گردشگری روستایی

Tourism potential is one of the unique assets of each country and region, and its identification, classification, and planning for tourism development are crucial. In recent decades, particularly since the 1990s, rural tourism development has gained increasing importance due to agricultural recession and the challenges faced by rural communities. This research aims to investigate the rural tourism potential of the Razaq district of Darab. Both documentary and field studies were used to collect information and data. Initially, data were gathered on various aspects of the region, including climatic parameters, geomorphology, geology, hydrogeology, and human-environment interactions. Necessary maps were created, including those for temperature, rainfall, hours of sunshine, erosion, slope, geology, faults, groundwater, surface waters, land use, communication lines, protected areas, and population centers. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) were used to analyze the data. Based on the gathered information, the study examines the attractions, facilities, services, and the current tourism status in the region. The TOPSIS model was then applied to rank and assess the tourism potential of the Razaq district. The results of the research indicated that the village of Layzangan, with a TOPSIS score of 612, was selected as the primary tourism site in the Razaq district.

The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying the obstacles to entrepreneurship in tourist destination villages in Kohkiloye and Boyer Ahmad provinces. This research is qualitative and applied, with an inductive approach. It employs a mixed strategy of qualitative and quantitative content analysis. The statistical population in this research includes university experts, organizational experts, and local experts, which was determined using a non-random sampling method of the targeted type with the snowball technique of 30 people. The results of the research showed that economic, institutional-political, social, and ecological factors are, respectively, the most critical obstacles to the development of entrepreneurship in the tourism sector in the villages of the province. Weak investment in the public sector, lack of access to capital, lack of motivation for tourism development among the officials, cumbersome bureaucracy, lack of motivation towards the goal and foresight, and lack of technological infrastructure compatible with entrepreneurship are among the most important obstacles in this field. Also, the causal relationships between the variables using the structural equation model showed that the fit indices of the model were calculated higher than 0.9, which shows that the model fits the data and the data of this research have a good fit with the factor structure and the theoretical foundation of the research.

The sustainable development of rural tourism is a multifaceted and very important phenomenon. Today, most countries are trying to use the capacity and potential of rural areas to create sustainable development of rural tourism. However, this category has different contexts and approaches, and different factors play a role. The main goal of the current research is to identify and explain multiple functional and non-functional factors in the sustainable development of rural tourism in the villages of Sarein, which has been investigated using a mixed method. The approach used in this research is a partially mixed sequential dominant status design, which takes place in two qualitative-qualitative phases. In the first phase, using the scope review qualitative method, relevant indicators have been identified and counted from related studies, and in the second phase, using the Delphi qualitative method, multiple functional and non-functional roles in the field of sustainable development of rural tourism have been explained from the perspective of experts have become. Based on the research findings, 17 related internal and external studies were identified in the first phase, and their confirmation indicators were extracted using the scope method. In the second phase, by holding three consecutive Delphi rounds, 12 experts categorized functional and non-functional indicators into six components and 81 indicators. According to the present research results, the sustainable development of rural tourism in Sarein is due to various causes and factors, each of which has multiple impacts and impressions. Rural tourism, as a huge and rich potential in various fields, has a developmental and reconstructive role in the villages of Sarein, and paying attention to its functional components can bring all-round rural development and progress and adopting measures for management and control of non-functional components also prevent other harms and threats.

