جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "مسائل کلامی" در نشریات گروه "علوم انسانی"

The present study seeks to identify the mistakes in solving mathematical verbal problems in deaf and hard-of-hearing students who have completed elementary school.

For this purpose, interviews were conducted with eight hard-of-hearing and deaf female students in 7th grade with using a qualitative approach and a task-based interview method. After conducting and implementing interviews, identifying errors, and classifying them based on Newman's framework, subcodes of errors were explained by comparative and inductive content analysis. According to the findings, 17 reading errors (4.39%), 63 comprehension errors (34.61%), 39 conversion errors (21.42%), 50 processing skill errors (27.47%) and 22 decoding errors (17.05%) were identified.

Overall, results showed that deaf and hard-of-hearing students who participated in this research were unable could not to apply mathematical algorithms to solve textbook problems and in realworld conditions. They had problems understanding a real-world situation correctly and formulating it in mathematical terms.

The recommendations to help the students’ problems in solving verbal problems have been outlined. Therefore, it is recommended to modify the textbooks and adjust teaching styles to suit students with special needs.

Discovering Abhari's innovations in the field of metaphysics and theology and determining his historical position in these two fields depend on the typology of philosophical and theological issues in his thoughts. This research studies: 1. problemology (posing and developing philosophical and theological problems); 2. Determining the position of raising problems; 3. Knowing the approaches accepted by Abhari and 4. Classifying his works and finding out their similarities or changes. Based on the findings of this study, Abhari’s philosophical works can be classified into three levels; in terms of content, the works in the first and second levels owe much to the prevailing tradition of writing philosophy, but the works in the third level manifest critical encounters with the views of the Aristotelian-Sinaitic system as well as some of the ideas of Fakhr-e Razi; however, these critical positions have not led to the development of innovative ideas in the field of metaphysics. Abhari's intellectual paradigm is peripatetic, although he is inclined to some of Sheikh Ishraq's views, such as the analysis of perception and some issues of the soul. Ontology, issues related to the obligatory, and the study of the theologians' methods are three important areas in Abhari's metaphysical works. In his theological monograph, Abhari is influenced by the theological principles of Ash'ari. But in most philosophical works, he deals with the issue by adding a chapter to the critique of the principles and issues of Ash'arite theology, including: possible existential identity and contingent accident, the reversibility of non-existent, critique of philosophical determination and the issue of intellects and souls. Abhari, the philosopher, can be considered as a critical thinker, not an innovator of new ideas; however, his role in writing educational materials with a revisionist approach is valuable.

The purpose of the present study is to identify the challenges of students with learning difficulties in solving mathematical word problems based on working memory function. The subjects of this study were 7 students (2 girls and 5 boys), aged 7 to 8 years, who were identified as learning disabled in the Learning Disabilities Center of Takestan City, and voluntarily participated in this study. At the beginning, the forward spatial span, backward digit span, and forward digit span tests from the WISC-IV (Kamkari and Shokrzadeh, 2013) were applied to determine the working memory capacity of the students. Then, these students participated in the task-based interview and answered the "arithmetic" test items from Kamkari and Shokrzadeh (2013). After transcribing the recorded interviews, the data were analyzed using inductive content analysis. The results showed that students face five major challenges in solving word problems, which are "relying on fingers to calculate", "difficulty in performing mathematical operations", "difficulty in storing information", "difficulty in understanding the questions", and "difficulty in paying attention and concentration". The results of this study suggest that these students' greatest challenge in solving word problems is related to the defect of the phonological loop of working memory. Thus, it seems that students resort to the visuospatial sketchpad to compensate for this defect, which in turn leads to a greater strengthening of working memory. To strengthen the phonological loop, verbal working memory interventions are recommended, such as training mental repetition, repeating spoken sentences, listening to children's stories and poems in preschool.

The rule of “essential necessity” (wudjūb-e bil-thāt) which could be named also as the rule of “Necessity of being” (wudjūb-e wudjūd), because of its role in proving the principles and bases of the Islamic religion, is one of the most important rules of kalam. Research about the realm of the efficacy of this rule in kalami discussions will show that in which issues of the kalami issues it is functional and to which extent the Imamiyyah theologians used it to prove the belief teachings. By using the library method and with a reporting-analytic approach, the present research explored in detail the different functions of the rule of “essential necessity” in the Imami kalami heritance and clarified that this rule is functional in proving the divine perfect attributes and in negating the negative attributes of the divine holiness, and the Imami theologian many times used it in the discussion of monotheism and its related branches.

