جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « چارچوب بندی » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

One of the common ideas for crisis communication is that the media consensus on the role of the government causes people to sympathize with the government and helps the government to control the crisis. In order to investigate the functioning of the media at the beginning of the crisis, the present article studies the role of political affiliation of Iranian news agencies in the representation of the government during the crisis of the Covid-19 Pandemic in the first seven months of the outbreak of this disease. For this purpose, a conceptual framework based on three models of the relationship between government and media, i.e. hegemony, propaganda, and Indexing has been set. Also, the qualitative approach and the inductive framework analysis method were used to analyze 794 news items that were selected from two news agencies affiliated with the reformists, namely IRNA and ILNA, and two news agencies affiliated with fundamentalists, namely Fars and Mehr. The findings, while showing the decreasing trend of production of corona virus related news in the studied period, show that all news agencies have used the frame of “criticizing the government, but unlike other news agencies, The results show that during the first Covid-19 wave, all news agencies acted based on the hegemonic model and they have agreed on important issues such as the manageability of the corona virus and the conditions caused by pandemic. But during the second wave, we see a lack of agreement between news agencies.

In their role as news disseminators, the media are not a mirror reflection of events and the reality of the social and political world, but rather they are the creators of social and political realities and give existence to people's perception of the world around them. In preparing news, in addition to selecting data, they make it meaningful based on established formats. The main goal of the current research is to cover the death of the Queen of England in the domestic (FARS and ISNA) and foreign (BBC website) media. In order to achieve the main goal of the current research, theories of representation and framing and the method of critical discourse analysis with Van Dyck's approach have been used. From each of these media, two texts have been selected as samples, and after determining the positive and negative propositions, polarization of self and other, presupposition, association and insinuation in the texts, it was determined that the two main discourses in the context of the death of the Queen of England can be separated from each other.
First of all, any talk about Queen Elizabeth’s death refers to the role of the institution of the monarchy in England, so on one side of the spectrum are the foreign media, with an emphasis on BBC Persian, who consider the institution of the monarchy in England to be a ceremonial and powerless institution whose only function is to preserve the unity of the society and to be a symbol of the nation. In contrast to this discourse, there is the discourse of domestic news agencies such as FARS and ISNA, which do not consider the institution of the monarchy in England as ceremonial and regard it as the cause of all the crises and wars the British government has launched in different periods.

In order to understand the characteristics of crisis communication in Iran, this article compares the framing of the Covid-19 epidemic in the TV News and the Instagram. The way the media works has an effect on the public understanding of the crisis and its solutions. the alignment of the official and social media can facilitate the achievement of balance after the crisis or intensify the maintenance of the imbalance. This article is based on the conceptual framework of the necessity of information balance to overcome the crisis with an inductive approach. It applies the components of the framework introduced by Entman and the frameworks introduced by Setreet and Nisbet to reveal the frames in sample texts. The findings show the presence of eight frames on television, which include the controllable corona virus in Iran, the crisis-causing corona virus in America and Europe, equating mourning with health, equating epidemic with imposed war, cooperation of people and officials for Solving crisis, conflict, formal acivism, and progress. Also, the frames on Instagram are containment corona, Pandora's box, individual responsibility to solve the crisis, conflict, official activism, and progress. Four frameworks are common to both media. The frames of the two media have a similar function in terms of portraying the actors for causal attribution of responsibility, promoting the positive performance of the officials, and controlling the situation. But even though Instagram is dealing with the covid megacrisis, television is using this megacrisis for political and propaganda purposes.

Iran’s Nuclear Program (INP) has attracted many eyes and thoughts. While much ink has been spilled on its evolution and its impact on the international security and the middle-eastern politics, it seems there has been a theoretical void in the explanation of this multi-dimensional crisis. Such an unfortunate poverty is no more obvious than in the framing INP by the media. In fact, the impacts of media on conflicts and crisis in general, and on INP in particular, has been recently devalued. Thus, a voyage of the connections of the media framing and INP has been so far intact. The present study is an attempt to give a historical narrative on how the media have framed the trajectory of INP. We will accomplish this mission by locating the impacts of media on INP within an examination of the larger historical context. In this framework, the proposed work will undertake tracing the history of the ebbs and flows within the media—i.e., CNN and Fox News— coverage of INP, explaining how media covered INP. On this reading, the present work is a historiography. It provides a theoretical plot to narrate a story, a story of the history of INP through the lens of media.

