همه گیری

Participatory urban planning aims to increase citizen involvement in urban decision-making and requires tools for analyzing vast amounts of textual data. This study investigates the application of Natural Language Processing (NLP) in analyzing citizens' opinions regarding urban development plans.

Using content analysis methods and machine learning algorithms, opinions collected from social media platforms were analyzed. The results indicated that NLP can accurately identify sentiments, main topics, and patterns present in citizens' comments.

These findings suggest that NLP can serve as a powerful tool to enhance the decision-making process in urban planning. However, limitations such as informal language and the presence of specialized terminology in comments indicate a need for further development of NLP models.

Decision-makers benefiting from the benefits of new big data technologies to improve national decisions in various fields, including decision-making cases in the field of national security, play a significant role in faster reaching the goals of the country's upstream documents. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify strategies for organizing national big data to support cross-sectoral decisions and cases that have an effect on the fate of the country in areas such as national security or in the direction of developing and improving national security with a mixed approach. This research has a mixed approach (qualitative and quantitative) in terms of method. The type of research is applied-developmental. In the qualitative part, 358 documents from the upstream documents of Iran and international organizations, regional organizations, national documents of other countries and scientific documents and articles, have been examined by the Meta-synthesis method. The sample size of the statistical population includes 20 selected experts, with a master's degree and above and acceptable executive experience; Data collection was done by two library and field methods Sampling and a Semi-Structured Questionnaire. The findings were analyzed with two methods Qualitative Content Analysis and the SWOT model; Base on this methods, five main components of organization were presented(“Data Governance”, “Policy Making and Strategic Planning”, “Education, Research and Innovation”, “Stakeholders” and “Providing Infrastructure”). Based on the identified strategic position, 8 strategies were approved by the experts, of which the strategy of “establishing native specialized big data working groups and laying the foundation for national projects to organize big data under the data sovereignty of the Islamic Republic of Iran in accordance with national values and Islamic ethics and scientifically documenting experiences for teaching in the country’s scientific and academic centers” and “researching, developing and expanding the competitive market of modern big data technologies and using all domestic and foreign capacities for the localization and increasing use of such technologies in the integrated national big data infrastructure” respectively received the highest points in the Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM), and the next six strategies were ranked third to eighth. In this regard, a proposal has been made to establish a “National Strategic Information Organization” under the joint supervision of the Supreme Council for Cyberspace of IRI and the Supreme Council for National Security of IRI

The objective of this study is to identify the cognitive neuroscience components related to problem-solving in individuals with different cultural backgrounds.

 This study followed a qualitative approach, utilizing semi-structured interviews. The sample consisted of 22 participants from Tehran, with diverse cultural backgrounds. Data were collected through individual interviews and analyzed using Nvivo software. The data analysis followed a thematic analysis approach and continued until theoretical saturation was achieved.

The results revealed that cognitive components such as problem-solving strategies, creative thinking, problem analysis, and learning from past experiences directly impacted the quality of problem-solving. Additionally, information processing and decision-making were identified as key cognitive neuroscience components. Cultural differences also played a significant role in the selection of strategies and information processing. Participants from collectivist cultural backgrounds tended to prefer group-based methods, while individuals from individualist backgrounds favored independent strategies.

This study demonstrates that both cognitive neuroscience components and cultural differences simultaneously influence the problem-solving process. Understanding these components can enhance problem-solving methods at both individual and group levels and can be valuable in the design of educational and multicultural counseling programs.

The main purpose of this study is to identify the various aspects of the Justice and Progress Fund and delineate its directions in the future. In fact, the important goals of this study are to evaluate the strengths and criticisms of the Omid Entrepreneurship Fund, to identify ways getting out of the bottlenecks of the Omid Entrepreneurship Fund, to present competing alternatives to the Justice and Progress Fund, to present the advantages and bottlenecks and limitations of the Justice and Progress Fund, and to identify solutions for the implementation of the Justice and Progress Fund.

The methods used in this research are descriptive, evaluation, content analysis and comparative studies. From the point of view of aim, the research is an applied and developmental type. The tools of this study were a researcher-made questionnaire, interviews and library and documentary studies. The data were collected as a library work by using the theses, scientific and research papers as well as conference articles on the sites of Magiran, academic jihad database and scientific and research magazines of the ministers. Latin references were also used for their scientific and research articles cited on the google scholar site. To collect the research data, after making the necessary arrangements with the managers, experts and elites in the field, the research questions were provided to them in the form of a questionnaire. In total, 55 experts were selected using the snowball sampling method.

