جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "گردشگری روستایی" در نشریات گروه "علوم انسانی"

Tourism potential is one of the unique assets of each country and region, and its identification, classification, and planning for tourism development are crucial. In recent decades, particularly since the 1990s, rural tourism development has gained increasing importance due to agricultural recession and the challenges faced by rural communities. This research aims to investigate the rural tourism potential of the Razaq district of Darab. Both documentary and field studies were used to collect information and data. Initially, data were gathered on various aspects of the region, including climatic parameters, geomorphology, geology, hydrogeology, and human-environment interactions. Necessary maps were created, including those for temperature, rainfall, hours of sunshine, erosion, slope, geology, faults, groundwater, surface waters, land use, communication lines, protected areas, and population centers. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) were used to analyze the data. Based on the gathered information, the study examines the attractions, facilities, services, and the current tourism status in the region. The TOPSIS model was then applied to rank and assess the tourism potential of the Razaq district. The results of the research indicated that the village of Layzangan, with a TOPSIS score of 612, was selected as the primary tourism site in the Razaq district.

The aim of the present study is to identify the factors influencing social entrepreneurship in rural tourism in Gilan Province and to propose a fuzzy cognitive model. This research is considered exploratory-applied in terms of purpose and mixed-method (exploratory sequential) in terms of research type. The statistical population in the first phase consisted of 10 experts, scholars, and faculty members in the fields of tourism and entrepreneurship with outstanding experience in Gilan Province, who participated in semi-structured interviews and the Delphi technique. In the second phase, the statistical population included social entrepreneurs in rural tourism from 2022 to 2024, with a minimum of three years of work experience, from whom 12 individuals were selected for the fuzzy methodological section. For the structural equation modeling (SEM) section, social entrepreneurs active in rural tourism in Gilan Province were selected, and due to the use of the SEM method, a minimum sample size of 200 individuals wasdetermined.In the first phase, a non-probability judgmental sampling method was applied. In the fuzzy methodological phase, a pairwise comparison questionnaire was distributed to social entrepreneurs in rural tourism using a non-probability judgmental sampling approach. In the structural equation modeling phase, a probability convenience sampling method was used to distribute the questionnaire.To identify the influencing factors in the first phase, thematic analysis was conducted, followed by the Delphi technique to confirm the components. The relationships between these factors were then determined using fuzzy cognitive modeling, with the aid of FCMapper and Mental Modeler software to identify the interrelationships among the factors. Finally, the extracted model was tested using structural equation modeling within the statistical sample.Through thematic analysis, 10 key influencing factors were identified: economic and financial factors, policy and planning factors, social capital utilization, community empowerment, cultural factors, environmental factors, technological and innovation factors, social entrepreneurship in rural tourism, social factors, and human capital.These 10 influencing factors were presented to tourism experts in Gilan Province in the form of a pairwise comparison questionnaire ranging from -1 to +1. The data obtained from the questionnaire were analyzed using fuzzy cognitive modeling, and the relationships among the factors were examined. The results indicated that the components of social entrepreneurship in rural tourism and community empowerment had the highest susceptibility to influence, while policy and planning factors, as well as economic and financial factors, exhibited the highest influencing power. Ultimately, social entrepreneurship in rural tourism and policy and planning factors achieved the highest central index.

In recent decades, the tourism sector is one of the most prominent sectors in the world economy due to its ability to generate income, employment and taxes. Tourism is known globally because it contributes to the economic and social development of the country. And as It is the main source of economic growth. In relation to rural areas, today rural tourism is a tool for rural revitalization. Rural tourism is one of the relatively new fields in rural development that can provide opportunities and facilities, especially for rural employment and income, and in the revitalization and renewal of rural areas. To be an effective village.Rural tourism is one of the relatively new areas in rural development, which can provide opportunities and facilities, especially for rural employment and income, and be effective in revitalizing and renovating rural areas. The importance of tourism in the process of rural development has been confirmed in many countries. Now, rural tourism is considered an industry that has potential sustainability. Considering the importance of tourism in the planning process of rural development, it is very important to pay attention to it in rural development plans and plans, especially local plans. 

