جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « فعالیت های اقتصادی » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

As indicated by review of related literature it canbe said that The development of economic activities through innovation and entrepreneurship seems to affect the quality of life of villagers. In the present study, entrepreneurial and innovative projects that have been implemented in the villages of Nazarabad in various fields were examined. This study aimed to investigate the impact of entrepreneurial personality and innovativeness of economic activities in improving the quality of life of villagers in the villages of Nazarabad in Hashtgerd.

The research method was a mixed-method, in which the grounded theory was used in the qualitative part, and the correlation method was used in the quantitative part. The statistical population of this study was all villagers in the suburbs of Nazarabad city of Alborz province in 2020, and 323 people were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose reliability was calculated using Cronbach’s alpha, and it was 0.87.

The results showed that entrepreneurial personality and innovativeness have a significant relationship with the overall score of quality of life and economic, social, and environmental components of quality of life. In addition, entrepreneurial personality and innovativeness together account for 35% of changes in the quality of life of villagers. Analyses show that entrepreneurship has a greater impact on both the overall score of quality of life and the economic and socio-environmental components than that of innovation.

According to the obtained results, it is suggested to facilitate the establishment of non-governmental organizations supporting entrepreneurship and innovation in rural areas.

Socio-economic and political changes at the national and global levels in recent decades have paved the way for the change in the nature of these relations and the establishment of new relations. Among them are the flow of people, typology, production and the flow of capital. Today, the study of these currents and the analysis of their effects have been considered by researchers. One of the influential aspects of urban-rural relations is the diversity of economic activities of rural households. The purpose of this study is to model the effects of urban and rural relations on the diversity of economic activities of rural households. The type of research is applied and descriptive in nature. The data collection method was library and field (questionnaire and observation) and descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (independent t-test, diagnostic analysis and logistic regression) were used to analyze the data. The statistical population of the study is households living in 21 suburban villages of Dehdasht with a population of 3538 households and using the Cochran's formula, 347 samples were selected and sampling was done randomly. For the operational definition of urban-rural relations, three dimensions of social, economic, physical and environmental, 43 indicators have been used and to study the diversity of economic activities, 17 indicators have been used. Findings show that the economic dimension based on the logistics model with a coefficient (0.687) urban and rural relations has the most impact and the physical dimension with a coefficient (0.201) has the least impact; Therefore, in the final conclusion, it can be said that in the study area, the indicators of the economic dimension of urban-rural relations are effective in creating diversity of economic activities of rural households.

Like rural entrepreneurship, agricultural entrepreneurship with its many benefits and benefits can be a factor in the ability and improved quality of rural women. However, women, and especially rural women, have many challenges and inequality, although they have shaped half of the community to participate in agricultural entrepreneurship activities. Therefore, the present study, as an applied research, seeks to examine the challenges of rural women's participation in agricultural entrepreneurship activities. The present study is applied in terms of purpose, and is part of the quality method. The data collection tool has been structured interview. The statistical population includes female business managers and female entrepreneurs in Khorramabad. Injuries were selected for interviews as an irrational, purposeful and theoretical ghost of 15 female entrepreneurs. Qualitative analysis and interview coding with Max Kioda software were used for data analysis and information. The results of the research on the challenges of rural women's participation in agricultural entrepreneurship activities using coding leading to identifying 42 concepts in open coding, 22 pivotal categories and sub -challenges in the form of core coding, 4 main challenges and challenges in The coding template was selected. Based on coding the challenges of rural women participation in agricultural entrepreneurship activities include 4 general challenges 1) economic/ financial challenges, 2) cultural-social

In this study, the effect of the comparative advantage of different activities on the economic growth of the provinces in the period 2004-2014 has been evaluated. For this purpose, using the statistics of the statistical yearbook of the Statistics Center of Iran and the regional accounts of the Central Bank for 30 provinces, the desired indicators have been calculated. Then, in the form of a dynamic panel model, using the generalized two-stage nonlinear torque technique (GMM), the effect of the comparative advantage of major activities on the economic growth of the provinces is estimated. The results of estimating the models confirm that the three major sectors of agriculture, construction and services have a positive and significant effect on economic growth. The industry, mining and energy sectors have a negative effect on growth. This negative impact can be due to the greater impact of other sectors on growth.

