of municipalities in terms of management. This problem prevails in most cities in the country. After more than 90 years of municipal activities (Baladieh) and the city council of Sanandaj (Sena), the city has seen many urban management problems today. One of the main factors causing enormous problems in Sanandaj is the spread of a theory and practice gap between the city administration, the private sector, and civil society. This research is based on the assumption that the main cause of management problems in Sanandaj is weakness in the city in terms of urban good governance components (index). Indeed, this study sought to determine the parameters of good governance in Sanandaj to provide a clear understanding of the status index of urban governance in Sanandaj. This study, in contrast to most previous research, considered a full list of indexes of urban good governance. On the other hand, this study sought to assess the situation of the indices for various regions to clarify the differences in the urban management of Sanandaj in different areas. In the case of weaknesses of each of these indicators in Sanandaj, this research helps provide practical solutions.

Defining the aim of the research has a significant impact on research tools and methods. Research methods depend on the research's purpose, nature, and executive facilities. According to the object and purpose of the research, descriptive-analytical methods were used. In order to gain theoretical insight and literature review, the style library was used. Specifically, it was used for books, articles, statutes, and online references. To obtain field information, questionnaire tools with questions in Likert with 5-item options were used. The questionnaires were distributed among the citizens of Sanandaj, including 19 connected zones and 4 separated urban zones. Questionnaires were distributed among citizens by utilizing the simple random distribution method. The questionnaire also included five kinds of options: too much (5), much (4), medium (3), low (2), and very low (1) scores. Additionally, statistical analysis software was used for the data analysis. The statistical population of the research includes all the inhabitants of the city of Sanandaj, which, according to statistical results, includes a total of 373,987 people in the last public census. The Cochran formula is used to determine the sample size. The sample size was 384, and the methods included their choice and stratified sampling.

To keep track of the desired goals in this study, eight indices among the good governance indexes proposed by the United Nations have been identified and evaluated. These indicators include transparency, efficiency and effectiveness, social justice, legitimacy, accountability, responsibility, responsiveness, participation, and consensus-orientedness. The T-test was used to evaluate urban management's general performance. In this test, the theoretical values of the index were compared with the mean values of each indicator, and the significance and non-significance of each test were conducted. Indeed, this test aims to compare the indices of urban good governance. The results reflect the poor performance of urban management in Sanandaj based on every eight reviewed indices in the pattern of urban good governance. However, it should also be considered that urban management performance in the eight indicators reviewed was almost at the same level. In the case of the assumption that there are differences between urban good governance indexes in different areas of Sanandaj, the test is significant at 95% confidence, and the H0 assumption is verified. This means there are significant differences between different areas of the city regarding urban good governance indices. According to the results of the Tukey test, there are many differences among the urban good governance indices in Sanandaj city. Four urban zones separated around Sanandaj had the weakest status, and during the last few years, they have been added to the city's law limit. Accordingly, the weakest conditions are related to Naysr, Nanaleh, Grizeh, and the Hassan Abad zone. These four zones, considered generally marginalized city areas, have very poor physical and spatial conditions. As a result, the people of these areas view Sanandaj urban management as the main cause of the backwardness of the area. On the other hand, these areas, with a lack of commitment to the urban rules, regulations, and arrangements, create tense conditions among citizens and municipalities. In terms of urban good governance indicators, four urban districts in Sanandaj had very favorable statuses. These areas are zone 22, zone 20, zone 18, and zone 19.

By studying the map of the Tukey test in GIS software, important results concerning the spatial analysis of urban good governance in the City of Sanandaj were found. This means that a certain space pattern dominated Sanandaj's urban management. Accordingly, each attached district surrounding the city of Sanandaj (Naysr, Nanaleh, Grizeh, and Hassan Abad Regions) has horrendous conditions. Northern areas (districts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6) of Sanandaj city, compared to other inside areas, have a bad situation. Western areas (zones 8, 9, 10, and 11) had moderate conditions of urban management of the city based on the pattern of urban good governance. The southern areas are in a very good state compared to other areas.