Since the main goal of the current research was to investigate the effects of tourism in the rural areas of the central part of Baft county, an attempt has been made to realize the said goal by using the descriptive-analytical method and by using the quantitative method. In the present study, documentary and field survey methods were used to collect information and data. The statistical population of this research is in the central part of Baft city, there are 18 tourist-friendly villages with tourism potential, and all these 18 villages were selected to distribute and complete the questionnaire; The number of their families is 2512 people. And finally, using Cochran's formula, 333 people were selected as the sample size. Sampling of the target population was done by simple random method. Finally, a special quota has been considered for each of the 18 villages, which is proportional to the population of the villages. The main tool of the research was a questionnaire whose validity was checked through Cronbach's alpha (a = 0.9). Data analysis was done using SPSS and Amos software. In order to check the fit of the structural measurement model of tourism effects on rural development, the data collected with Amos software and Pearson and T statistical methods were analyzed. 

this research indicate that tourism development in the study area has led to various economic, social, environmental, and physical impacts, some of which are positive, while others are negative.In the economic dimension, tourism has generated employment and increased income, but its negative effects, including rising prices of goods, land speculation, and increased construction, have not been economically successful. In the social dimension, positive effects such as increased local attachment, familiarity, and increased interaction between ruralresidents and tourists were observed.In the environmental and physical factors, tourism has contributed to rural awareness of environmental conservation and improved service infrastructure. The impact coefficients obtained between tourism development and each of the four examined components are as follows: economic (0.94), physical (0.91), environmental (0.88), and social (0.79). Based on these results, in the studied villages, the greatest impact of tourism development can be in the economic and physical dimensions. 

 According to the findings of the research, all the path coefficients show high values, the intensity of which is more about the factor loadings of the observed variables of the economic and physical dimension scales than other scales, the influence coefficient obtained between tourism development and each of the four components The examined are: economic (0.94), physical (0.91), environmental (0.88) and social (0.79). Based on this, in the studied villages, the economic and physical aspects can have the greatest impact on rural development. Among the most important effects of tourism in rural areas from the social dimension, social participation, place belonging and protection of intangible heritage have the most effects on tourism development. From the economic aspects of tourism in rural areas, employment, income and investment are the most important economic effects of tourism on tourism development. Among the physical effects of tourism in rural areas, access to services and facilities has the highest correlation coefficient among the physical effects. Also, the destruction of resources and the protection of natural heritage are the most important environmental effects of tourism in the regions, some of which have positive and some negative aspects. According to the evaluations of tourism in the economic field, tourism has created employment and increased income, but its negative effects, such as the increase in the price of goods, land and housing, land speculation, and the increase in construction, especially in garden lands, have been economically successful. has not done But in the social fields, tourism has had many positive effects, such as increasing the belonging of villagers to their village, increasing the familiarity of villagers' interactions with tourists, and transferring ideas to rural areas, reducing migration, and improving individual and public health conditions. Therefore, tourism has been successful in the social context. From an environmental and physical point of view, tourism has made the villagers aware of preserving the environment and increasing service infrastructures, but it has brought many negative effects such as environmental pollution by tourists, change of use and encroachment on gardens. Based on the surveys, it was found that tourists mostly go to rural areas to use natural attractions such as Khabar National Park, caves, bird habitats, etc. These facilities and cultural and historical attractions rarely enter rural areas.Therefore, taking the necessary measures and providing more facilities and services, increasing advertisements and more awareness of tourists from the villages of the region can cause favorable economic, social and environmental effects and lay the foundation for the development of tourism in the villages of the city, and considering the high volume of tourism that The city faces it especially in the spring and winter season, it is possible to help the socio-economic development of the villages with correct and principled planning.

Rural participation and development is one of the most important concepts that have been discussed and investigated since a long time ago. The development of sustainable employment is focused on economic growth and sustainable rural development, which in connection with rural tourism can be fruitful in the direction of sustainable rural development. The purpose of the current research is to investigate the role of participation and rural development in rural tourism and the development of sustainable employment with the application of the rural multifunctionality index, which examines the issue using a mixed method.