Iran's defense industry, one of the country’s most productive and leading sectors in the field of science and technology,is engaged in the design and production of defense and non-defense products and technologies.According to experts, the Iranian defense industry with the mission to support the armed forces, has shown tremendous ability in this.However, due to the limitations imposed by the economic sanctions, the sector faces major obstacles in reaching its goals.As this case study’s focus is on the Iranian defense industry, it needs to include various sectors, sub-sectors, subsidiaries affiliated with the Defense Industries Organization of Iran(DIOI). The main question is what “Agility Strategies” DIOI must adapt in order to be able to reach its goals and mission? Accordingly, this study uses qualitative approach within the framework of  “Grounded Theory”,in order to identify the aspects of the Iranian defense industry and the economic environment in which it operates. It does so by studying and analyzing available documents, texts and doing interviews with experts and people with the knowledge of the industry.  A model has been designed and presented to show how to make the domestic defense industry “Agile”?. The results show that in order to make these industries “Agile” from an economic point of view, it is necessary to increase speed and flexibility. Moreover, it is of utmost importance to employ intelligence more extensively, have better foresight and increase participation of  related experts and officials.Furthermore, eight factors have been identified which have direct affect on the industry! These include few Contextual factors. Also, intervening environmental factors are known to have indirect affect on the ability of these industries to increase their agility capabilities and to be effective in their economic activities.At last, based on these findings, agility solutions have been proposed.

The diversification of economic activities in rural areas is considered as a strategy where rural households increase their income sources. The villages of Saqez city, despite having high environmental potential and capacity in different sectors, such as agriculture, have a poor livelihood and economic status. Therefore, the present article seeks to answer the following questions: What are the appropriate strategies for diversifying economic activities in the villages of Saqiz? The present study was conducted through descriptive-analytic method. In a survey method, SWOC analysis model and QSPM evaluation matrix, we presented appropriate strategies. To design a strategic model and determine the ranking of factors 20 from experts and also to factor out the factors of 300 villagers in the area. The study sample is selected as sample. The results of the SWOC model show that the existence of an appropriate ecosystem in the region for tourism development, the existence of four climates in the region and the possibility of cultivation in each season, as well as the presence of the leading farmers in the region, are the most important strengths against the weakness of the financial and economic context of many Villagers and traditional exploitation are the most important internal weaknesses for diversifying economic activities in the study area. Also, the results of this model indicate that in the external environment 34 opportunities have been identified, the attention of the authorities to the conversion and complementary industries, the border area and the suitable field for exporting agricultural products to the Iraqi countries, are the most important external opportunities and in contrast to 36 challenges and limitations. The key factors of the migration and exodus of elite educated to Tehran and neighboring provinces, climate change and increasing natural hazards such as floods and droughts are the most important external barriers affecting the diversification of economic activities in the villages of the study area. Also, the results indicate It gives diversification of the activities of the economy The studied villages should be focused on strengths and opportunities.

Aghakhanis are a branch of Ismaili Shi’is, who have a lot of economic activities on the Globe including Pakistan. Thereof, Twelver Shi’ites of Pakistan are in the same interaction; this necessitates the illustration of jurisprudential limits. The present research, aiming this issue and using various sources has introduced economic activities of the sect and following the illustration of the topic, has investigated the jurisprudential rule. The result is permission of primary rule for interaction with Aghakhanis due to general jurisprudential reasoning on interaction with other sects of Shi’a, Sunni and nonbelievers. However, in case the relationship of this sect with the enemies of Islam cause the spread of their culture and their hegemony, the rule of “denying the way (of hegemony)” and independence of Muslims overtakes. On the other hand, if their aid is proved to be for the oppressors, relationship and interactions of the Twelvers with this sect will help and strengthen the enemies of Islam and is impermissible as the second ruling.

The nature of economic activities of a group cannot be explained only by economic factors since these activities reflect social-cultural patterns of their society. Therefore, analyzing the role of social-cultural structures in economic activities is important. The aim of this research is sociological description and explanation of Borojeni people’s economic activities in Ize. In this research, Borojeni people of Ize are called “businessman nomads” and their economic behaviors are analyzed based on mixed embeddedness theory. Theoretical approach of the research is interpretive, its methodology is ethnography and data are collected by reviewing documents, interviews, observations and photography. Sample size is 24 Borojeni and 6 Bakhtiari persons in Ize. Results show that natural, social and geographical characteristics of Bakhtiari tribal culture in Ize have helped the formation of Borojeni’s economic activities; on the other hand, cultural and economic characteristics of Borojeni people and their commercial strategies as “businessman nomads” help them to continue and develop their economic activities.