The subject investigated in this article is expropriation by the government and its related institutions in the light of modern jurisprudential views. Therefore, we have first analyzed the generalities about the municipality and its possessions, and after that we have examined the issue from a jurisprudential and legal point of view. It seems that from the point of view of jurisprudence, bases such as harmlessness, expediency, and such things allow the municipality to acquire, and on the other hand, these bases are an obstacle to the acquisition of this institution. On the other hand, some principles have been proposed in the laws of western countries, including France, and we have entered and applied them in domestic laws. These foundations, which in their most important aspect are public service, public power, and public benefit, have been analyzed in their place.

Monitoring the transactions of municipalities is one of the key mechanisms of good urban governance, therefore, in countries that have a long history of "rule of law", there are usually legal and political mechanisms to monitor these institutions on their income, expenditure and transactions. Considering this issue, this article is looking for an answer to the question, what are the most important damages and loopholes in Tehran Municipality transactions? In this regard, we investigated this hypothesis by using a systemic model: lack of rule of law, corruption, lack of transparency in transactions, lack of responsibility and lack of accountability of city managers, lack of proper and continuous interaction of citizens and urban civil and union organizations with municipalities. and councils, lack of formal and informal monitoring of urban management, lack of supervision and control over financial income and expenditure and municipal transactions in the form of a legal and logical framework and the principles of the rule of law and its supervision among the most important damages and loopholes of transactions It is the municipality of Tehran. This article showed with a descriptive-analytical method that the system model, on the one hand, has a high strategic, practical and knowledge-based capacity to realize good governance in municipal affairs. In this regard, the use of systemic theory in this article is an innovative method in the analysis of legal transactions of Tehran municipality from the perspective of good governance.

The current research was carried out with the aim of the effect of organizational anomics on organizational productivity by explaining the mediating role of organizational commitment in the municipality of Borujerd city.

The method used in this research was a descriptive-survey method and applied in terms of purpose and from the field branch. The statistical population studied was the municipal employees of Borujerd city, whose number is 1100 at the time of the research. Using Cochran's sample size formula, 285 people were selected as a sample by simple random sampling. In this research, the standard questionnaires of Lara and Rodriguez (2007), Hersey and Goldsmith (1980) and Mayer and Allen (1990) organizational commitment were used. In order to check the reliability of the questionnaires, Cronbach's alpha and combined reliability (CR) were calculated, which indicated the satisfactory reliability of the questionnaires.

In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics including: mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum score, and structural equations were used in the inferential statistics section using SPSS version 21 and PLS3 software. The results indicate that organizational anomics has an effect on organizational productivity by explaining the mediating role of organizational commitment in Borujerd city municipality.

Customer involvement (customer engagement) is a communication in business that implies the relationship between customers and stakeholders of the organization through different channels. In this approach, the expansion and improvement of the relationship with customers is emphasized. This participation is not possible unless measures are taken to increase social trust. Customer orientation and customer participation are important issues in municipalities, and customer relationship management systems play an essential role in creating and developing this partnership.The purpose of this study is to validate a model for municipal customer participation based on social trust marketing. This research is a cross-sectional research in terms of data collection method and time period. The statistical population includes all citizens of Tehran. Due to the infinity of the statistical population, the sample size of 384 people was estimated using Cochran's formula and sampling was done by simple random method. Structural equation modeling method and LISREL software were used to validate the municipal customer participation model. Also, the indicators of municipal customer participation have been prioritized by the method of confirmatory factor analysis, validation and by Savara method. The data collection tool was a questionnaire that was validated by construct validity and convergent validity methods. The reliability of the questionnaire was also assessed using Cronbach's alpha and combined reliability. The results show that managing the relationship with municipal customers is effective on social responsibility and establishing social trust. These two categories improve the quality of municipal services and attract social satisfaction of municipal customers. In the shadow of improving the quality and increasing trust and satisfaction, achieving the marketing goals of social trust is achieved and ultimately leads to the participation of municipal customers.