Given the fact that “modeling and applications” and learning them at school and University can better illustrate the application of mathematics in science, technology, and daily life, creating opportunities for students in order to broaden their modeling skills is one of the prominent topics in the mathematics education studies. Hence, in this research, 244 grade 10 female students were taught mathematical modeling problems through two teaching methods the direct teaching method which is teacher-centered, and the operative-strategic method which is student-centered. This study was conducted in 3 private high schools in Mashhad on the first semester of 2013-2014 academic year. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of teaching mathematicalmodeling problems through two different teaching methods on the students’ flow experiences in various mathematical problems (modeling problems,word problems andintra-mathematical problems).The research method was quantitative of quasi-experimental type. Data were gathered by a flow perception questionnaire in the Likert scale. The statistical analysis of the data using a repeated measures ANOVA Type II test indicated that teaching mathematical modeling problems had a beneficial effect on the students’ flow experiences in the real-world problems. In addition, the student-centered environments were good platforms for students to gain these positive experiences. Therefore, using modeling activities by teachers to make students interested in mathematics is important and necessary.

The main purpose of this research is to analyze the errors of the experimental fourth-grade students in solving word problems based on the Newman's error analysis model in Semirom city. The statistical population of this study included all the experimental fourth-grade students in Semirom in the academic year of 2016-2017, which were 160 people and among them, 120 people were selected through Cochran sampling and stratified random sampling method proportional to the volume. This research is applicative in terms of purpose, and is descriptive correlational, in terms of implementation. The data gathering tool was a standard and researcher-made test with 6 questions and a qualitative interview. The findings of this study showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between reading, understanding, converting, processing and encoding errors with students' performance. Correlation coefficient also showed a positive and significant relationship between conceptual and applicative structures, and there is a positive and non-significant relationship between conceptual and computational structures as well as, there is a negative and significant relationship between applicative and computational structures. The highest prevalence of student errors was in the first three phases of Newman's errors (non-mathematical literacy).

The present research was conducted with the aim to study the performance of 8th grade students while solving word problems of linear equation emphasizing on Nowman error analysis. . In this research, descriptive-survey method was used, of quantitative type. The statistical universe consisted of 250 girl and boy students studying in Khalkhal school, from which 152 students were selected through two-stage cluster sampling technique and using Cookran's formula. The research instrument consisted of 6 researcher-made questions in addition to interviewing. The validity of questions was confirmed through CVI technique while its reliability was confirmed by employing Cronbach's technique. Research results indicated that the students in both groups (boys and girls) have trifle knowledge in solving word problems of linear equation. They made several mistakes while solving the problems, the highest of which in both groups belonged to reading and under sting of the proems respectively with %69 in boys and %77 in girls. Also independent t-test showed that most of students don't understand the basic terms used to solve such problems and as a result most of them are unable to understand the problems.

In this paper, mathematical applications in balance-sheet management were examined, based on mathematical word problems, to provide asset-liability management reporting in a developmental bank. After reviewing the importance of balance-sheet management in banks, introducing development bank, the literature ant theoretical basis about mathematics word problems and applications of mathematical modelling in assets and liabilities management, two case of word problems (arithmetic and algebraic) were examined in balance-sheet management in which mathematical representing and modelling were used to solve problems, respectively. Then the results were interpreted in financial field. The results revealed mathematical representing and modelling helps to interpret balance-sheet information for managing assets and liabilities in a developmental bank. Regarding the results, balance-sheet management can be observed from the perspective of mathematical word problems. Therefore, it can result a more accurate interpretation of balance-sheet data in banks, based on accurate expressing mathematics and analysing problems in the real world. This sheds light on the necessity of giving attention to mathematical applications in balance-sheet management. Finally, it is recommended that in future research, conceptual understanding mathematics examine in solving word problems as balance-sheet management among users in such a way that understanding those concepts led to an increase in applying mathematics in finance affairs and consequently, accurate analysis and evaluation of financial data.