The results of the investigations show that the low cost of creating the fund (the structure, facilities and hardware of the Omid Entrepreneurship Fund), the alignment and sometimes overlapping of the goals of the Justice and Progress Fund with the goals of the Omid Entrepreneurship Fund, the possibility of holding provincial officials accountable for the optimal and efficient use of resources allocated, and the possibility of proposing and applying new financing models and leveraging them have been the most important strengths and opportunities of the Justice and Progress Fund. On the other hand, the lack of transparency in grants in paragraph (a) of note (18) have caused weaknesses such as the application of taste, lack of giving and receiving reports, replacing relationships and connections instead of regulations, eliminating economic justification in activities, and creating rent and corruption in the country.

Conclusions and policy implications: 

One of the most important results of the current research was determining the tasks and clarifying the direction of the Justice and Progress Fund in the future. Therefore, in a process of identifying dualities of orientation, an attempt has been made to prepare the basis for developing a conceptual model to form the Justice and Progress Fund.Based on the summation of the opinions of managers and elites in this field, the research groups of the Development and Foresight Research Center, the Management and Planning Organization of the provinces of the country, and the expert opinion of the researcher based on the different parts of the article, and the opinions of all the interviewed people, the two options of continuing the Omid Entrepreneurship Fund and creating the Iran Justice and Progress Fund were taken into consideration. Although the Justice and Progress Fund has been examined in detail as the main idea of this research and placed in the center of attention of the study, the continuation of the Omid Entrepreneurship Fund is proposed as another option based on the opinions of experts in this field. The disadvantages of the Omid Entrepreneurship Fund have been evaluated to be far more than its merits. In general, based on the evaluations of growth and development funds and the views and opinions of experts and managers, it is possible to realize the Justice and Progress Fund. The key orientations in the design of the Justice and Progress Fund include emphasis on providing financial resources for non-governmental and second-optimal projects with specific criteria and conditions, creating financial leverage to use private sector resources, supporting businesses with high added value, supporting bases of investment and provision of facilities, financing small and medium-sized projects, emphasis on the method of providing domestic financial resources, allocation of facilities to projects based on prioritizing economic growth (realization of 8 percent growth) based on the national spatial development document, focusing on limited and specific goals, decentralizing and increasing the authorities of the Provincial Planning and Development Council, strengthening the local government, and the management and planning of the organization as a custodian institution.The coordinates of the Progress and Justice Fund are proposed in this section in the areas of activity limits, realization and monitoring, how to provide financial resources, how to allocate facilities to plans and projects and management structures (powers and infrastructure) among them some are mentioned:Completing and developing the production infrastructure in the provinces, developing transparent and program-oriented mechanisms for the allocation of financial resources of the Fund, emphasizing the provision of financial resources for non-governmental and second-optimum projects with specific criteria and conditions (allocating a maximum of 10 percent of the Fund's resources to governmental projects with high physical progress), creating a separate account in the province to inform the governors of the amount of resources and expenses in the fund, decentralization and increasing the authorities of the Provincial Planning and Development Council (allocating the fund resources to the provinces), further opening the path to the formation of the local government and the proposed trustee body for the Justice and Progress Fund, planning and budget organization of the country and at the provincial level, and altering the management and planning organization of the provinces into a provincial planning and development council (because the chairmanship of the council is the governor’s task; while enjoying the cooperation and support of the governors, the development priorities of the province will also be taken into account).

Teaching with a divine-cultural orientation is one of the most effective methods for fulfilling the educational and moral role of an instructor in a spoken format. This approach involves teaching specialized subjects to students in a way that brings them closer to understanding God, practicing faith, and fostering self-confidence. The necessity of teaching through this approach lies in the fact that students, while acquiring knowledge, also strengthen their faith. This, in turn, leads to university graduates becoming more devout and faithful than they were at the time of their admission. Therefore, one of the most essential actions in this regard is teaching with a divine-cultural orientation. Teaching with divine-cultural orientation pursues goals, including teaching for the sake of God, teaching science with ethics and education, as well as educating the student in a way that applies his science to serve mankind and his peace, comfort and excellence.  Heart belief, interest and skill of the teacher are the prerequisites of teaching with divine-cultural orientation; without heart belief and inner desire, the use of this teaching method is useless and sometimes destructive.  The teacher can use various methods to express religious content during the course discussions, including divine-cultural connection and detachment.  In this article, efforts are made to present methods for teaching the concept of function in general mathematics with this divine-cultural approach.