This research, in terms of purpose is applid, and the research method used in it is a mixed that in the first phase, using the qualitative method of the expert panel, the opinions and consensus of the experts were collected and analyzed in order to extract the .....

Taking a step in the path of sustainable development of rural tourism requires a comprehensive understanding and understanding of the state and degree of tourism sustainability. The development of tourism activities in different geographical areas, especially in rural areas, is doomed to failure, regardless of sustainability concepts and issues, because the development of tourism only in villages does not lead anywhere and the future of rural tourism activities and fields faces challenges and obstacles. If rural tourism is properly planned and managed with a sustainable approach, it may be the creator or driver of a development process in rural areas as well as the sustainability of local communities in all economic, social, cultural sub-branches as well as tourism activity. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out a scientific and accurate assessment of the sustainability situation in different dimensions, taking into account the sustainable tourism development approach. The best known tool for measuring the level of sustainability is the sustainability barometer; because this model is a useful tool in creating awareness of the sustainability of tourism and shows the planners and policy makers the direction of changes and the tolerance capacity of the tourist destinations. Therefore, the present study evaluates the sustainability of tourism in villages with potential in Neyshabur County using the barometer model. 

The descriptive-analytical research method has an applied purpose, and it is cross-sectional in terms of time. Information was collected using documentary and field methods. In this study, 13 villages of the city's tourism destination were identified and studied. The unit of analysis is 189 people from rural households who were randomly selected and participated in quantifying the sustainability of rural tourism under three dimensions with 40 indicators including environmental sustainability (16 variables), social (9 variables), economic (15 variables) dimensions. In the analysis of data in order to check the sustainability of rural tourism dimensions from the One Sample T- test, investigating the linear relationship between sustainability dimensions from Pearson's correlation coefficient, Non-statistical methods such as sustainability barometer and VIKOR were used to measure tourism sustainability and rank villages in terms of sustainability. 

According to the results, the average dimensions of rural tourism sustainability are significantly lower than the theoretical average (3). So that the average sustainability of rural tourism is 2.68. The average sustainability in the social dimension is 2.1 less than the sustainability in the economic dimension 2.25 and environmental 2.45. There is a significant relationship between the dimensions of sustainability of tourism. So that the relationship between ecological sustainability and social sustainability with moderate intensity of the direct incomplete type with 0.49, economic sustainability with social index with moderate intensity of the direct incomplete type with 0.43, environmental sustainability with direct economic sustainability with strong intensity and to The rate is 0.89. The state of sustainability of tourism development in the studied villages shows that the total sustainability score based on people's point of view is 0.26 and is relatively unstable And there is a significant difference between the studied villages in terms of tourism sustainability And in the environmental and social aspect, 92.31% of villages are in relatively unstable condition and 7.7% of villages are in unstable condition. Based on the results obtained from Vikor method, the lowest numerical value of Q is related to the villages of Dizbad Bala and Buzhan, which shows that sustainability indicators in these villages are more favorable than other villages. Considering that the highest numerical value of Q is related to the village of Qaleh Shisheh, it is the most unsuitable village in terms of sustainability.

The results of tourism sustainability based on the barometer method showed that the natural ecosystem welfare score is 0.26 and human welfare is 0.26. This shows that from the point of view of the local people, the sustainability of the human welfare system and ecosystem welfare is low, and tourism development in the studied villages is at a relatively unstable level. In fact, from the point of view of local people, the degree of stability of the system is low, and the development of tourism in the villages of the city's tourism destinations is relatively unstable. Despite the existence of instability in various dimensions in tourism destination villages, laws, policies and programs are being carried out without paying attention to the sustainability category. Therefore, in order to minimize the negative effects of tourism development in specific destinations and maximize positive goals, it is necessary to create a balance between the needs of visitors, tourism industry, environment and local communities.