During the Prophet's mission, intellectual and theological thoughts did not challenge Muslims, but with his death, following the widespread political and social developments that the Islamic society saw, theological Issues were sometimes not only seen as a Muslim's belief, but also as a symbol of a divided stream from the unified Islamic Ummah. Meanwhile, Imam Ali (AS) was dismissed from the government and the field got tight for him, because the government is just one of the shades of Imamate, During the time of departure, he expressed correct theological ideas and when he took control of the government, he did not hesitate to identify the deviations of thought and the expression of the correct belief. Nahj al-Balaghah, reflects a corner of these confrontations, therefore, this research with the descriptive and analytical method, is going to the answer to this question which is the most important theological issues of Imam Ali (AS) and his approach with the theological problems in the Nahj al-Balaghah. The research findings indicate that Imam (AS) with three instruments of the Quran, tradition and reason was faced the challenging theological subjects: Imamate, Disbelief and belief, Arbitration in religion, predestination, likeness and dislikeness

A number of recent researches which indicate the primary school children's abilities in algebra, along with a variety of researches that show the upper grade student's difficulties in traditional algebra curriculum, have led to the emergence of a newborn domain of inquiry, i.e., early algebra. The main challenge of early algebra is to find the appropriate way of including it in primary school math curriculum. Using the early algebra research literature, this paper suggests four appropriate mathematical contexts for algebraization at primary school level: word problems, patterning, conceptualization of equal sign and generalization of arithmetic rules. In this paper, while explaining these contexts, they would be used as a framework for the analysis of algebra content of primary school math textbooks. Content analysis of the textbooks showed that despite the several opportunities for algebraization in these textbooks, they were not used to the benefit of algebraization. Also, this paper presents some suggestions for the reviewing of the textbooks’ content based on the suggested framework.

"New theology" is one of the approaches arose from the historical-thought background in the modern time developments, and is one of the contemporary humanistic attitudes that until now it brought about many encounters in the realm of our religious and domestic studies as well. One of significant encounters in this regard is the question pertaining to the nature of new theology that wither the characteristic of "new" belongs to theology itself or it is an accidental matter. Some scholars regarded the newness as inescapable and as a demand of the time as so far that some regarded the old theology and new theology as having two separate identities. The other view that is counted as the main stream between the new theology researchers in seminaries and universities sees the two in one continuation; that is the new theology is the developed form of the old theology and its continuation with some differences in components and effects such as method, bases and language. The third point of view is that of the first generation of the Islamic seminary Mutakellemum that believes that the difference is in the issues, not in nature. At the end, appropriate to the necessities of the religious community, this writingsuggested a new approach as "the practical theology".

The main purpose of this paper is introducing modelling and application as a research domain in mathematics education through reviewing related literature. The first purpose of this review is to give a more clear meaning of modelling and application، and base on that، makes the distinction between modelling in mathematics education & modelling in other scientific domains. There are some other terms like Numeracy; Quantitative literacy; Mathematization and Word Problems that with some tolerance، are taken as equivalent term to modelling. However، modelling has salient differences with every one of them. Second purpose of this paper، is to introduce modelling cycle and its steps. Third، some researches who are working in the domain of modelling and application will be reviewed and then methodology and results of one of them will be mentioned. Finally، several open research questions for future research in the domain of modeling and application will be announced.

Today، it is necessary to determine the frontiers of sciences and to specify the weight of new knowledges، as new science or continuation of the same former science. Scholars have different viewpoints about the relationship between «Traditional Kalam» and «New Kalam». On the one hand، some hold that they are separate sciences with two different natures that differ from each other in all sides، even subject and goal; and on the other hand، most Scholars believe that there is no difference in nature between them and they maintain that «New Kalam» is continuation of «Traditional Kalam» and it''s Stage of perfection، in some or all sides. This essay emphasizes the difference between «New Kalam» and «New Theology» and different origin of them، as well as it examins and criticizes «New Kalam» approaches in a scientific and logical method and tries to reach a theory that is more close to right. Finally، the result of this effort is to selection the theory of the similarity between «New Kalam» and «Traditional Kalam» in nature، but renewal of «kalam» occurs in some sides.

Philosophy of theology is one of the attributed philosophies that has come to the attention of scholars in the present century. Although western scholars have previously worked on this subject and have paid more attention to it, but recently Muslim scholars have studied this subject as well and have not neglected it. Philosophy of theology looks externally at theology's discussions and themes and offers a descriptive- analytic report of them. This article is a summary of the author's notes in this topic. I have tried to briefly report some of the related discussions in which the correlation between theology and other sciences is more elaborated.