The aim of the present study is to identify the factors influencing social entrepreneurship in rural tourism in Gilan Province and to propose a fuzzy cognitive model. This research is considered exploratory-applied in terms of purpose and mixed-method (exploratory sequential) in terms of research type. The statistical population in the first phase consisted of 10 experts, scholars, and faculty members in the fields of tourism and entrepreneurship with outstanding experience in Gilan Province, who participated in semi-structured interviews and the Delphi technique. In the second phase, the statistical population included social entrepreneurs in rural tourism from 2022 to 2024, with a minimum of three years of work experience, from whom 12 individuals were selected for the fuzzy methodological section. For the structural equation modeling (SEM) section, social entrepreneurs active in rural tourism in Gilan Province were selected, and due to the use of the SEM method, a minimum sample size of 200 individuals wasdetermined.In the first phase, a non-probability judgmental sampling method was applied. In the fuzzy methodological phase, a pairwise comparison questionnaire was distributed to social entrepreneurs in rural tourism using a non-probability judgmental sampling approach. In the structural equation modeling phase, a probability convenience sampling method was used to distribute the questionnaire.To identify the influencing factors in the first phase, thematic analysis was conducted, followed by the Delphi technique to confirm the components. The relationships between these factors were then determined using fuzzy cognitive modeling, with the aid of FCMapper and Mental Modeler software to identify the interrelationships among the factors. Finally, the extracted model was tested using structural equation modeling within the statistical sample.Through thematic analysis, 10 key influencing factors were identified: economic and financial factors, policy and planning factors, social capital utilization, community empowerment, cultural factors, environmental factors, technological and innovation factors, social entrepreneurship in rural tourism, social factors, and human capital.These 10 influencing factors were presented to tourism experts in Gilan Province in the form of a pairwise comparison questionnaire ranging from -1 to +1. The data obtained from the questionnaire were analyzed using fuzzy cognitive modeling, and the relationships among the factors were examined. The results indicated that the components of social entrepreneurship in rural tourism and community empowerment had the highest susceptibility to influence, while policy and planning factors, as well as economic and financial factors, exhibited the highest influencing power. Ultimately, social entrepreneurship in rural tourism and policy and planning factors achieved the highest central index.

Rural tourism is one of the main areas of tourism. This type of tourism is considered as a solution for development and a basic strategy for improving the welfare in rural areas. Identifying and prioritizing drivers of rural tourism development is the concern of strategic decision-making centers in the field of tourism, and conscious planning based on the knowledge of these drivers is the way to develop villages. Identifying and prioritizing drivers’ speeds up the development cycle of rural tourism. The improvement of transportation infrastructure, roads, creation of eco-tourism and rural residences and the existence of traditional rural markets have provided a suitable platform for the development of rural tourism in Rasht County. The sustainable development of rural tourism and the transformation of the villages of Rasht city into suitable destinations for local, national and international tourists need to identify and rank the affecting factors so that a favorable future can be achieved in the field of tourism for the villages of Rasht County by controlling or strengthening the priority cases. Alman village, near Rasht city and Rasht-Bander Anzali highway, has a suitable geographical location and unique capacities for the development of rural tourism. This research aims at identifying and prioritizing the drivers that affect the development of tourism in Alman village using the opinions of local experts in the field of rural tourism.

In this study, by designing a comprehensive decision tree with six criteria and 36 sub-criteria, the driving forces affecting the development of tourism in Alman village were identified. In order to design the decision tree, drivers applied in previous researches and the opinion of local experts were used. Also, the Spherical Fuzzy Hierarchy Process (SFAHP) was used to prioritize the driving forces affecting the development of rural tourism. The implementation steps of the SFAHP algorithm can be summarized in five main steps. In the first step, a hierarchical model or decision tree is created. In the second step, the matrix of pairwise comparisons is created using linguistic terms. In the third step, the consistency of the matrix of pairwise comparisons is evaluated using the consistency index. In the fourth step, the fuzzy weights of the criteria are calculated. Finally, in the fifth step, weights are calculated using a sequence of hierarchical layers. The required data was collected by completing the pairwise comparison questionnaire by 15 tourism experts in Guilan province. According to the dimensions of the decision tree, this questionnaire has 118 pairwise comparisons.