Iranian ethno music which undermined during Pahlavi regime under modernization policies inclined to western culture and art, raised again after Islamic revolution and was focused by artists and researchers. The main question of the paper is; How the elite oriented toward ethno music during post revolution thought transformations? The main aim is describing the importance of ethnicity art and ethnomusicology studies in Iranian contemporary music in the viewpoint of music experts. As cultural-artistic or artistic magazines represent the thought approach toward ethno music, this paper by analyzing the constructed themes in these magazines has shown the thought foundations of elite viewpoints toward Iranian ethno music. The research is based on thematic analysis. The research sample consists of 10 cultural- artistic or music magazines including; “Honar quarterly”, “Golestaneh”, “Soureh”, “Adabestane Farhng & Honar”, “Asre Adineh”, “Magham”, “Adineh”, “Donyaye Sokhan”, “Kelk and “Mahour”. These magazines have studied on the music after Islamic revolution. The data extracted from the mentioned magazines based on purposive sampling and the process of data collecting continued till data saturation. Saturation is a core principle used in qualitative research. It is used to determine when there is adequate data from a study to develop a robust and valid understanding of the study phenomenon. Saturation is applied to purposive (nonprobability) samples, which are commonly used in qualitative research.The findings show that 3 general approaches toward music was formed in the mentioned magazines:1. The centrality of western music and absence or peripheral situation of ethno music 2. The originality of ethno music and religious approaches toward this kind of music 3. The originality of ethno music and it`s recognition through ethnomusicology studies.

Iranian and Turkish Intellectuals and Rulers have Representated Nationalism as the most important element of identity in modern world, in different ways. This article intends to use the historical-comparative method to understand how Nationalism was formulated in these two countries. Thus, the analysis of the performance of intellectuals has considered by using concepts and diagnostic, prognostic and motivational frameworks, provided by Nozick, Anderson, Snow and Benford. These Intellectuals sought to portray an Imagined Community called Nationalism for the people and a legitimacy for the authoritarian state in order to preserve its territorial integrity. But each, while having similarities such as idealism, anti-Arabism, Westernism and pluralism, found its own aspects. The most obvious point is that though, in Turkey, the anti-Islamic and racial superiority prevailed, in Iran, archaism became important.. Also, religious discourse and its elites were not able to face the new world and formulate the appropriate frameworks. Institutionalization was stronger in Turkey, In Iran, it was mostly promoted through propaganda.

One of the common approaches for explaining how a revolution is constructed is to analyze the ideology of revolutionaries. Ideology legitimizes the conflict and facilitates the mobilization of forces by providing an answer to the question ‘What should be done’ and developing a semantic system for the revolutionaries. But some thinkers such as David Snow believe that such semantic systems can’t be reduced to ideology and besides that, the attention must be paid on the frames that conduct the action of protesters. Frames are semantic systems that conduct the choice and position of revolutionaries in an unwritten and even unconscious way and as a mediating factor, they materialize revolutionary ideas and facilitate political mobilization of forces. This article deals with the memories of student movement activists during Pahlavi II in the Oral History Project of Harvard University to examine the process of politicization of student activists by analyzing the dominant frame of their action and choice. The findings show that Tayefe-Keshi is the frame that plays an important role in this process which has the function of developing boundaries between ‘us’ and ‘them’ and reproducing the political conflict and competition in the university.

The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) reached in July 2015 between I.R. Iran and the P5+1, but the US announced its withdrawal from the deal on May 2018. This withdrawal attracted much media attention, both internationally and inside Iran, due to its impact on international political and diplomatic spheres. this article aims to investigate the representation of the US withdraw from JCPOA in four Iranian newspapers: Keyhan, and Resalat (the main representatives of the Conservatives); and Etemad, and Shargh (the main representatives of the Reformists). Using the critical discourse analysis method, this research relies on discourse, representation, and framing theories. The findings point out that the dominant discourse in reformist newspapers is “Interaction”. These newspapers emphasize on the necessity of interaction with the world, negotiations, détente, and maintaining the national cohesion. By applying the techniques of highlighting and marginalization, Shargh and Etemad highlight “their own” positive features and “the others’” weak points. Through these techniques, these two newspapers seek to represent and induce their intended frameworks. The dominant discourse in conservative newspapers is “Resistance”. By bringing up historical evidences on unreliability and hostility of the West (the US and Europe), They highlight negative aspects of “the others” and positive aspect of “themselves” as “Iranian people” and “Iranian political system”. These conservative newspapers make effort to induce their favorite concepts and frameworks and to influence others by emphasizing on the concepts of “resistance”, using domestic capabilities, resistive economy, revolutionary insight, and serious and severe reaction against the enemy.