One of the important strategies for development is diversification into economic activities. Since the village is at the core of the formation of human societies, the issue of the stability of the rural economy is very important. Villages usually have a single-product economy, which causes the villages to retreat from development. So, we should look at ways in which rural economies could be transformed into a dynamic and powerful economy by diversifying the economic activities of rural households. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of diversification into economic activities on the welfare of rural households in the study area. To identify the variables of diversifying the economic activity (independent variable of the research) through theoretical foundations and research background as well as through the interview and guidance of the professors in this field. The statistical population of this study was 8956 rural households living in 11 villages in the district part of Kerman County. Out of these, 384 households were selected through Cochran sampling and 412 households were normalized to normalize the data. Data were collected through a researcher questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (.963). Data were analyzed by SPSS software using T-test single sample, regression and independent T-test. In the analysis, the villages of the study area were compared in terms of economic diversity and welfare. The results obtained from the hypothesis confirm the effect of the diversification into economic activities on the welfare of rural households. In fact, the results indicate that there is a significant difference between the households with and without the diversity of economic activities in terms of welfare. In other words, households with a variety of economic activities experience a higher level of welfare than non-diverse families.

Economic activities in rural areas is influenced by several factor. The geomorphology is one of the most important factors in economic development and the location is rural areas. In this study the effect of geomorphology on the type of rural economic activities Marivan city have been evaluated. This research is based on descriptive and analytical methods and its data library studies and review of the literature and the content and maps and field methods such as questionnaires, interviews and See. Data collection tools Into two categories, field tools include (questionnaires, observation and interviews) and software (arc gis, spss,google earth) are divisible. In this study, first geomorphological map has been prepared and position geomorphological villages been evaluated and then landuse each section separately in connection with the geomorphology factors have been evaluated. In the next step using a questionnaire and the method sampling systematic classification action to collect data have been in the case rural economic activities. The results of the evaluation of data indicates Sarshiv in part due to the mountainous and lack of arable land more people are employed in horticulture and animal husbandry activities And most have migrated to cities. But in parts of Central and Khavmyrabad considering the existence flat arable areas the majority of villagers are engaged in farming and have lower immigration rate.