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the Asian event of Hamedan 2018 and its effect on rural tourism in Hamedan province. The available documents and articles related to the Asian event in Hamedan 2018 were examined using the library method. After collecting qualitative data about the 2018 Hamedan Asian event, these data were qualitatively analyzed in the form of content analysis and its components were extracted. These data were collected and categorized with the help of organizations related to Hamedan Asian Event 2018 (provincial cultural heritage, Hamedan Asian Event 2018 secretariat, governorate, and villages). The research method was content analysis. The tool used in this research was interview and the sampling method was based on sampling up to the theoretical saturation point. The studied villages included Verkaneh, Moradbek Valley, and Abshineh. The findings of this research showed that by analyzing the content of the participants' answers, 6 main categories including regional reconstruction, customs, cultural programs, government role-playing, selling products, and religion and religious rituals were identified in the answers of the participants in the research. Also, in terms of the effects of Hamedan 2018 tourism event, the cultural and economic effects were more prominent than others. The pathology conducted in the said event showed that the environmental pollution and the effects of tourists on the beliefs and views of the hosts are among the significant things. According to the findings of this research, it seems that local and regional events and festivals are an opportunity for cultural and economic development in the target areas. Of course, it is very important to pay attention to the damage and threats of these events.

The main goal of the current research is to investigate and analyze the attitude of local residents towards the sustainable development of rural tourism to identify the opportunities and challenges of this type of tourism, which has been done with the case study of the villages of Alborz province. The research method is mixed, which uses the qualitative method of the research object in the first stage and the quantitative survey method in the second stage. The approach of the present research is sequential exploratory. The data collection tools are semi-structured interviews in the first stage and questionnaires in the second stage. According to the research findings in the qualitative phase, the experts and informants were selected using the purposeful sampling method, and finally, by aggregating 31 interviews, 134 raw propositions were extracted, which were extracted using the three-axis coding method in the form of open codes. They were classified as central and selective. Finally, among 134 raw propositions, 70 open codes, 21 core codes, and six selective codes were obtained. In the quantitative stage, analyzes were performed using SPSS26 and SmartPLS3 soft-ware. According to the quantitative findings of the obtained values, it was found that among the dimensions, the socio-cultural dimension has high values. According to the research results, the sus-tainable development of rural tourism will contribute to the qualitative development, organization, and management of rural tourism and attract investment in the tourism industry.

This research aims to provide guidelines for the sustainable development of rural tourism by using the future study of target villages for tourism in central Iran, which was carried out with a case study of Saryazd, the target village for tourism in the province of Yazd. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and is in the category of descriptive-analytical research. The research's statistical sample comprises ten experts with more than ten years of related experience selected by non-random snowball sampling. Data were collected through media scanning, written and digital sources, interviews, and questionnaires and were analyzed using MAXQDA software and quantitative content analysis techniques. The research method is based on the TAIDA technique, which will be used in future research and scenario development. The research findings showed that the most crucial strategy at the management level is creating a destination management/marketing organization (DMO) and developing a destination management plan (DMP). At the activity level, the training of the local community and their preparation for participation in rural tourism activities by experts and the creation of facilities by the public sector, such as tax exemption incentives for investors to invest in the village and rural tourism. At the task level, changing the water consumption pattern and familiarizing all stakeholders with new methods of water consumption and modern irrigation techniques are suggested guidelines to reach the desired future scenario.

Movies and TV series play an important role in attracting tourists to tourist destinations. Kazaj village in Khalkhal city hosted the filming of a part of a TV series in 2017. People and other stakeholders of tourism have different opinions about the effects of this film on village tourism. Based on this, the main goal of this research is to identify the set of effective factors in the effects of this film on tourism and to present related intellectual and mental models in this field. For this purpose, using library and field methods, the necessary data were collected from 15 experts, including the owners of ecotourism residences in the village, the villager, the owner of the filming location and some rural people familiar with this film, and through the Q analytical model and exploratory factor analysis was analyzed. The final results show that the effects of this film on village tourism, although it has had few effects in the field of promotion and introduction of the village, but the dimensions of the effects are very limited and small, and the level of attractiveness of the film and its location is low. Also, there are different mental models of film tourism in the village, the point of view of the promoters and encouragers to continue making such films, in contrast to the groups that do not consider such films beneficial in the village. It has created two or more different thought patterns related to film tourism.