Media represent the corona pandemic based on their own perspectives and the demands of the governors positively or negatively, as such they often did not consider the corona as a disease, but an ideological matter. The purpose of this research is to study how corona news is framed.In this research the visual texts, which purposefully selected, of channels IRIB, VOA and Manoto on their Telegram platform were examined using semiotic methods. The publication of Corona images on the telegram platform of IRIB News Agency was framed with "authority of doctors and the cooperation of the people". VOA telegram platform used the Corona as a tool to "generalize the disease" and framed it as a "demonstration of corona healing processes". And finally, Manoto channel published video texts related to Corona on its Telegram platform as a "Transformation of Death Relationships". It can be said that IRIB news agency seeks to conserve the value system and maintain the status quo. In contrast, VOA and Manoto channels seek to construct an ideological and magnify crisis, representing the corona disease with old unrelated myths and implying a distorted meaning.

Climate change affects many aspects of human life, such as the economy, environment and society. Although its consequences are invisible for the public in short term, they are often informed about the negative aspects of climate change through the media. In other words, the media dedicate and cover news in order to make people aware about the impact of climate change. Number of researches has been conducted on the way the media frame and cover the climatic issues in many countries, but there is no such at present to show how this particular is being covered in the Iranian media. This paper is the first academic research to examine the coverage of climate change in the Iranian press. We have analyzed 388 climate stories published on 15 well-known national newspapers by using SPSS software and applying the quantitative content analysis method to understand how these newspapers could present climate stories. Findings show that the Iranian press often used “Conflict” and “Environmental Consequences” frames to illustrate climate change issues, but “Scientific Uncertainty” and “Current Weather” were rarely mentioned. Moreover, these newspapers relied mainly on “Experts” as sources more than the other sources to present climate stories.

Health communication plays an important role in informing, encouraging self-care and lifestyle changes to prevent illness and promote health literacy. Health communication is significantly effective in the field of health when used in the appropriate media environment. The media have a serious impact on social reality and play an important and vital role in shaping public opinion through frameworks of discussions. The present paper examines the program of Zaraban - as a dialogic program of the health network index - seeking to answer the question of how health is framed in television programs? In this study, the frameworks are extracted by using quantitative content analysis. The selection of the programs was based on a two-weekly sampling sorted in the first six months of 1397. In this study, the sequence is analysis unit and all the sequences in the selected programs are analyzed. The results show that the Zaraban program has framed health in two forms of treatment and prevention. The treatment framework is considerably more prominent and bolder than the prevention framework. Sub-frame review of the treatment section suggests that general information about the disease is of higher priority than other sub-frameworks. Also, in the prevention context, behavioral recommendations for disease prevention are more important than dietary recommendations, psychological, sports, and tobacco or alcohol recommendations. The findings of the research were discussed and explained with regard to the dimensions and levels of health literacy as well as the media policy of the media.

United States withdrawal from JCPOA has been one of the top headlines of the news media, specially the press, during the recent years. This research aims to study the representation of US withdrawal from JCPOA in the Iranian newspapers (Kayhan, Resalat, Shargh, and Etemad). The study has been conducted using critical discourse analysis and is based on discourse, framing and representation theories. The study results indicate that the dominant discourse in reformist newspapers is identifiable under the “interaction discourse”, and these newspapers have asserted the necessity of cooperation with the European Union, commitment to the JCPOA agreement, multilateralism, and various diplomatic agenda regarding different related countries. This range of newspapers have used various documents to refer to Iran's commitment to the nuclear deal, and in contrast, have written about the unilateral violation of the JCPOA by the United States. On the other hand, dominant discourse in fundamentalist newspapers has been identifiable under “resistance discourse” which aims to represent this event in accordance with their media policies, by emphasizing on the signs like focusing on national capacities, necessity of reciprocal action against the US and resistance against the enemy. These media seek to influence the audience and instill their intended concepts by highlighting the other party’s negative characters and referring to the history of the US disloyalty and hostility toward Iran, and insisting on despicability of reliance on the US, and finally, representing “the Idea of Resistance” for audience.

The capacity of social media has made the issue of water crisis, as the biggest environmental problem in the country, one of the most important topics on Persian Twitter. The subject of this research is the framing of water crisis messages based on the environmental justice approach. Leading research question is how environmental journalists and environmental activists active on Twitter frame the water crisis on the basis of environmental justice? To answer this question, the Twitter pages of 30 environmental journalists and environmental activists active on Twitter were monitored between 12 December 1995 and 15 June 1998, and tweets related to the water crisis were collected. After determining the subject, data related to environmental justice were extracted and then analyzed by the qualitative method of framework analysis. In Twitter, due to the predominance of political views, in many cases, fake news has been used to frame issues, but due to the effectiveness of these fake news, we have to pay attention to them in the analysis. Findings indicate that the most important components related to the framework of social justice in the field of water from the perspective of environmental journalists are: lack of attention to ethnic rights or neglect in the issue of water, the dominance of the center model Water management, ignoring women as the main victims of the water crisis.