What is clear is that the sustainability of each village depends on the dynamism and durability of its economy, and therefore the cause of the evacuation and desertification of many villages in the country is the weakness and inefficiency of their economy. The stability of a settlement reflects the equilibrium and dynamism of rural settlements in relation to natural-ecological, socio-cultural, economic and spatial-physical structures. So that it ensures the stability of a settlement during spatial trends - time. In this regard, special attention is paid to paying attention to the village and rural development, and adopting monetary and credit policies for the governments of the Third World Societies, which play the role of facilitating and directing development, Investing and injecting financial resources can play a very important role in fostering rural livelihoods and achieving sustainable rural development. The general approach of this research is quantitative research and in terms of collecting data based on librarian-documentary data and field survey. Field scrolling method. Firstly, for identifying indices and indicators of diversification of economic activities with special emphasis on rural areas, studies related to the field were used. Based on this, components and items of sustainable livelihoods were identified and the basis for designing a questionnaire as the main tool of research in field studies was placed. To increase the validity of the method, the content and formality of the method were used. In this regard, the validity of the research tool was confirmed by a number of experts in the field, then the Cronbach's alpha technique was used for the research tool's sensitivity and 0.905 was obtained, which indicates the appropriate reliability Research tool. To identify the villages studied, the villages first divided into 5 groups of 20-50 households, 10-51 households, 150-101 households, 152-150 households, 250-95 households and 525-500 households. After identifying sample villages, based on the Cochran formula, 300 families were selected and the sample size of the household was determined in proportion to the population of the village. To investigate the relationship between educational variables and number of activities, as well as income and activity variables, Lameda, v Kramer, Goodman and Kruskal tests were used. The results of these tests show that since sig is less than 0.05, then there is a significant relationship between education and the number of activities. As the level of education increases, the number of household activities also increases. Field analysis showed that 123 out of 136 uneducated families with primary education, 123 had one activity and only 12 had two activities. Also, the results of Lameda, V Kramer, Goodman and Kruskal tests show that there is a significant relationship between the number of activities and income increase in the studied villages, which means that households with more economic diversity have higher income. Of the total households surveyed, 204 people have an annual income of 5 million or fewer. All these households have one type of economic activity. The research findings also show that among the 71 households with income levels between 5 and 10 million, 45 have dual activity and 6 have 3 types of economic activities. One of the weaknesses of rural households is that they do not have diverse economic activities and only rely on agricultural activities. The vulnerability of their income and livelihood to shocks (human and natural). For this purpose, Lameda, V Kramer, Goodman and Kruskal tests were used to investigate the relationship between livelihood vulnerability of rural households against shocks and number of activities. The results of these tests show that in the studied villages there is a significant relationship between the number of activities and their livelihood vulnerability to shocks, so that the households, which in addition to the agricultural activities Other side activities are less livelihood vulnerability than households that only have one activity. And there are a number of economic activities in which there is an increase in income, which means that households with more economic diversity have more income. Of the total studied households (68.18%) who had only one kind of activity, their income and livelihoods were affected by (such as drought, floods and pests) climate shocks. Friedman test (rank average) was used to prioritize the key factors affecting the diversification of economic activities from the viewpoint of villagers. The statistical results of the test show that there is a significant difference between the factors at the alpha level of 0.05. The average results of the Friedman test also indicate that the government's support for diversifying activities is ranked first. The diversification of economic activities in rural environments can be seen as a consistent and dynamic process in response to threats and opportunities through which farmers can manage risk and can also increase their income and livelihoods, maintain their livelihoods and ultimately improve their living standards. Descriptive findings show that from the perspective of the sample society, the government's financial support by providing appropriate facilities to farmers, the availability of savings and financial resources for farmers, the purchase of guaranteed crops, horticultural and livestock, government support for entrepreneurship development and intermediary removals When selling products, raising the level of knowledge and knowledge of the people from the affiliated businesses can have the greatest impact on the diversification of economic activities. In confirmation of the descriptive findings, Friedman's test also shows that from the point of view of society, which is the factor of government support for diversification of activities, the second factor that influences the diversification of economic activities from the perspective of the sample population is the financial resources and household savings. In addition, the infrastructure facility for the diversification of economic activities from the perspective of the sample community is in the third place. Physical assets, institutional factors and climatic factors are also ranked next.

The Most poorest of world's communities are most people without land or with little land that mostly live in rural areas Whereas income from agricultural activities in these communities may create employment in the livelihood, Diversity of the rural economy is one of the key issues is essential to pay attention to it. This article attempts for answer to it question that whether the diversification in rural economy can be a tool for achieving sustainable development in rural areas? The research method in this article, is descriptive – analytic method , for data collection were used of two methods field libraries ( questionnaires and interviews ). It also analyzes the data using cluster analysis, Rural Settlement stable levels in three dimensions of economic, social and environmental by 36 indicators was determined in relative scale. The results of the 35villages questionnaire and 295 households questionnaire show that Only 8.8% of rural settlements were investigated, The three dimensions are stable and 44.1 percent of them were stable moderately stable and 47.1 unstable groups. The results of analysis of One-way variance show that The score average of diversification of economic activities 38.6 percent , in Metastable villages 30.7 percent, and in villages of unstable is 27.5 percent. In order to more accurate evaluate of the relationship between sustainability and diversity was used Pearson correlation. Studies show that the relationship between stability and direct diversity was to the place 0.77 percent which is extremely strong. According to thisresults show that Diversification of economic activities in rural areas can be Sustainable of settlements and thus boost rural sustainable development.