Historians have often disagreed on the birth and death dates of the Infallibles. the Prophet, his daughter Fāṭima, and the twelve Shiite Imams), with multiple conflicting reports appearing in historical sources. However, accurately determining these dates is crucial for understanding historical events, particularly the words and actions of these figures and the circumstances of their time. This study, drawing on the works of early scholars and various classical sources, examines and analyzes ten different reports regarding the birth date of Amīr al-Muʾminīn ʿAlī. The findings indicate that the most reliable report places his birth on Sunday, the 7th of Shaʿbān in the 30th year of ʿĀm al-Fīl. Moreover, considering the pre-Islamic practices of nasīʾ. calendar intercalation) and leap-year adjustments, this report can be reconciled with accounts that place his birth on the 5th of Dhū al-Ḥijjah. Additionally, the widely accepted date of his birth on the 13th of Rajab is shown to be a weak and disconnected report. mursal; that is, lacking a connected chain of transmission), contradicting both the well-established historical accounts of the year of his martyrdom and the accurate reckoning of his lifespan. The prominence of this date, as the study argues, stems from its formalization during the Safavid era and, like the other disputed reports, lacks historical credibility.

Based on higher ladder theory, the present study is an attempt to evaluate the relationship between CEO overconfidence and company performance. This study also examines the moderating role of board independence in this context. Using the considered limitations. 141 companies were selected as the research sample in the period of 2016-2022. In order to test the research hypotheses, multivariate linear regression based on panel data has been used. . The empirical results of this research show that there is a positive and significant relationship between CEO confidence and company performance. CEOs with high self-confidence tend to make fast and experimental decisions and reduce the company's low investment problems and are more inclined to increase the overall performance of the company. Furthermore, the results show that independent board directors can turn the positive relationship between CEO overconfidence and firm performance into a negative relationship due to their limited knowledge of the industry and business. In fact, independent directors, as independent board members, may not be fully familiar with industry and business dynamics. They often take the main decisions of the company when necessary and therefore tend to reject the financial and investment proposals of the CEO. This may lead to a decrease in the financial performance of a company in the long run.

Examining the influential components of any country's foreign policy can be instrumental in explaining and advancing its international objectives. One of the most crucial components influencing a country's foreign policy is the individual executing the predetermined policies in the realm of foreign affairs. To delve into this matter, it is essential to analyze the political personality and mindset of the policy executor in the field of foreign policy.This study aims to examine the character of Martyr Haj Qasem Soleimani and its influence on the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the West Asia region, seeking to elucidate the impact of influential individuals on the proper execution of foreign relations. This research employs a descriptive-analytical method within the theoretical framework of "Rosena's Continuity Model" and "Political Psychology Theory," utilizing data collection techniques based on library resources.The findings reveal that Soleimani's charismatic, devout, loyal, intelligent, and prudent personality, combined with his legal authority in regional foreign policy, has contributed to establishing peace in the region and advancing the objectives of the Islamic Revolution in foreign policy.

The outcome of Operation Valfajr 8 shifted the balance of the war in favor of Iran. The main reason for success in this operation was the surprise of the Iraqi army in the Faw region. The research questions are: What factors contributed to the surprise of the Iraqi army? In what dimensions was the Iraqi army surprised? To what extent was the Iraqi army surprised? And finally, how significant was the surprise of the Iraqi army in the victory of Operation Valfajr 8?This research is descriptive-analytical in nature and was conducted through the examination of books, documents, and records, along with interviews and questionnaires to gather the necessary information. The findings indicate that factors such as information security, deceptive operations particularly in the Hoveyzeh marshes, support operations especially in the Amal-al-Rasas region, river-crossing tactics, breaching operations, rapid execution of operation phases, and weather conditions on the night of the operation were significant in surprising Iraq in Operation Valfajr 8. The timing of the operation also contributed to this surprise to some extent.The Iraqi army was completely surprised strategically and operationally, and to a large extent tactically, in Operation Valfajr 8. The level of surprise was so high that it was considered the most important factor in the operation's success. The impact of the surprise on the Iraqi army was such that, had Iraq not been surprised with all its capabilities, Iran's victory in this operation would not have been possible.

Decision-making is a foundational element in both individual and organizational contexts, drawing significant scholarly attention in the field of management. Theories in decision-making are underpinned by foundational assumptions that stem from differing ontological and epistemological paradigms. Thus, exploring the critical topic of decision-making through the lens of Iranian-Islamic texts gains particular importance in addressing these theoretical underpinnings. This study aims to examine the structural components of decision-making based on the thought of Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi. The research methodology integrates several layers: interpretive in terms of paradigm; exploratory in terms of logic; qualitative in terms of strategy; case study in terms of research method; descriptive-exploratory in terms of its methodological nature; document-based in terms of data collection tools; and thematic analysis as the analytical approach. Through this methodology, the research identified 224 descriptive codes, 28 interpretive codes, and 6 overarching themes: 1.Attention to Divine Will, 2.Decision and Action, 3.The Role of Divine Influence in Decision-Making, 4.Growth through Decision-Making, 5.Errors and Failures in Decision-Making, 6.Determination in Decision Implementation. The exploration of the structural components of decision-making, as inspired by the thought of Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi, contributes to the enrichment of existing theoretical frameworks in the field of decision-making.