The results showed that among the criteria of the decision tree, "Employment development" with a relative weight of 18.05% has the first importance. Also, the criteria of "Environmental-Physical" and "Village Capacity" with relative weights of 17.68 and 16.79% are in the second and third place, respectively. Among the sub-criteria related to "Employment Development", "Improvement of job opportunities related to tourism", "Investment in the training of local manpower required for the development of tourism services and activities", and "Creation and development of eco-lodge", were the three most important sub-criteria in order to realize the development of rural tourism, respectively. Among the "environmental-physical" sub-criteria, "management of waste disposal in the village " with a relative weight of 31.73%, "management of wastewater disposal in the village" with a relative weight of 26.79% and "prevention of agricultural land use change" with a relative weight of 26.29% are the most important drivers of tourism development in this scope, respectively. The comparison of nine sub-criteria of "village capacity" showed that the sub-criteria of "village security" with a relative weight of 16.28% is in the first place, the sub-criteria of "access to suitable accommodation facilities" with a relative weight of 13.69% is in the second place, and the sub-criteria of "proper treatment of Villagers" with a relative weight of 12.48% are in the third place of importance. The comparison of sub-criteria of participation showed that sub-criteria "participation of villagers in providing accommodation services to tourists" with a relative importance of 25.15% is in the first place of importance, sub-criteria "participation of villagers in the construction of service- entertainment centers" with a relative importance of 24.55% is in the second place of importance, and the sub-criteria of "enhancing people participation in decision-making process" is ranked third with a relative importance of 18.55%. In the criteria of government-institutional support, five sub-criteria were compared. The results showed that "improvement and promotion of village infrastructure and amenities for the development of tourism" with a relative importance of 27% is in the first place, the sub-criteria of "supervision and support of local management and attracting the cooperation of the village Islamic council in order to promote tourism" with a relative importance of 20.07% is in the second place, and the sub-criteria of "providing and developing security services for the continued presence of tourists in the village" is in the third place with a relative weight of 19%. The comparison of eight sub-criteria related to the "cultural-social" criteria showed that the sub-criteria "Designing the necessary programs for the cultural foundation in the development of rural tourism" with a relative weight of 15.14%, is ranked first, the sub-criteria "Education of villagers regarding the management of tourism space" with a relative weight of 14.19%, is ranked second, and the sub-criteria "attention of tourists to cultural-religious characteristics in the village" with a relative weight of 13.7% is ranked third. In order to determine the key drivers of rural tourism development, the interval of standard deviation from mean was used. The results showed that the management of waste disposal in the village (final weight 61.5 percent), improvement of job opportunities related to tourism (final weight 5.25 percent), the management wastewater disposal in the village (final weight 4.74 percent), prevention of agricultural land use change (final weight 4.65 percent), improvement and promotion of village infrastructure and amenities for the development of tourism (final weight 4.25 percent), participation of villagers in providing accommodation services to tourists (final weight 4.08 percent) and the participation of villagers in the construction of service-entertainment centers (final weight 3.98 percent) are respectively the seven key driving forces affecting the development of tourism in Alman village.

The findings of this study have a high convergence with the results of previous studies such as Mohammadi and et al. (2018), Hjalager and et al. (2018) and Kastenholz and et al. (2018). The development of rural tourism in Guilan province is a suitable approach for poverty alleviation in rural areas, reduction of migration to cities, sustainability and preservation of rural culture components, environment, natural resources and strengthening of self-esteem in rural areas. The support and removal of obstacles from the government in order to create a greater role for the private sector in rural tourism can lead to the development of employment and the improvement of capacities and infrastructures of rural tourism. Increasing the level of awareness and empowering the villagers along with their participation in the development process of rural tourism is one of the requirements for success in advancing the development goals of this sector.

This research aims to investigate the impact of utilizing smart capabilities on improving rural tourism and addressing rural challenges in the target villages of Khorasan Razavi Province.

The study’s statistical population comprised 261 tourists who either traveled to the villages or used virtual platforms to plan their visits. Due to the dispersed nature of the statistical population, a snowball sampling method was employed to select the sample. Data were collected through a questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS software, applying statistical tests. Additionally, to examine the impact of information and communication technologies (ICT) on the development of smart tourism in the studied villages, the PLS (Partial Least Squares) model was utilized.

The findings indicate that existing tourism capacities have a direct and significant impact on the development of smart tourism. Among the evaluated components, smart transportation emerged as the most influential. Key aspects of smart transportation include online and offline routing, route traffic information, interstate services, and other related benefits. Following smart transportation, communication tools were identified as the second most effective component in fostering smart tourism. These tools include email, telephone, internet sites, and participation in messaging platforms or channels. Additionally, the smart environment was found to play a significant role in the development of smart tourism. Features of the smart environment include the availability of robust antenna networks, internet connectivity at the village level, electronic banking services, and similar infrastructural advancements.