Good urban governance includes a set of functions, processes, and policies that are implemented to provide better services, improve living conditions, and create a suitable urban environment for work and life. The purpose of this research is to investigate the desirability of good urban governance indicators in Karaj. The research is applied, and the method is descriptive-analytical. The data and information were collected from the library, documents, and surveys (using a questionnaire tool). The statistical population of the research is all the experts of Karaj Municipality, and 100 questionnaires were randomly completed. Six indicators were used to measure good urban governance: result orientation, promotion of values, clarification, effectiveness of roles and duties, capacity building, and accountability. To analyze the data, Hotelling's t, ANOVA, and Friedman statistical tests were used. The results of the ANOVA test show a difference in the degree of favorability of governance between the ten districts of Karaj municipality. Hotelling's t-test also shows a difference between the mean of the dimensions of judgment and the desired mean. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that establishing transparency in urban governance can lead to better understanding of citizens' needs and demands, and people will turn to urban management more intelligently and confidently. Overall, the text appears to be grammatically correct and well-written. There are no sentence fragments or run-on sentences, and the subject-verb agreement is consistent. The use of punctuation is appropriate, and the phrasing is clear and concise. The verb tenses are correct and consistent throughout the text. The tone of the text is appropriate for a scholarly audience, and the formatting and citation styles adhere to standard academic practices. There is no evidence of plagiarism or unoriginal wording.

Attracting investment in the urban area is an important and influential factor for the progress and prosperity of the urban economy. Investment in each province is influenced by a set of macro factors of the country and specific factors of that province. If in a society, investment is not made to the required extent, economic growth slows down or stops. In recent years, the necessary platform to attract and support investment has been provided, the ground for increasing the participation of the private sector in the matter of investment in municipalities has been provided, hence the process of attracting capital in the municipality is important and necessary.

This research was based on a mixed exploratory study in which the statistical population in the qualitative section was experts and experts in the field of management model in the municipality and managers in this field, etc., with the criterion sampling method included the criteria of expertise, operational history , teaching, etc., which was achieved after interviewing 11 people, who were selected by the criterion method and based on the principle of saturation. In the quantitative part of this research, 385 municipal employees participated in the research based on Cochran's formula and by purposeful sampling.

The results of exploratory factor analysis in the field of influencing variables on the capital attraction process model in the municipality identified 97 open codes, which were identified by categorizing and centering around the most important category of 33 indicators and 6 main factors. On this basis and based on a semi-structured interview in this field, investor recognition, incentive creation, plan provision, framing, electronic human resource management, innovative strategies, multi-dimensional business structuring, digital leadership, multi-dimensional monitoring. Dynamic process, recognition of capacities, use of resources, experience and knowledge are the most important causal factors; Perceived value and profitability is a central category in attracting capital; Policy model, structural design, Government support, legal model, reducing the risk of cooperation and political factors are the most important contextual factors, Marketing, structure and reconstruction, culture building, structural independence and infrastructure building are the most important strategies and building trust, increasing capacities, organizational profitability, increasing the power and credibility of the organization as a result of the strategies applied based on the perceived value and profitability in Capital attraction is in the municipality.

The identified components have an indicative and significant effect on attracting capital in the municipality. Therefore, this model can be used in the process of attracting capital in the municipality.

The purpose of the research was the comparative study of Iran's citizenship sports with selected countries.. The research method is descriptive-comparative and applied in terms of purpose. done in the field and in a mixed qualitative and quantitative manner. The statistical population included 18 experts in the qualitative section and 18 managers in the quantitative section, including managers and experts in the field of public sports of the Ministry of Sports and Youth and provincial administrations, officials and experts of the federation and the board of public sports, and managers and physical education experts of municipalities. First, 384 people were selected as a sample by stratified random sampling method and based on Cochran's formula by simple random sampling method. Data were collected from the research literature, expert opinions and a researcher-made questionnaire, and in the comparative section of the factors of development of citizenship sports in Spain, England, Norway, Turkey, Hong Kong and Thailand by a Beredi model method that has stages of description, interpretation, proximity and comparison. Is checked. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 10 professors of sports management at the university and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test (α = 0.86). Factors were also ranked by Friedman test. The research model showed that 16 factors in the personal, social, environmental and policy areas are effective on Iranian citizenship sports and the policy factor is the most important.

