جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "پی یر بوردیو" در نشریات گروه "علوم انسانی"

The structure and spatialization of cities, directly or indirectly, display the identity elements of the people of that city. Since change is the only constant thing in the city, preserving the cultural assets in a city is one of the fundamental challenges of the contemporary world; The identity of the people is based on the cultural assets left over from the past, and finding a middle way for the sustainable development of cities, along with preserving the identity indicators, has been the constant concern of researchers in this field. Among the social and cultural capitals of Iran is the personality of Imam Reza (AS), whose trip to Iran, as the greatest religious event in the history of Iran, has provided Iranians with a treasure of narratives; each of which, in addition to being considered as a cultural capital, have the ability to become a symbolic capital and create added value. The current research, using the descriptive-analytical method and using documentary and library sources, seeks to explain how it is possible to create symbolic capital in urban and rural spaces by using these cultural capitals and base the urban identity on this great social and cultural origin. It is possible to build a resilient identity and sustainable development of cities by relying on the capital capacity symbolized by the narratives surrounding Imam Reza (AS); A major part of this sustainable development can rely on religious tourism.

This study examined the novel The Decline of Colonel. The novel is characterized with a dark and mysterious atmosphere. The novel narrates the story of an army officer of the Pahlavi regime. Taking an interdisciplinary approach, this study explored the novel. To clarify some concepts, such key concepts of Bourdieu’s social theory were defined as capital, habitus, doxa, male dominance, and symbolic violence. The study showed that the suffocating and scary atmosphere dominating the novel indicates a controlling power behind all movements and behaviors of the characters. The controlling and dominant power manifests in some cases in the form of physical violence and reaches its peak in assassinating the colonel’s family members. In the novel, the author of uses a critical attitude towards the discourse of power and dominance to depict the the socio-political status of Iran about the Islamic Revolution. He depicts the challenges and contradictions of Iran in dealing with the drastic change.

The study of Humans as social creatures is not limited to sociology. One of the main concerns of literary works has always been to reflect humans inside societies, exploring their worries, concerns and fears in relation to others . Sociological analysis of literary texts is a new field which focuses on this relationship and arrives at a deep and different understanding of the two fields. Pierre Bourdieu, the French sociologist, believes that society consists of different fields within which the individuals fight for better positions and places (capitals). In his theory, capital is not limited to economic capital and includes social, cultural and symbolic ones too. The authors of this article have used Bourdieu’s concepts and theory to give a fresh reading and interpretation of Sādeq Chubak's The Patient Stone and Thomas Hardy's Jude the Obscure. Both novels are among the most distinguished works of Naturalism that have always been analyzed for their emphasis on the environmental determinism. This study shows that the characters in these novels lack basic accumulation of capitals and their efforts to obtain the capitals, particularly cultural capital, fail not solely because of the environmental determinism but for their stupidity and losing life opportunities. Another result is that the Iranian society in Patient Stone is more suppressive than the English society in Jude the Obscure. Despite the oppressive atmosphere in the Iranian society, the male characters are responsible for their failures and women have to accept the unhappy fate that the patriarchal and superstitious society imposes.

Masculine Domination is a product of the male-centered social world, which has immortalized itself in the bodies of men and women in the form of "habitus". This series is one of the methods of applying symbolic violence that is applied in different social, cultural, economic, and economic contexts in the gender situation and opposite-similar dual relations (male and female). The upcoming research aims to answer this question: How is masculine domination formed and reproduced in the social space of Glimbaf's novel (a novel that is also a characteristic example of the reflection of the atmosphere of traditional Afghan society)? And what factors play an essential role in this process? The main purpose of this research is to analyze the process of production and reproduction of masculine domination in the space of the mentioned novel, which leads to acts of symbolic violence. The method of data collection is the library method and data analysis is an analytical-descriptive method. The findings of the research show that three generations of characters in this novel have fallen victim to the reproduction of masculine domination. The biggest factors of production and reproduction of domination in this novel are objectification, not being seen, considering the nature and work of women as inferior to men, continuing the symbolic exchange of women (as goods) to accumulate the capital of "honor" and "jealousy" of men through the exchange method of "SARALISH" (marital marriage). This reproduces masculine domination and symbolic violence.