This study examines the impact of using quantum intelligence in simulating futures scenarios in strategic management. Given the complexity and uncertainties in business environments, simulation models that leverage quantum intelligence can help managers predict possible futures and make more efficient strategic decisions. The research data was collected from semi-structured interviews with experts in the fields of quantum intelligence and strategic management. The research results show that the use of quantum intelligence algorithms allows organizations to simulate different future scenarios with greater accuracy and design more effective strategies. Also, this research identifies the challenges and opportunities of using this technology in strategic decision-making and provides models for improving the scenario simulation processes.

This article deals with the design of intelligent mind maps to develop creativity in strategy management. Given the complexities of business environments and the need for innovation in strategic decision-making processes, this study identifies the role and importance of mind maps in enhancing organizational creativity. In this study, mind maps are introduced as a tool to facilitate creative thinking and strategic decision-making. The results of the study show that the use of intelligent mind maps can help improve strategic thinking skills and increase creativity productivity in organizations. The study also showed that implementing mind maps in strategic processes helps organizations to better understand their competitive situation and design more effective strategies. Therefore, the use of this tool is recommended especially in organizations that seek to improve and develop their strategies.

The aim of the present study was to compare the executive functions of children with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) with an emphasis on response inhibition, organization, and decision-making/planning with healthy peers. The current study was a descriptive and causal-comparative study, and our statistical population included all children with DMDD and normal children in Tabriz between the ages of 8-12 years. With the cooperation of one of the psychological clinics, after screening by clinical diagnostic interview based on DSM-5, 30 children with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder were selected by available sampling. A number of 30 normal children were matched with the patient group by random sampling in terms of age and gender. The data was obtained with the Coolidge neuropsychological and personality scale, a parent-as-respondent assessment tool. Multivariate analysis of variance test was used to analyze the data and the results showed that the two groups differ significantly from each other in terms of all three components of executive function. In other words, compared to children with DMDD, normal children suffer less from problems related to executive functions in the areas of response inhibition, organization, and decision-making/planning. The findings of the present study have significant research and clinical implications regarding the role of DMDD in the destruction of executive function, as well as the need to formulate and apply therapeutic methods focused on executive function defects in this group.

Natural biological crises are a constant threat to human societies; Therefore, it is considered important to be prepared to control and prevent such disasters. In dealing with such urban crises, addressing the category of non-pharmacological interventions against infectious diseases can be a way forward. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to find the main effective indicators in the epidemic and to explain the environmental components resulting from the interaction and correlation of the relevant measurable indicators at the locality level based on previous environmental studies. In this research, in order to obtain a community of opinion about effective indicators in epidemiological crises, a systematic search was first conducted using the keyword of pandemic resilience. For this purpose, several widely used databases such as Web of Science, Scopus and Elsevier were searched between 2013 and 2023. After checking the quality of the conducted researches, 42 indicators were selected. Further, in order to find out the underlying variables and identify the basic factors or criteria in order to explain the correlation pattern between the observed variables, the exploratory factor analysis method was used and SPSS version 26 software was used to analyze the data. Data from 118 Tabriz neighborhoods were used for exploratory factor analysis. After collecting the data, the process of change, standardization has been done to prepare the data and convert the raw data into percentage, growth rate, average and ratio. Then, the status of urban resilience components against epidemic diseases was calculated and normalized separately based on factor load for each neighborhood. Finally, the results were illustrated using Arc GIS software. The findings of the research indicate that 42 indicators affecting the spread of epidemic diseases at the level of localities can be re-categorized into 8 components of accumulation, diversity and design, social factors, density, economic factors, health infrastructure, environmental pollution and green spaces. Also, based on the findings, it can be said that the condition of most of the components in the neighborhoods of Tabriz city is at an average level. Based on the results, the effects of environmental factors on the transmission of Covid-19 are differentiated spatially. These components represent more than 82% of the changes in effective environmental factors.