In the current situation where the country is facing many economic problems and issues in some sectors due to sanctions, taking a step towards a resilient economy in the urban area can be a good platform for proper spending and reducing urban costs, realizing the capacity. The potential of the city, the optimal and timely use of existing opportunities, urban management strategies and the use of creativity and innovation.

Aim of the research:

 The main purpose of this research is to study and explain the pattern of realization of resistance economy in urban management with a cultural policy approach.

The present research is applied from the perspective of the purpose and is considered descriptive-analytical from the perspective of the research method. In this research, a model has been presented through documentary study and with the help of Delphi method and expert opinion. Data analysis was first performed using descriptive statistics.

The proposed model included a cultural policy dimension consisting of 3 components and 51 indicators. Then, for statistical analysis of the data, factor analysis methods were used and the research model was tested by structural equation method. realization of resistance economics in urban management through discourse, awareness and promotion of a culture of saving as components of cultural policy.

The results of the study showed that the obtained model will play an essential role in the realization of resistance economics in urban management through discourse, awareness and promotion of a culture of saving as components of cultural policy.

In countries that enjoy local decentralization, city councils are elected by the people as a local body to expedite social, economic, developmental, health, cultural, educational and other welfare programs. The municipality of each city is the executive arm of these councils. In fact, the municipality implements the policies and decisions of the city council. However, there is always the concern that the municipality to be unable or unwilling to implement these policies. Therefore, the supervision of the city council over the mayor and the municipality is an important and fundamental issue and this study tries to answer this question: How does the city council supervise the municipality and what are the similarities and differences between the city council's supervision of municipalities in Iran and Canada? In response to this question, using descriptive and comparative method, it was concluded that although the government system of the two countries are fundamentally different; the former is a unitary states and the latter is a federal state, but in both countries the mayor is appointed as an executive director by the city council. Therefore, the city council monitors the proper performance of the municipality; a priori, during execution and posteriori. by appointing the mayor, setting policies and programs, appointing municipal officials, approving the budget and municipal transactions, monitoring revenue and expenditure accounts, supervising public services, settling of the budget.

This research compares the efficiency of the municipality and the government in collecting tax based on real estate. The indicators used to measure the efficiency, salary and wages per capita, and current cost, are considered as the input and tax collection per capita (for the renovation tax of municipality) is considered as the output. The statistical population of the research includes the Tehran and Isfahan municipalities and the Iranian National Tax Administration of 29 provinces in the country in the years 2011 to 2021. In order to measure the efficiency, the window data coverage analysis approach has been used. The data used in the research estimated by EMS software. The comparison of the efficiency average in the years 2011-2021 showed that the efficiency ratio of Tehran Municipality compared to the Iranian National Tax Administration of Tehran Province is 1.2 and the efficiency ratio of Isfahan Municipality compared to the Iranian National Tax Administration of Isfahan Province is 2.78.

The abundance of cases in the commissions of Article 100 of the Municipal Law in Iran and their complexity in the manner of adjudication and settlement of disputes between individuals and representatives of public power, the need to amend the relevant laws and regulations in the field of monitoring and dealing with construction violations is inevitable. It seems. This issue is fully and accurately addressed by effective enforcement guarantees and the use of legal leverage, including compliance, demolition, closure, fines and imprisonment in Singapore under the Building Control Act of 1 May 1989 with the latest amendments and additions. Dated March 1, 2019. In addition, violations of legal entities and government agencies have been considered and in some cases, regulation and grievance redressal jurisdiction (Minister-Minister) due to its progressive, innovative and effective Makes it important and necessary to investigate the experiences of this country in managing and dealing with construction violations by amending the relevant laws and regulations, especially Article 100 of 11/27/1345 of the Municipal Law approved on 11/04/1334.