With the emergence of the constitutional revolution in Iran, Iranian women became more aware of their rights and position and became more willing to work in social fields. In the meantime, by writing critical poems, Parvin Etisami became the voice of women who were deprived of many rights and isolated throughout history under the rule of the patriarchal system. Parveen criticizes social injustices in his poems and criticizes the difficult situation of women in the society. According to French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu (1930-2002) in his book "Male Dominance", women also participate in this domination over themselves and become complicit with the dominators. Because during a historical process, social actors institutionalize the male point of view in the form of self-evident beliefs (doxa) in men and women and make the acceptance of such a point of view appear natural in the mentality of society. The purpose of this article is to analyze the perspective of male authority in the world of thought and poems of Parvin Etisami based on the sociological theory of Pierre Bourdieu. Therefore, with the descriptive-analytical method and using Bourdieu's sociological foundations, he examines the effects of male authority in the world of Parvin's thoughts and poems. According to the findings of this article, although Parvin criticizes male authority in some of his poems, in general, he has a dual and paradoxical position in this field. By following the style of the poets of the past, he aligns himself with the institution of male literature. In his poems, women's spiritual and emotional details are not so prominent, and his language features are not distinguished from men's language. It seems that male authority has taken root in the unconscious depths of Parvin's mind.Abstract

This research, utilizing Bourdieu's perspectives, examines the role of socially responsible poets as political and social reformers in the thoughts of Saadi and Hafez. The study is based on the hypothesis that the poet pursues societal improvement as an intellectual and enlightening duty as a representative of criticism. As a primary figure in the realm of social and political interactions, the poet engages in reformist actions and, from a critical perspective, proposes solutions for societal reform. This research explores Saadi's critical approach, highlighting his prominent reformist characteristics and presenting his solutions for general reform in three dimensions: social, political, and leadership. Saadi's solutions include moderation as a social reform, justice and fairness as political reforms, and prudence as a solution for leadership reform. These solutions are presented in the context of Saadi's significant attention to society and politics during a time of crisis and upheaval. Furthermore, the study delves into the critique of the public in Hafez's thoughts. As a critical poet in Iranian literary and intellectual history, Hafez introduces reformist solutions to shape his contemporary society. Hafez's reformist approach is discussed on three levels: political, social, and leadership. Love and friendship are presented as solutions for political reform, truth as a solution for social reform, and justice as a solution for leadership reform. In summary, Saadi and Hafez's reformist solutions can be characterized by an emancipated individual as an ideal citizen, a reform-seeking society as an ideal city, and a benevolent and just leader as an ideal ruler. The proposed solutions by Saadi and Hafez for constructing a virtuous society involve a critical approach, shaping an ideal political structure based on personal and collective virtues, with truth and justice at their pinnacle. Their reformist approach reflects a vision for building a virtuous society.

Pierre Bourdieu's theory of types of capital represents capitals and the effect of their types on each other in different ways. In Bourdieu's definition, the types of capital are: "Economic, cultural, social and symbolic capital". This article, with a comparative look at the habits influenced by the capitals of female narrators in the novels "My Bird" and "Forbidden Notebook", examines the effect of capitals on each other and changes the habits of female narrators, and shows with a descriptive-analytical method what effect the habits have on creating They have positive and negative funds. The most obvious negative habits of female actors in novels; Silence, passivity, isolation, submission and satisfaction of the men of the family without the least action and protest are in line with the otherness of the narrator's women and the most specific positive habits; Loyalty, motherhood, sense of responsibility, sacrifice and kindness. As a result, the nature of women's habits has either not changed, or has progressed in the direction of negative and negative production and reproduction, or if there is a slight change in the production and reproduction of positive capitals, it is pale in the shadow of the passivity of the narrators. The comparative result of the research shows the common structural position of two women in two different societies, whose similar and repeated experiences create common traits and habits. These similar behaviors and habits, in turn, give structure to their positive or negative social actions; That is, it sets guidelines and limits their activity. Or in very few social spaces, it removes passivity and limitations. But in the end, the revelation of the women's passivity in the economic fields, the inefficiency of the social spaces (before and after marriage), in the use of social capital, and the poverty of the economic, cultural and symbolic capital in the narrator's women.