This research aims to qualitatively-quantitatively analyze the relationship between regional advantages and effective factors in rural tourism entrepreneurship.

To explain the effective regional advantages in rural tourism ‎entrepreneurship, firstly, the analyzed indicators were collected using ‎theoretical references from various sources, and a qualitative interview ‎method was used to analyze the effective factors in rural tourism ‎entrepreneurship. Then, the overall results obtained from both steps of the ‎qualitative method were coded for analysis in the quantitative part, ‎using the structural equation model by Smart PLS software, were ‎analyzed.‎

In the variable of effective factors in rural tourism entrepreneurship, in the ‎institutional dimension, the factor of easy access to institutions and ‎cooperatives supporting entrepreneurial activities, and in the social ‎dimension,  the factor of not having stress in difficult situations showed the ‎highest level of influence. In the variable of regional advantages ‎effective in rural tourism entrepreneurship, in the political-legal dimension, ‎the factor of the existence of government incentives for entrepreneurs in ‎line with rural entrepreneurship, and in the infrastructural dimension, the ‎factor of access to the gasoline and fuel distribution point, showed the ‎highest level of influence. ‎

The research results show that the relationship between regional advantages and effective factors in rural tourism entrepreneurship is confirmed with a value of 4.39.

Innovation: 

Based on the background of the studies, efforts were made to fill the research gap. Several unique approaches were made to better understand rural tourism entrepreneurship. However, a mixed method (qualitative-quantitative) was used to select the most suitable model to investigate this relationship by evaluating different points of view. The findings of this study will be useful in future planning.

In today's age, information and communication technology has many effects on the rural tourism industry, which can play a major role in empowering local people, creating job opportunities, reducing unemployment, and preventing excessive migration from rural areas. The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of information and communication technology on rural tourism. This research is applied in terms of purpose and is based on a descriptive-analytical nature. The statistical population of the research is nine tourism target villages in Bushehr province, with a population of 10733 people. The sample size was estimated to be 371 people based on Cochran's formula. The distribution of the number of samples in the villages is proportional to their population, and the method of distribution of the questionnaires has been random and systematic. In order to analyze the issue, four indicators of information and communication technology were used in the form of 38 items. The face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed based on the opinions of experts, and its reliability was estimated based on Cronbach's alpha of 0.82. The results indicate that the individual effects of information and communication technology with a beta coefficient of 0.590 have the greatest role in explaining rural tourism and explain 0.319 of the total tourism variance. And the index of infrastructural effects with a beta coefficient of 0.198 has the least effect on tourism development and explains only 0.004 of the total variance. The results of the VIKOR technique for leveling villages based on information and communication technology indicators showed that out of the nine studied villages, only the North Island village is in good condition. Other villages are in moderate-to-very poor condition.

The purpose of this study is to conduct strategic planning for the development of tourism in North Khorasan villages based on competitive identity. The required data and information were collected using both library and survey methods. The sample consists of 40 experts familiar with the subject, selected using the snowball method. The Meta-SWOT tool was used to analyze the data and provide a competitive and strategic map. The results show that, in the regional competition map, Khorasan Razavi’s rural tourism, with a score of 5 on the x-axis (economic development), has the highest possible score and is considered the main competitor of North Khorasan’s rural tourism, which has an approximate score of 3.5. On the y-axis, which represents the socio-cultural dimension, the rural tourism of North Khorasan and Razavi are close to each other indicating that Razavi Khorasan and Golestan being the most important competitors in this dimension. On the strategic map, the historical tourism and rural eco-tourism capacity of North Khorasan, along with its bazaars, border crossings, and adjacency to the Razavi Khorasan tourist hub, have the highest strategic compatibility for strategic planning, with scores above 4 on the x-axis.