The study of importance and role of women participation in Iranian economic areas leading to target setting and policy making in women affairs are among the significant issues of the country. Thus, in the present study, the researchers are to, within the framework of a historical research, elaborate on the economic status of the women during Qajar era, as a historical period, in which the women presence in the society was highlighted because of the emergence of "Constitutional Movement". Accordingly, having used the library method and internet research, the researchers have analyzed the information obtained from historical evidences and studies conducted before. In this research, the economic presence of women in the intended era has been analyzed in form of modern day occupations and then classified based on a new method of classification. Under the classification and based different classes of society during the era, different aspects of women activities have taken into consideration in areas of political, social and subsistence economy

With respect to the role of the uncertaity of oil price in the Iran's economy, this study analyzing the response of economic activity and monetary policy to oil shocks on the Iran's economy by using structural vector autoregressive model(SVAR) and impulse response functions techniques in Iran for 1990-2014 periods. The results indicate that a shock in oil price uncertainty and increase fluctuations in oil prices caused adverse reactions in economic and industrial growth. Also results indicate that an oil price uncertainty and increase fluctuation in oil prices cause the direct reaction from inflation and liquidity as indicators of monetary policy. In other words, the long-term effects there are an inverse relationship between oil price uncertainty and increase fluctuations with economic growth and industrial growth, as an indicator of economic activity. Also, there is a direct relationship between uncertainty and fluctuation of oil price (in total long-term effects), price index and monetary aggregates.

Quality, relevance and necessity of keeping religion and politics in Iran Srsasany, consequences and implications in contemporary society, which caused directly or indirectly, in the social, historical events and social activities of the people of that era, was impressive .Institution of religion and priestly class, as the custodians of morality and beliefs of society, before explaining a particular worldview and interactions, and their approach, which brought about the elimination of opponents and rivals closed society, the maximum advantage of the features and benefits of the material and spiritual realms monopolize economic and social groups very angry violent encounter with priests and religious movements and social movements, religions competing non-aligned and mastery of the sources of power and wealth in the form of official religion of Zoroastrianism and escort agencies and crown Sassanian era and function of various temples ,to the extent that the higher social classes, the vulnerable population in the course of development and Universal justice .This research is to investigate ways of using library compilation and analysis of historical data,while enjoying a variety of sources, Sassanid open position in society of priests and already the focus of economic activity and the priests, the political and economic structure of the Sasanian induction .part of the political and economic structure of the induction of the Sassanids, and the two-part historical identity, culture and history from ancient times to the ground in last place inductive reasoning . The results indicate that the priests in addition to cultural activities, social and faith on the symbolic dominance of economic activity and a major portion of the proceeds raised and contributed to the economic cycle.

Hamadan has long been the host of relatives and followers of different religions, including Jews. Geographic and economic position of Hamadan has located it over the Economical and Commercial path of Mesopotamia, and that was why the Jews during the Qajar period considered it as the center of their economic activities in the west of Iran. Population density and relative freedom of Hamedan Jews in the Qajar period such as trade with Mesopotamia, Medicine, and selling the antique things, caused their economic activities to achieve a significant progress; although these activities were continually impressed by how their relationship with the Muslim majority was, and international events, such as World War I. Authors, by using a historical approach and relying on classical sources, itineraries and documents has tried to have an overview of the situation of Jews in Hamedan, in particular, the economic activities of the Jews in the Qajar period and its impact on their social status. This research has been done on the basis of historical data.

 The experiences of developed countries showed that economic development with emphasis on irregular use of environment would make serious problems on sustainable development. Increasing energy consumption is one of the main factors contributing in emissions of greenhouse gas. One of the main sectors of energy demand and thus contributing to greenhouse gas emissions is household sector, so this paper examines the share of households in Yazd province to CO2 emissions.  Using the extended input-output data tables with 20 parts, the analysis results are discussed. The results show that the Carbon dioxide emissions from household natural gas consumption with a share of 70 percent is in the first and kerosene with 20% share is in the second place. It has been observed that the amount of direct propagation coefficient in carbon emissions is equal to 0/121826664 Million Rails which mean that for every million rails demand in the household sector 0/121826664 Carbon dioxide gas is released.

The experiences of developed countries represent that economic development emphasizing on the irregular use of environment would make serious problems on sustainable development. Economic activities are accompanied with the increase of energy consumption and emissions of greenhouse gas. By considering the importance of Economic activities in developing countries, the relationship between economic activities and pollution will be so important. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the linkage between Economic activities and air pollution using input-output table in Yazd province. Yazd province had 1.3% of total value added in 2006. The results show that the sectors by the highest pollution are basic metal production (40%) and transportation (35%).