Seyyed Mohammad Reza Kurdistani, known as MirzadehEshghi, is one of the pioneers of Neo -poetry in the constitutional period, who mentions political, social, cultural issues, etc. in his poems. For this reason, his poems can be analyzed based on a sociological approach. The review of MirzadehEshghi's poems tells many political, social, cultural, etc. facts of the poet's life period, which is the focus for showing these social and popular issues of contemporary Persian poetry can be seen in his works, especially in the poem "Three Tableaux of Maryam". According to Pierre Bourdieu's theory of action, active people are influenced by inner values and institutionalized habits in their society and in this poem the combination of Bourdieu’s “Agency and Structure” and its practical concepts are revealed in the best way.The two central categories of habitual and field are the basis of Bourdieu's view in Ideal Eshghi’s poem, which the poet, by developing these two categories and dialectic analysis between them in the objective world, shows how the inequality in the society of the constitutional period is always reproduced for the sake of the wealthy people. What can be perceived from this poem is the social and cultural conflict and contradiction between the concepts of tradition and modernity, which in this poem is also expressed particularly as a social action of Bourdieu's cultural theory. The subject that doubles the importance of this comparative comparison is MirzadehEshghi's view about social issues, which puts him unlike his predecessors, and like Bourdieu, in the front line of the fight against the domination system.

With the reduction of film-making studios in Hollywood, a stream of independent film-making has emerged in the United States. Over the course of time and after some decades since the advent of this new approach, differences can be traced within this model of film-making based on various relationships dominant in the US cinema system. The goal of this research is explication of such distinctions and tendencies. Distinctions that result in the divergence of the US independent cinema. Enjoying the thoughts of Pierre Bourdieu, the French sociologist, especially his field theory and its surrounding concepts, this research tries to identify and explain two specific approaches in the independent cinema of the US. The first is a cinema called “quasi-independent” (semi-independent) which is a corrective solution at the service of the mainstream cinema, and on the other hand, a form of cinema named “independent” which could create a distinct field from different dimensions such as aesthetic, viewing the minority, and economic and political discussion within the American cinema.

Problem Statement: Khamsah of Nezami is one of the greatest books of Persian literature, which has been highly regarded by the miniature artiste of different times due to its romantic and lyrical poems; beyond this, it provides a salient context for field of social history and presents the cultural status of women in specific historical eras. The visual lived reality illustrated by the women images in Khamsah of Tahmasebi, including customs, traditions and socio-cultural conditions of them in the Safavid era, can be well studied in these miniature paintings. these representations are in somehow expressing the conditions of daily life of women in their historical transition. Research Method To get the research aim, the theory of different fields` influences on creating artworks by Pierre Bourdieu was applied to discuss the extent of the influence of historical and social fields of Safavid in illustrating women images in Khamsah of Tahmasbi. However, the question here is that: 1. what aspects of women lives in the Safavid era are presented in the miniature paintings of Khamsah Tahmasbi and 2. which social and historical fields have been influenced by it? We conclude that the images of women in Khamsah Tahmasbi, due to the strict supremacy of the Shah and the Safavid court, the "court women" are mostly depicted and, contrary to the views of traditionalists, who believe in presentation of an imaginary world, many public customs and beliefs, or the realities of Safavid society are represented by them.

The health of any society is based on the health of the family, which itself is affected by the set of interactions that exist among the people of this institution. Meanwhile, the optimal mental health of women and mothers can have a great impact on the health and development of the society. Because the health of women, especially mothers, is one of the basic concepts in social development and welfare. In this regard, the current research was also conducted with the aim of sociologically investigating the relationship between economic capital and cultural capital with the mental health of married women in Tabriz based on Pierre Bourdieu’s theoretical framework. The research method used in the present research is survey type. The statistical population includes all married women in Tabriz city, 400 of whom were selected using Cochran’s formula and stratified random sampling as the statistical sample of the research to collect data. Also, SPSS software was used to analyze the data. The tool for collecting information is a questionnaire, and the type of validity of the measurement tool is face validity. Cronbach’s alpha technique was also used to measure reliability. The results of the research indicate that the correlation between cultural capital and economic capital was confirmed with all the variable components of mental health (physical symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, impaired social functioning, depression). Also, the results of the regression analysis showed that the independent variables of the research explained 38% of the changes in the mental health variable.