The results demonstrate that the average indicators related to virtual facilities in the studied villages exceed normal values. This indicates that the villages possess the necessary infrastructural and human resources to support the development of smart tourism. Furthermore, the analysis confirms that rural smart capabilities have a measurable impact on the advancement of smart tourism in the region.

The experience of many developed countries highlights that tourism development is a fundamental driver of national growth and should be prioritized accordingly. This research aims to investigate the impact of tourism on sustainable rural livelihoods in Kurdistan Province by comparing two groups: tourism-oriented villages and non-tourism villages.

This study adopts a quasi-experimental design, comparing data from tourism and non-tourism villages. A questionnaire was employed to gather the necessary information. Using Cochran's formula, the sample size was determined to be 350 households, consisting of 203 heads of households from tourism villages and 147 heads of households from non-tourism villages. Participants were selected randomly. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS and Excel software, with the reliability of the questionnaire confirmed by a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.82.

1. Livelihood Conditions: The one-sample t-test revealed that the five livelihood capitals (human, social, physical, natural, and financial) in both groups of villages were below average and in poor condition.
2. Comparison of Capitals: An independent t-test showed that the average human and social capital and total investment were significantly higher in tourism villages compared to non-tourism villages.
3. Livelihood Strategies: A Friedman test identified the key livelihood activities in each group:
Tourism Villages: Gardening. Agriculture, Local food sales, Handicraft sales, Home rentals, Sales of local dairy products, and Sales of local clothing.
Non-Tourism Villages: Gardening, Agriculture, Local dairy product sales, Animal husbandry, and Labor.

The findings demonstrate a significant difference between tourism and non-tourism villages in terms of livelihood capitals: human, social, physical, natural, financial, and total. The average levels of human capital, social capital, and overall livelihood assets were higher in tourism villages. These results underscore the positive role of tourism in enhancing sustainable rural livelihoods, particularly by diversifying income sources and strengthening human and social capital. Prioritizing tourism development in rural areas can thus contribute to broader economic and social improvements.

Taking a step in the path of sustainable development of rural tourism requires a comprehensive understanding and understanding of the state and degree of tourism sustainability. The development of tourism activities in different geographical areas, especially in rural areas, is doomed to failure, regardless of sustainability concepts and issues, because the development of tourism only in villages does not lead anywhere and the future of rural tourism activities and fields faces challenges and obstacles. If rural tourism is properly planned and managed with a sustainable approach, it may be the creator or driver of a development process in rural areas as well as the sustainability of local communities in all economic, social, cultural sub-branches as well as tourism activity. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out a scientific and accurate assessment of the sustainability situation in different dimensions, taking into account the sustainable tourism development approach. The best known tool for measuring the level of sustainability is the sustainability barometer; because this model is a useful tool in creating awareness of the sustainability of tourism and shows the planners and policy makers the direction of changes and the tolerance capacity of the tourist destinations. Therefore, the present study evaluates the sustainability of tourism in villages with potential in Neyshabur County using the barometer model. 

The descriptive-analytical research method has an applied purpose, and it is cross-sectional in terms of time. Information was collected using documentary and field methods. In this study, 13 villages of the city's tourism destination were identified and studied. The unit of analysis is 189 people from rural households who were randomly selected and participated in quantifying the sustainability of rural tourism under three dimensions with 40 indicators including environmental sustainability (16 variables), social (9 variables), economic (15 variables) dimensions. In the analysis of data in order to check the sustainability of rural tourism dimensions from the One Sample T- test, investigating the linear relationship between sustainability dimensions from Pearson's correlation coefficient, Non-statistical methods such as sustainability barometer and VIKOR were used to measure tourism sustainability and rank villages in terms of sustainability. 