The current research aims to investigate the economic resilience of the touristic villages of Rasht County against the Covid-19 disease. The current research is applied according to its purpose and the study method is descriptive-analytical according to the method and nature of the research. To collect information, library methods, documents, direct observation methods and field methods have been used. And in order to analyze the data, SPSS software, GIS and Mamdani and Dimtel fuzzy models have been used. Based on the data analysis, the economic resilience of touristic villages in Rasht County against the corona disease is very low. And based on the results of Detmel's model; The indicators (job and activity flexibility, having economic and financial support, having economic and financial capability, flexibility against shocks and finally economic innovation and creativity) are placed in the positive half of the diagram of causal factors. which shows the high influence of these indicators and the indicators (psychological flexibility, solution-seeking, low economic vulnerability, adaptability and adaptability, financial management) are placed in the negative half of the chart of disabled factors which shows the high effectiveness of these indicators. Based on this, it was determined that among the cause indicators, in order: economic innovation and creativity, having economic and financial support, having economic and financial capability, job and activity flexibility, having support economic and financial), have the most and the least influence on the longevity of people in the tourism sector. In the following, the results of the spatial analysis of the villages of Rasht County based on their economic resilience against Corona showed that more than half of the studied villages have economic resilience against Corona in the range of (low and high) is low).

Analyzing tourists' photos' visual content proves to be an effective method for understanding their behaviors and preferences in tourism destinations. This approach can serve as a valuable tool for precision marketing of tourism destinations, including tourist villages. The present study employed a novel methodology by conducting visual analysis of data. The analysis considered the characteristics of the photos, describing the observable appearance of themes and specific features within the collection. Subsequently, the most significant items, their frequency, simultaneity, and categories were identified and the relevant items were coded. For this study, a sample of 548 uploaded photos of Iranian villages on Flickr was selected and analyzed. Through the photo analysis, 21 dominant scenes in villages were identified and further classified into 5 attractions and 9 types of tourism. ArcGIS was employed for spatial analysis to examine differences in tourists' perceptions and behaviors. The study findings revealed that attractions, such as landscapes, infrastructure, and scenes of rural houses had captured the interest of tourists visiting Iranian rural destinations. These attractions were perceived more frequently compared to others. Additionally, among the various types of tourism, rural tourism emerged as the predominant perception among tourists. 

Understanding of competitive advantages, tourist behavior, and local attractions that appeal to tourists is crucial for effective tourism planning and management. In recent times, various types of data have been utilized in destinations to gain insights into tourists' behavioral patterns and develop competitive advantages. One prominent type of data that has gained popularity is tourist-generated photos taken at different destinations and tourist attractions. As visitors explore a destination, they capture photos that reflect their personal interpretation of the natural, social, physical, and cultural attractions they encounter. These photos and videos serve as a valuable source of information about diverse tourist destinations and sharing them on the internet and public virtual platforms allows for the dissemination of beauty, cultural richness, destination value, lifestyle, and specific activities. In the age of the internet, many tourists share their travel photos on social media and online galleries to document and share their experiences with friends and family. The choice of photos for uploading and sharing reflects their personal opinions about the visited destinations, which directly influence other travel and tourism enthusiasts, as a picture is worth a thousand words. In other words, photos or images play a vital role in conveying the image of a tourism destination and nowadays, travel destinations are predominantly promoted through captivating photographs. Therefore, the photos shared by tourists have the potential to disseminate their experiences related to the lifestyle, cultural aspects, activities, livelihood, and natural attractions of local communities.

The objective of this study was to identify tourist categories from various countries and analyze their perceptions and behavioral patterns in rural tourism destinations in Iran. The analysis was conducted through visual content analysis of the photos taken by tourists. All rural areas of Iran with photos published on Flickr by tourists were included in the study. In the past, accessing such images presented methodological challenges. However, in the digital age, many tourists willingly share their photos online and provide geotags, making it relatively easy to access a representative collection of photographs for a specific destination. Building upon the work of Zhang et al. (2019), visual content analysis was employed in this study. The systematic and observational method was utilized to explore how this phenomenon was represented. This method enabled the categorization of observable content into distinct groups. The analysis considered the characteristics of the photos. Initially, the visible themes and specific features of the collection were described followed by the identification of the most significant items, their frequency, simultaneity, and categories. Subsequently, the relevant items were coded. 