The Modernisation of societies resulted in the emergence of the novel which truthfully reflects the society. This article tries to analyse women’s social position in the society, before the Islamic revolution, through a sociological reading of Simin Daneshvar’s novels, including Suvashun (1969), Wander Island (Jazireh-e Sargardani) (1993), and Wandering Cameleer (Sarban-e Sargardan) (2001). Simin Daneshvar is among the most prominent contemporary novelists. Pierre Bourdieu, a French sociologist, philosopher, anthropologist, and critic views capital not only in term of economics but also from other perspectives such as culture, social life, and symbolism. In this comparative study, we have analysed the influence of capital in the lives of the female characters of each story and explored the degree to which they managed to increase it. The present article reveals that women are not very successful in acquiring all kinds of capital. Zari and Hasti, the main activists of the stories, are comparatively more prosperous than other women. They both represent ideal women in their societies; Hasti, who lives three decades after Zari, has more concrete cultural and social capital and is more dynamic in acquiring economic capital.

In the sociology of literature, which is an interdisciplinary science, literature is viewed as one of the social institutions that is influenced by the developments of social life. Experts in this field examine any works of art and various texts that reflect society. Pierre Bourdieu's theory of "character and field" is one of the sociological approaches in which the various dimensions of society as a field and the institutionalization of matters following the field as a character are considered in a wide range of dimensions. This sociological approach can be reflected in literary texts with the help of interdisciplinary studies. In the present study, an attempt is made to explore the descriptive-analytical fields of the fields in Golpayegani's intoxicated poems and the characteristics that he shows in social fields in order to answer the questions that this poet according to the conditions of his society. What fields is affected and based on it, what characteristics does it reflect in its poems? The results indicate that Madhosh Golpayegani, considering the social fields of "prosperity of cultural, artistic and literary affairs", "influence of the clergy" and "progress of society", manifests various meaningful characters in his poems in the form of themes and styles. His personality is visible.

The aim of this study is to examine and criticize Pierre Bourdieu's view about the relationship between agency and culture in the area of education based on Islamic theory of action. To this purpose, concept interpretation and external criticism methods are used. The results of this paper showed that based on the Islamic theory of action, individual agency in Pierre Bourdieu's view is weak. Absence of internal factors, underestimating the individual action, reducing different kinds of action to improvised actions, cultural relativism, and reducing the education function to cultural reproduction are among the criticisms. The implications of these criticisms in the area of education, lead to consider student agency in education process so it changes the education from the reproduction state to an interaction between teacher and students. This interaction take places in different dimensions asymmetrically.

Stories, by reflecting the norms and values ​​of society, play an important role in reproducing gender identity and status. Criticism of literary texts from such a perspective helps to represent the position of women in society based on having different types of capital. The present study, with reference to library sources and a comparative approach as well as descriptive-analytical method, examines the stories of "Samanoopazan" and "Ganj" by Jalal Al-Ahmad with the stories of "Sargozasht-e-Koocheh" and "Shahri chon Behesht" by Simin Daneshvar Paid And has analyzed and interpreted the types of women's cultural capital in these stories according to the approach of Pierre Bourdieu's types of capital to answer the question of how the cultural assets of female characters are reflected in the stories of Al-Ahmad and Daneshvar? The findings of this study, referring to the meager cultural capital of women, represent the patriarchal atmosphere of Iranian society and show that women in these stories, out of ignorance and lack of cultural capital, step in any direction than men (even wicked and vulgar men). Do not move away and stay in the same humble position. These women are satisfied with their meager cultural capital and show no signs of self-fulfillment.

One of the concepts that have been enthusiastically encountered in Iran's sociology in recent decades is the theory of cultural capital. This concept was first introduced by Bourdieu, and its purpose was to explain the disadvantages of Lower-class students at school. This concept has become very important in many areas such as stratification and culture and a great number of experimental researches has been done on it. At the same time, this concept has been criticized, in particular by racial-critical theorists. In this article, by reviewing the existing texts about cultural capital, we will present the most important criticisms raised in this field and we will introduce the cultural wealth model as a complement and also as an alternative to it. The purpose of the present article is to introduce, review and explain the components of the cultural wealth model which includes: aspirational, linguistic, social, navigational, familial, and resistant capital. The theoretical claim of the present article is that the concept of cultural wealth will give new insights to minorities and subordinates, and it will help to recognize and plan their various issues, also the design of this concept can be empirically grounded in many studies.