According to the results, the average dimensions of rural tourism sustainability are significantly lower than the theoretical average (3). So that the average sustainability of rural tourism is 2.68. The average sustainability in the social dimension is 2.1 less than the sustainability in the economic dimension 2.25 and environmental 2.45. There is a significant relationship between the dimensions of sustainability of tourism. So that the relationship between ecological sustainability and social sustainability with moderate intensity of the direct incomplete type with 0.49, economic sustainability with social index with moderate intensity of the direct incomplete type with 0.43, environmental sustainability with direct economic sustainability with strong intensity and to The rate is 0.89. The state of sustainability of tourism development in the studied villages shows that the total sustainability score based on people's point of view is 0.26 and is relatively unstable And there is a significant difference between the studied villages in terms of tourism sustainability And in the environmental and social aspect, 92.31% of villages are in relatively unstable condition and 7.7% of villages are in unstable condition. Based on the results obtained from Vikor method, the lowest numerical value of Q is related to the villages of Dizbad Bala and Buzhan, which shows that sustainability indicators in these villages are more favorable than other villages. Considering that the highest numerical value of Q is related to the village of Qaleh Shisheh, it is the most unsuitable village in terms of sustainability.

The results of tourism sustainability based on the barometer method showed that the natural ecosystem welfare score is 0.26 and human welfare is 0.26. This shows that from the point of view of the local people, the sustainability of the human welfare system and ecosystem welfare is low, and tourism development in the studied villages is at a relatively unstable level. In fact, from the point of view of local people, the degree of stability of the system is low, and the development of tourism in the villages of the city's tourism destinations is relatively unstable. Despite the existence of instability in various dimensions in tourism destination villages, laws, policies and programs are being carried out without paying attention to the sustainability category. Therefore, in order to minimize the negative effects of tourism development in specific destinations and maximize positive goals, it is necessary to create a balance between the needs of visitors, tourism industry, environment and local communities.

In recent decades, the tourism sector is one of the most prominent sectors in the world economy due to its ability to generate income, employment and taxes. Tourism is known globally because it contributes to the economic and social development of the country. And as It is the main source of economic growth. In relation to rural areas, today rural tourism is a tool for rural revitalization. Rural tourism is one of the relatively new fields in rural development that can provide opportunities and facilities, especially for rural employment and income, and in the revitalization and renewal of rural areas. To be an effective village.Rural tourism is one of the relatively new areas in rural development, which can provide opportunities and facilities, especially for rural employment and income, and be effective in revitalizing and renovating rural areas. The importance of tourism in the process of rural development has been confirmed in many countries. Now, rural tourism is considered an industry that has potential sustainability. Considering the importance of tourism in the planning process of rural development, it is very important to pay attention to it in rural development plans and plans, especially local plans. 

Since the main goal of the current research was to investigate the effects of tourism in the rural areas of the central part of Baft county, an attempt has been made to realize the said goal by using the descriptive-analytical method and by using the quantitative method. In the present study, documentary and field survey methods were used to collect information and data. The statistical population of this research is in the central part of Baft city, there are 18 tourist-friendly villages with tourism potential, and all these 18 villages were selected to distribute and complete the questionnaire; The number of their families is 2512 people. And finally, using Cochran's formula, 333 people were selected as the sample size. Sampling of the target population was done by simple random method. Finally, a special quota has been considered for each of the 18 villages, which is proportional to the population of the villages. The main tool of the research was a questionnaire whose validity was checked through Cronbach's alpha (a = 0.9). Data analysis was done using SPSS and Amos software. In order to check the fit of the structural measurement model of tourism effects on rural development, the data collected with Amos software and Pearson and T statistical methods were analyzed. 

this research indicate that tourism development in the study area has led to various economic, social, environmental, and physical impacts, some of which are positive, while others are negative.In the economic dimension, tourism has generated employment and increased income, but its negative effects, including rising prices of goods, land speculation, and increased construction, have not been economically successful. In the social dimension, positive effects such as increased local attachment, familiarity, and increased interaction between ruralresidents and tourists were observed.In the environmental and physical factors, tourism has contributed to rural awareness of environmental conservation and improved service infrastructure. The impact coefficients obtained between tourism development and each of the four examined components are as follows: economic (0.94), physical (0.91), environmental (0.88), and social (0.79). Based on these results, in the studied villages, the greatest impact of tourism development can be in the economic and physical dimensions. 