In total, 21 distinct scenes were identified from the analysis of the photos. The analysis of photos shared by tourists from different countries revealed variations in their perceptions of rural scenery. European and North American tourists primarily focused on rural houses and landscapes. Asian tourists showed a greater interest in religious buildings and rural houses. Historical sites and rural houses attracted more North American tourists. Similarly, tourists from Oceania expressed a strong interest in historical sites and wildlife. Moreover, the analysis of differences among various continents in terms of the 21 scenes perceived by tourists indicated that most tourists from four continents perceived scenes, such as historical sites, rural houses, traditional attire, and rural lifestyle. These scenes were found to capture the interest of tourists from different continents and cultures. However, scenes depicting cooperation among villagers, music, rivers, and transportation routes were primarily noticed and appreciated by European tourists. The spatial distribution analysis of foreign tourists' trails in rural destinations provided insights into their overall behavioral patterns. According to the ArcGIS output, European tourists had the most extensive trail coverage. Meymand Village in Kerman Province and Abyaneh Village in Isfahan Province were the most observed trails for European tourists. Notably, both villages are UNESCO World Heritage sites in Iran and boast unique and distinctive architectural styles compared to other villages. In terms of trail distribution, North American tourists ranked second with a majority of their trails observed in Abyaneh and Nazarabad villages, both located in Isfahan Province. Asia ranked third in terms of trail distribution after Europe and North America with most trails observed in Chak Chak Village. This village located in Yazd Province holds significant religious importance as one of the holiest places of worship for Zarathustra's followers.

This study aimed to investigate and analyze the perceptions and behavioral patterns of foreign tourists in rural destinations. The findings highlighted the diverse range of tourist attractions in Iranian rural areas, which offered significant tourism opportunities for foreign tourists and served as a competitive advantage for rural destinations. These attractions had a direct impact on tourists' interest and engagement. Considering the varied preferences and perceptions of foreign tourists towards rural destinations, the management organizations responsible for rural tourism can adopt tailored marketing strategies to effectively promote rural tourism destinations. For example, specific rural tourism packages can be designed and marketed to cater to the preferences of tourists from Asian and Oceanian countries, aligning with their perceptions. Furthermore, based on the observed behaviors of tourists, it is evident that greater emphasis should be placed on promoting rural tourist attractions that offer captivating landscapes and historical and ancient sites, as well as social and cultural experiences. These elements are the key factors in attracting and engaging foreign tourists in rural destinations. In conclusion, the findings of this study highlighted the importance of understanding tourists' perceptions and behaviors in rural tourism destinations. By leveraging the diverse attractions and adopting targeted marketing strategies, rural destinations in Iran can enhance their appeal and competitiveness in the global tourism market.

The ecosystem of tourism entrepreneurship is a fluid and multidimensional concept, and its recognition requires attention to all aspects. The purpose of this study is to present a behavioral model of the actors of the rural tourism entrepreneurship ecosystem with an approach based on the future research approach. In the first place, the key players of the rural tourism entrepreneurship ecosystem were identified, and then their behavioral patterns were analyzed by expert experts regarding tourism entrepreneurship development strategies. In terms of orientation, the method of this research is of an applied type with a qualitative aspect and a survey strategy. Its statistical population consists of 25 executive and academic elites in Jiroft city. For this purpose, by using the actor analysis technique and the strategic planning simulation tool called MACTOR, the degree of influence of the key players in the field of rural tourism entrepreneurship in Jiroft city on each other and the degree of their influence on each other, as well as the position of each of Actors against goals (actor-actor and actor-goals matrices) were identified. A total of six key actors were identified. The most insistence of actors on strategies such as the exploitation of local human forces due to the existence of suitable capacities in the rural tourism sector and unanswered needs, and the least on clarifying businesses and preventing the destruction of natural resources through allocated credits and incentive and punitive policies (S5) is.