Environmental communication and water problem:The content analysis of the eighties and nineties Iranian documentaries Iranian society faces many environmental issues, among which the "water problem" is of paramount importance. Today, the humanities have also studied environmental issues and their consequences. Furthermore, environmental communication is one of the areas which has the potential to help solve some aspects of environmental problems. Accordingly, the present article has studied water problem in eighties and nineties Iranian documentaries from environmental communication perspective by using “Framing" theoretical approach. The main question of the research is how Iranian documentaries has addressed the problem of water crisis in Iran. In order to answer the research question, 22 documentaries were analyzed using qualitative content analysis method. The findings indicate that the sustainable development diagnostic and prescriptive frame is the most dominant and pervasive one which Iranian documentarians used to frame the water crisis problem in Iran .

Communication equipments is one of the most significant tools for information exchange in the modern era. Traditionally, newspapers and printed matters have had a special place in informing and culture-developing. How to framing, highlighting and censoring information in different newspapers represents their political, social and economic approaches properly. If a newspaper is dependent on the governing system of a country, this can be considerably important, so that a realistic analysis of that governing system alongside of various issues can be represented by analyzing and investigating the information structure of text during a certain time. The present study seeks to examine editors-in-chief's articles (including 44 cases) of Egyptian Newspaper "Alahram" by mixed method published during 2018. In this regard, theoretical concepts such as framing, information structure, marking, topicalization and highlighting were used. The findings show that the editor-in-chief presents a cohesive، targeted and oriented about internal reading , regional and international issues by marking language structures and framing audiences' mind in the direction of Egypt governing system specially "Abdol Fattah Al-Sisi" government.

News agencies are one of the sources of information and health news in our country. However, the study that examined the issue of health communication in this media has been less widely seen. "Health Communication" is the art of information technology, the impact and encouragement of individuals, institutions and public audiences on important health topics. This article aims to understand the approach of three news agencies ISNA, TASNIM and MEHR in addressing the issue of "promoting health" and "understanding the format of health messages" in the coverage of health-related topics. For studying, the framework for framing theory and the Tannahill Health Promotion Model, which depicts the areas of health promotion, and content analysis method were used. 507 items were investigated during the period from May to August 2014. The findings showed that among the various health topics, news agencies considered "health-related benefits, such as proper nutrition, exercise, and vaccination," with 18.9%. Supporting health in the media in the form of three themes: "health policies", "legal and legal controls" and "restrictive or unwanted policies of unhealthy actions" were investigated, which supports health agencies with 70.6% in the form of "health supportive policies". They considered less than two other issues. Aggregates have highlighted early prevention, with 83 percent showing. News agencies have used more positive messages in the formulation of health messages, with a frequency of 32.4%.

This study describes the sequential pattern of “through-produced” multiple questions using Conversation Analysis that sets the agenda dimension of questions, and the academic conditions that advance its use during turns at talk from five faculty meetings. Results show that a. No first-pair of the “through-produced” questions has been answered; b. the answers to the second-pair questions are achieved through paraphrases, clarifications, keyword repetitions, and circuitous rephrasing until the hearer conforms with the agenda set; c. The subordinates frame their default identities with lower epistemic knowledge, and d. “Through-produced” multiple questions can be a manifestation of Chair’s power. Implications and recommendations for cross-linguistic comparisons are offered to generalize the findings beyond the specific domain of the meeting.

Social movements and revolutions have been at the core of the politics and attracted many eyes and thoughts. While much ink has been spilled on the emergence, dynamics, and outcomes of these phenomena, there has been a theoretical void in the explanation of their major driving force(s). Such an unfortunate poverty is no more obvious than in an analysis of the recent movements in the Middle East, known also as the Arab Spring. From this perspective, the present study is an attempt to explain major forces shaping emergence, dynamics, and outcomes of social movements and revolutions. Therefore, the paper will accomplish this mission by combining new concepts of Collective Identity, Cultural Opportunity, Meaning Production, Ideology and Framing, Enemy Recognition with more mainstream ones of Political Opportunity, Mobilizing Networks, and Movement Strategy.