 According to the findings of the research, all the path coefficients show high values, the intensity of which is more about the factor loadings of the observed variables of the economic and physical dimension scales than other scales, the influence coefficient obtained between tourism development and each of the four components The examined are: economic (0.94), physical (0.91), environmental (0.88) and social (0.79). Based on this, in the studied villages, the economic and physical aspects can have the greatest impact on rural development. Among the most important effects of tourism in rural areas from the social dimension, social participation, place belonging and protection of intangible heritage have the most effects on tourism development. From the economic aspects of tourism in rural areas, employment, income and investment are the most important economic effects of tourism on tourism development. Among the physical effects of tourism in rural areas, access to services and facilities has the highest correlation coefficient among the physical effects. Also, the destruction of resources and the protection of natural heritage are the most important environmental effects of tourism in the regions, some of which have positive and some negative aspects. According to the evaluations of tourism in the economic field, tourism has created employment and increased income, but its negative effects, such as the increase in the price of goods, land and housing, land speculation, and the increase in construction, especially in garden lands, have been economically successful. has not done But in the social fields, tourism has had many positive effects, such as increasing the belonging of villagers to their village, increasing the familiarity of villagers' interactions with tourists, and transferring ideas to rural areas, reducing migration, and improving individual and public health conditions. Therefore, tourism has been successful in the social context. From an environmental and physical point of view, tourism has made the villagers aware of preserving the environment and increasing service infrastructures, but it has brought many negative effects such as environmental pollution by tourists, change of use and encroachment on gardens. Based on the surveys, it was found that tourists mostly go to rural areas to use natural attractions such as Khabar National Park, caves, bird habitats, etc. These facilities and cultural and historical attractions rarely enter rural areas.Therefore, taking the necessary measures and providing more facilities and services, increasing advertisements and more awareness of tourists from the villages of the region can cause favorable economic, social and environmental effects and lay the foundation for the development of tourism in the villages of the city, and considering the high volume of tourism that The city faces it especially in the spring and winter season, it is possible to help the socio-economic development of the villages with correct and principled planning.

Rural participation and development is one of the most important concepts that have been discussed and investigated since a long time ago. The development of sustainable employment is focused on economic growth and sustainable rural development, which in connection with rural tourism can be fruitful in the direction of sustainable rural development. The purpose of the current research is to investigate the role of participation and rural development in rural tourism and the development of sustainable employment with the application of the rural multifunctionality index, which examines the issue using a mixed method.

This research, in terms of purpose is applid, and the research method used in it is a mixed that in the first phase, using the qualitative method of the expert panel, the opinions and consensus of the experts were collected and analyzed in order to extract the .....

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the Asian event of Hamedan 2018 and its effect on rural tourism in Hamedan province. The available documents and articles related to the Asian event in Hamedan 2018 were examined using the library method. After collecting qualitative data about the 2018 Hamedan Asian event, these data were qualitatively analyzed in the form of content analysis and its components were extracted. These data were collected and categorized with the help of organizations related to Hamedan Asian Event 2018 (provincial cultural heritage, Hamedan Asian Event 2018 secretariat, governorate, and villages). The research method was content analysis. The tool used in this research was interview and the sampling method was based on sampling up to the theoretical saturation point. The studied villages included Verkaneh, Moradbek Valley, and Abshineh. The findings of this research showed that by analyzing the content of the participants' answers, 6 main categories including regional reconstruction, customs, cultural programs, government role-playing, selling products, and religion and religious rituals were identified in the answers of the participants in the research. Also, in terms of the effects of Hamedan 2018 tourism event, the cultural and economic effects were more prominent than others. The pathology conducted in the said event showed that the environmental pollution and the effects of tourists on the beliefs and views of the hosts are among the significant things. According to the findings of this research, it seems that local and regional events and festivals are an opportunity for cultural and economic development in the target areas. Of course, it is very important to pay attention to the damage and threats of these events.