Sociology is a science that deals with human and its communication insociety. Culture is a production of social relations and literature is one ofthese cultural phenomena, and creator of literary work is illustrator of thesociety in his artwork. When we deal with the relationship betweensociety and literature, we come into the field of sociology of literature.Sociological criticism of literature is one of the relatively new disciplinesof literary criticism that has a long history. At the beginning of thenineteenth century, Ipoliten Tan and Madame Doustal published the firsttwo books on the sociology of literature. With the advent of Karl Marx,these studies have come to life again, with many theorists still influencedby his ideas. The purpose of this article is to examine the historical courseof the sociological critique of literature with emphasis on the sociology ofreading, developmental constructivism, the Frankfurt School, and PierreBourdieu's theory. The method in the article is studying works of thetheoreticians by library method, as well as analyzing their theories. Thereason for choosing these four methods in the sociology of literature isthe importance and influence that these methods have had on the analysisof literary and artistic works but remains ignored by scholars.

  The field of action of the spectator covers a broad range, from the simple act of buying a ticket to decoding and interpreting the performative text. Because of the live nature of theater, audience is of greater importance in theater as it is one of the few arts in which the spectator is part of the definition of the art in terms of the thematic and performative status; Furthermore, in modern societies, the consumption behaviors of individuals provide the basis for the formation of social identity. Consumption is based on perception and way of valuation and is consequently selective and derived from attitudes, values and tastes; it symbolizes the characteristics through which the individual is judged. This process of selection emerges in the cultural consumption, cultivated taste, and the cultural competence used in the nature of cultural goods and the way they are consumed – originates from the extent to which cultural capital is possessed; and the indices of cultural capital can be official education, family background and occupational cultural. That is why art and cultural consumption are predisposed, consciously and deliberately or not, to fulfil a social function of legitimating social differences. The studies by Pierre Bourdieu, as one of the most influential cultural sociologists, on habits of art consumption constitute a part of his broader sociology dealing with the cultural and material structures of inequality in society. In Bourdieu’s sociology it is argued that culture is an important domain of the struggle between social groups and classes, where there is an incessant, endless conflict over the bases of identity and hierarchy. Taste is one of the most vital stakes in the struggles fought in the field of the dominant class and the field of cultural production. In fact, like many other cultural studies theorists, Bourdieu is interested more than anything else in examining the relationship between culture and power. In this regard Bourdieu deals with “the charismatic conception which, by refusing to take into consideration the social conditions of production and reception, makes it impossible to fully understand cultural phenomena and, moreover, produces effects of symbolic violence in that it conceals the mechanisms that hinder access to culture, thereby making it a rare good, inaccessible to the majority. According to Bourdieu, that is why art and cultural consumption are predisposed, consciously and deliberately or not, to fulfil a social function of legitimating social differences. For the same reason Bourdieu believes that people internalize their class realities and express them through their cultural choice. Thus, the origins of differences among individuals manifest themselves in the field of culture, and university field and education certificates play a key role in legitimizing the cultural capital of individuals. The considerable increase in the number of theater halls in the last decade has resulted in fundamental changes in the process of production and consumption of theater in Tehran, affecting various agents, from production teams and theater owners to spectators. The present research examines the causes and meanings of these changes using the theoretical concepts of Bourdieu’s sociology and by considering the importance of university field in the formation of cultural capital and establishing the legitimate taste. Since a popular belief about theater spectators in Iran is that they are only members of the elite and intellectuals of the society and also due to discussion and debates arising as a result of the increase in the number of theater halls in Tehran and the entrance of new spectators into the circle of theater-goers, as well as the importance of educational capital in the formation of taste in the framework of Bourdieu’s thought, the present research, by explaining and classifying habitus and the capitals of legitimate theater field and examining the relationship between the capitals and interests of new spectators and those of university field agents, deals with the formation and analysis of their tastes. This study also seeks to analyze how legitimate theater field is defined and its boundaries are determined by the audience and the academics; because of the interests they seek, the audiences of these subfields employ strategies and struggles in order to legitimize their definition of legitimate theater field. The interaction between the habitus and capital of the audience of private theater field and agents of university field and the struggles and strategies of each party in theater fields are analyzed so that the way for the analysis and classification of their actions and choices is paved. Thus, using the methodological framework of Pierre Bourdieu and the causal and interpretative analysis of the experimental data collected through qualitative (semi-structured interview and observation) and quantitative (mixed questionnaire) methods in theater and university fields, the differences in cultivated tastes of professors, students and theater audience and the areas for their application in legitimate theater field have been studied. data collection in the interviews was conducted based on the process of “grounded theory”. People in the study are selected based on their relevance to the subject of the research. They are not selected for constructing a (statistically) representative sample of a general population. Thus, of all different types of semi-structured interviews, the present study will focus on problem-centered interview because In particular, by using an interview guide incorporating questions and narrative stimuli it is possible to collect biographical data with regard to a certain problem; and also process orientation in the research process and in the understanding of the object of research. In order to cover both theater and university fields, in-depth interviews were carried out with ten university professors, twenty-eight drama students and graduates and sixteen theater spectators (educated in majors other than arts). Based on distinctions between these two fields, the geographical position of theater halls, type of performance, whether the theater hall was a private or state hall, the time of the play, and the price of the ticket, the spectators of the following plays were considered as the research population; overall, 48 spectators (each performance four people, 28 students of performing arts and 16 spectators educated in majors other than arts) were studied (through interviews and questionnaires).
Since the present research is based on an a priori theoretical framework – Bourdieu’s field theory – directed content analysis was used to analyze the interviews. For this purpose, by relying on Bourdieu’s theoretical concepts to focus on research questions, and by taking into account predications regarding the relationships among research variables, the key concept for the classification of initial codes for theater spectators was institutional cultural capital; and, for university professors, it was their presence or absence in the field of production of theater.