This article examines and conducts a comparative analysis of the concepts of insight (Basirat), justice, and piety (Taqwa) within Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh). Insight, defined as the ability to deeply understand and accurately discern, plays a crucial role in making Sharia decisions and assists individuals in making informed choices when facing complex challenges and issues. Justice, as a fundamental principle, emphasizes the importance of fairness and equality in judgments and behaviors, preventing any form of oppression and injustice. Piety, as an ethical attribute, guides individuals to avoid sins and adhere to religious and moral principles. The article explores the similarities and differences among these three concepts and analyzes their impacts on legal decisions and individual and social life. The findings indicate that insight, justice, and piety, as complementary principles, significantly contribute to strengthening the moral and legal framework of Islam. Adhering to these concepts simultaneously can help establish a fair and ethical society. Finally, the article provides suggestions for future research and practical applications of these concepts in various legal and social domains, emphasizing the necessity of incorporating them into educational and legal systems to enhance moral and religious values within society.

 

This article conducts a comparative analysis of the concept of insight (Basirat) in Islamic Sufism and Buddhist philosophy, aiming to elucidate the epistemic similarities and differences between these two prominent spiritual traditions. In Islamic Sufism, insight is defined as a means to attain divine knowledge and unity with God, achieved through spiritual practices and mystical experiences. Conversely, in Buddhist philosophy, insight refers to the understanding of the impermanence and interdependence of all phenomena, leading to liberation from the cycle of birth and death (samsara). The study reveals that both traditions regard insight as a pivotal tool for self-purification, inner peace, and enlightenment. Furthermore, insight in both frameworks significantly influences individual and social life. In Islamic Sufism, insight fosters empathy and social responsibility, encouraging individuals to transcend selfish desires and engage in acts of service and justice. Similarly, in Buddhist philosophy, insight cultivates compassion and altruism, promoting harmonious relationships and reducing the suffering of others. The findings highlight that despite the distinct philosophical underpinnings and cultural contexts, both Sufism and Buddhism recognize insight as essential for spiritual growth and societal well-being. This research underscores the universal significance of insight as a multidimensional concept that bridges personal enlightenment and social harmony, offering a foundation for intercultural and interreligious dialogue. The study emphasizes the potential of comparative spiritual studies to enhance mutual understanding and cooperation among diverse religious and cultural traditions.

This article examines the role of insight (Basira) in the process of ijtihad and the derivation of Sharia rulings, evaluating its impact on the accuracy and validity of fatwas. Insight, as a mental and spiritual attribute, assists scholars in understanding religious texts beyond their apparent meanings and enables them to derive rulings aligned with the objectives of Sharia, considering the circumstances of time and place. The study first explores the concept of insight from a jurisprudential perspective, analyzing the views of past and contemporary jurists regarding its significance in ijtihad. It then assesses the impact of insight on the accuracy of fatwas by examining examples from contemporary issues, such as Islamic banking and new financial transactions. The findings indicate that insight directly influences the quality of issued fatwas and helps prevent extremism and laxity in religious rulings. Additionally, insight aids jurists in distinguishing between the superficial appearances of texts and the deeper purposes of Sharia, allowing for the issuance of comprehensive and practical rulings for modern challenges. Finally, recommendations are presented for enhancing insight within religious seminaries and educating future jurists. These suggestions include promoting the teaching of insight to students, conducting comparative research on fatwas, and further encouraging the application of insight in addressing new issues. This research concludes that strengthening insight among scholars can improve the ijtihad process and contribute to the development of Islamic jurisprudence in response to contemporary challenges.

The fear and hesitancy of managers in making decisions ends up in a phenomenon called decision phobia, which sometimes has dangerous and irreparable consequences for the individual, employees and organization. By identifying this phenomenon, organizations can reduce its consequences. The purpose of this research is to present a model of how the phenomenon of decision-phobia of government agency managers appears and also to identify various solutions to deal with this phenomenon in government organizations.

The current research is descriptive-exploratory in terms of its practical purpose and in terms of the method of data collection, and it is of a qualitative research type that has been used using the foundation data method. Since the current research is qualitative, the data collection method is in-depth interviews with the participants. Based on this, 20 public administrators and management professors were selected as sample members using the purposeful sampling method and based on the principle of theoretical adequacy. In this research, in order to review and analyze the data obtained from the interview, the method of qualitative content analysis with inductive approach has been used.

Based on the textual analysis of the interviews, the understanding and recognition of the phenomenon of decision phobia, causal variables, intervening variables, influencing variables and the consequences of dealing with this phenomenon have been extracted. The results showed that changing organizational culture, creating flexible organizational structures, training and individual development of managers and supporting managers and decision-makers can prevent the phenomenon of decision phobia.