The main goal of the current research is to investigate and analyze the attitude of local residents towards the sustainable development of rural tourism to identify the opportunities and challenges of this type of tourism, which has been done with the case study of the villages of Alborz province. The research method is mixed, which uses the qualitative method of the research object in the first stage and the quantitative survey method in the second stage. The approach of the present research is sequential exploratory. The data collection tools are semi-structured interviews in the first stage and questionnaires in the second stage. According to the research findings in the qualitative phase, the experts and informants were selected using the purposeful sampling method, and finally, by aggregating 31 interviews, 134 raw propositions were extracted, which were extracted using the three-axis coding method in the form of open codes. They were classified as central and selective. Finally, among 134 raw propositions, 70 open codes, 21 core codes, and six selective codes were obtained. In the quantitative stage, analyzes were performed using SPSS26 and SmartPLS3 soft-ware. According to the quantitative findings of the obtained values, it was found that among the dimensions, the socio-cultural dimension has high values. According to the research results, the sus-tainable development of rural tourism will contribute to the qualitative development, organization, and management of rural tourism and attract investment in the tourism industry.

This research aims to provide guidelines for the sustainable development of rural tourism by using the future study of target villages for tourism in central Iran, which was carried out with a case study of Saryazd, the target village for tourism in the province of Yazd. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and is in the category of descriptive-analytical research. The research's statistical sample comprises ten experts with more than ten years of related experience selected by non-random snowball sampling. Data were collected through media scanning, written and digital sources, interviews, and questionnaires and were analyzed using MAXQDA software and quantitative content analysis techniques. The research method is based on the TAIDA technique, which will be used in future research and scenario development. The research findings showed that the most crucial strategy at the management level is creating a destination management/marketing organization (DMO) and developing a destination management plan (DMP). At the activity level, the training of the local community and their preparation for participation in rural tourism activities by experts and the creation of facilities by the public sector, such as tax exemption incentives for investors to invest in the village and rural tourism. At the task level, changing the water consumption pattern and familiarizing all stakeholders with new methods of water consumption and modern irrigation techniques are suggested guidelines to reach the desired future scenario.

Movies and TV series play an important role in attracting tourists to tourist destinations. Kazaj village in Khalkhal city hosted the filming of a part of a TV series in 2017. People and other stakeholders of tourism have different opinions about the effects of this film on village tourism. Based on this, the main goal of this research is to identify the set of effective factors in the effects of this film on tourism and to present related intellectual and mental models in this field. For this purpose, using library and field methods, the necessary data were collected from 15 experts, including the owners of ecotourism residences in the village, the villager, the owner of the filming location and some rural people familiar with this film, and through the Q analytical model and exploratory factor analysis was analyzed. The final results show that the effects of this film on village tourism, although it has had few effects in the field of promotion and introduction of the village, but the dimensions of the effects are very limited and small, and the level of attractiveness of the film and its location is low. Also, there are different mental models of film tourism in the village, the point of view of the promoters and encouragers to continue making such films, in contrast to the groups that do not consider such films beneficial in the village. It has created two or more different thought patterns related to film tourism.

This research aims to qualitatively-quantitatively analyze the relationship between regional advantages and effective factors in rural tourism entrepreneurship.

To explain the effective regional advantages in rural tourism ‎entrepreneurship, firstly, the analyzed indicators were collected using ‎theoretical references from various sources, and a qualitative interview ‎method was used to analyze the effective factors in rural tourism ‎entrepreneurship. Then, the overall results obtained from both steps of the ‎qualitative method were coded for analysis in the quantitative part, ‎using the structural equation model by Smart PLS software, were ‎analyzed.‎

In the variable of effective factors in rural tourism entrepreneurship, in the ‎institutional dimension, the factor of easy access to institutions and ‎cooperatives supporting entrepreneurial activities, and in the social ‎dimension,  the factor of not having stress in difficult situations showed the ‎highest level of influence. In the variable of regional advantages ‎effective in rural tourism entrepreneurship, in the political-legal dimension, ‎the factor of the existence of government incentives for entrepreneurs in ‎line with rural entrepreneurship, and in the infrastructural dimension, the ‎factor of access to the gasoline and fuel distribution point, showed the ‎highest level of influence. ‎

The research results show that the relationship between regional advantages and effective factors in rural tourism entrepreneurship is confirmed with a value of 4.39.

Innovation: 

Based on the background of the studies, efforts were made to fill the research gap. Several unique approaches were made to better understand rural tourism entrepreneurship. However, a mixed method (qualitative-quantitative) was used to select the most suitable model to investigate this relationship by evaluating different points of view. The findings of this study will be useful in future planning.