With the formation of and the increase in the number of private theater halls in Tehran and subsequently the increase in the number of agents in the fields of production and consumption, three important changes occurred in theater field. Changes in the habitus of production field, which because of withdrawal of financial support of the government, resulted in shorter rehearsal time, employment of well-known cinema and television actors to attract large audiences, and the use of texts and plays most favored by spectators. The transformation of the de-limited field of theater production to the large-scale field of production resulted in the entrance of new spectators into the field of theater, with their different interests, habitus and cultural capital, and a taste quite different from that of former spectators. These distinctions are mainly shaped by institutional cultural capital and the background of the spectator in the field of theater. The economic dependence of theater field on the presence of these new spectators has caused theatrical performances to adapt themselves to the cultural capital and habitus of these spectators. This led to an increase in the symbolic violence exerted by the agents of educational institutions and some production agents on private theater and their spectators and taste. Cultural capital has been used less and less in waging struggles in the legitimate theater field and determining the moves for struggle, and economic capital and the presence of larger audiences played a more prominent role in the logic of production and consumption of the legitimate theater field; this means that the effect of agents, especially agents in university field, who enjoy cultural capital has decreased. In other words, these new spectators and their new taste have gradually turned into the field of power in theater field, and it is their taste – cultural capital and habitus – that imposes its system of perception and classification on theater field and has been able to somehow eliminate distinction in theater halls and the types of performance by taking a central positions.

Society and literature have a reciprocal and reciprocal relationship and literary works are creatures of life and the social environment. Bourdieu's theory of the practice of interaction between literature and society and their mutual impact on each other. The field, mode, and action form the three pillars of the theory of action. This theory is one of the applied theories for the sociological analysis of literary texts which is based on the theoretical framework of this research. In this speech, the final collection of Shahnameh, the hymns of Akhavan-Saleh, is based on the theory of Bourdieu's action with a descriptive analytical approach. The research findings indicate that the Brotherhood is located on an independent pole below the Persian poetry production field. He has a stable and stable clerk and has never put his poetry at the mercy of the masters of power and the owners of wealth. Homeland, return to the past, despair and despair, criticism and protest, alienation, reverence to the rulers of the time, justice and oppression, the harboring of the country's patrons and ... can be one of the most important His actions are cited.