جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "arab" در نشریات گروه "علوم انسانی"

Britain and the Arab tribes of Khuzestan (1925-1941)AbstractIn the early 20th century, the British government assumed a significant role in shaping the internal landscape of Iran through the acquisition of oil concessions and the establishment of the Anglo-Persian Oil Company. However, the eruption of the First World War (1914-1918) and the Russian Revolution (1917) posed a formidable challenge to the continuation of British hegemony over the operational areas of the oil company. Consequently, London embarked on formulating a novel strategy that accorded utmost importance to the consolidation of power within Iran, considering it as the cornerstone of its foreign policy. The ascension of Reza Shah (1925-1941) and his authoritarian approach towards modernization and the centralization of political authority inevitably clashed with the interests of the Arab tribes, leading to population displacement and extensive migration of the Khuzestani tribes to neighboring Arab countries. This study endeavors to address the following question: What was the nature of the relationship between Reza Shah and the Arab tribes of Khuzestan? The central hypothesis posited in this research contends that the support strategy employed by the British government and the oil company, aimed at concentrating political power and fostering modernization in Iran, proved effective in mitigating population displacement and large-scale migration of Arab tribes to neighboring nations.Keyword: Britain, Iran, oil, Arab tribes.AbstractIn the early 20th century, the British government assumed a significant role in shaping the internal landscape of Iran through the acquisition of oil concessions and the establishment of the Anglo-Persian Oil Company. However, the eruption of the First World War (1914-1918) and the Russian Revolution (1917) posed a formidable challenge to the continuation of British hegemony over the operational areas of the oil company. Consequently, London embarked on formulating a novel strategy that accorded utmost importance to the consolidation of power within Iran, considering it as the cornerstone of its foreign policy.

The phenomena, through which, a person knows himself and others is an identity. The purpose of this study is to investigate the situation and analyze identity networks of youths from different ethnicities as well as to understand their complexities and priorities. Highlighting these networks can help us understand the identity patterns of Iranian teenagers. As such, the identity elements of youths have been investigated based on the compositional theoretical framework. In this research, a quantitative approach was taken using a survey technique and the data collection tool was a questionnaire. The statistical population consisted of youths in the cities of Zahedan, Ahvaz, Urmia, Sanandaj and Gorgan. In this study, the statistical sample includes 2000 people. After collecting the data, SPSS, AMOS and UCINET software were used and the dimensions of identity were drawn in the form of tables and graphs. With reference to the analysis of the network of identity resources of youths, it can be said that civic identity is not related to the rest of identity resources, and this lack of connection includes the structures within the range of national identity as well as the remaining structures of identity dimensions. Referring to this issue, it seems that cultural structures play an infrastructural and fundamental role in identifying adolescence, and the behavioral, historical and political dimensions of identity are influenced by culture and since the culture element is motivational, cognitive and behavioral; it is the main factor of communication between all identity domains of a person.

In Iran, the beginning of feminist movements happened during the Qajar period. On the margins of the constitutional revolution, the women's feminist movement became active. Arab neighboring countries also started a movement by female poets who felt inferior and tried to make their peers aware of the minimum citizenship rights through their writings. Affinities can be observed between the social themes of the poems of Alam Taj Qaim Maqami and Ghada Al-Saman with themes such as defending women's rights, revitalizing women's identity in Islamic society, seeking social justice. This article tries to answer the question whether the feminist movement in Persian and Arabic literature took place at the same time or not? The author's hypothesis is based on the fact that the poems of these two poets are a clear expression of the sufferings and oppression of women in Persian and Arabic literature. The author's hypothesis is based on the fact that the poems of these two poets are a clear expression of the sufferings and oppression of women in Persian and Arabic literature. It is Arabic.

"Cities of Salt" by Abdul Rahman Munif, which is about the confrontation between the Arabs and the West over the discovery of oil, deals with Arab and Western other's cultural patterns from opposite perspectives. Due to the prominent role of cultural patterns in the direction of relations between nations and the need for a proper understanding of cultural patterns to achieve conscious social and human change, as well as the vital role of literature in expressing cultural patterns, this article has tried to examine two important issues: the western position against implicit Arab cultural patterns and the contexts that have led to the acceptance or rejection of these cultural patterns. The research method of this article is cultural critical analysis. It can be mentioned that the western figures tried to explain the implicit cultural patterns of Arabs, but they were in the trap of not knowing the background of these patterns and they have tried to interpret Arabic patterns based on most of their experiences. The use of Arab cultural patterns by Westerners in order to experimentally gain acceptance in Arabic and achieve their own political interests is one of the other findings of this research.

Clothing, like other phenomena of life, has gone through a complete history and has entered the modern stage from the beginning. Man wears clothes with two purposes, to cover himself and to protect against the weather, and for this reason ,each ethnic group chooses its clothes according to the natural climate of the region where they live. The Arab and Bakhtiari tribes are important tribes of Khuzestan, each of which has its own style of clothing. The diversity of Khuzestani women's clothing is influenced by geographical and environmental diversity, as well as artistic tastes and social and cultural interests. The present article uses a descriptive-analytical approach and library resources, and seeks to examine the status of Khuzestani women (Arab, Bakhtiari) based on the reports of travel writers who were part of the written history of this period from the first Islamic period to the Qajar period. is. The results show that factors such as weather conditions, beliefs and traditions, age, social class and living conditions affect the coverage of women in these areas.

Music plays a prominent role in contemporary poetry's structure and arouses the emotions of the audience while enhancing the beauty of the verses. The undeniable connection between poetry and music is evident because the beauty and longevity of any poem depend on its utilization of music. With that in mind, Mahmoud Darvish and Qahar Aasi are among the poets who have shown special attention to this aesthetic element. In Darvish’s poems, there is an epic spirit, which characterizes as a guard/ weapon to protect the land of Palestine. Similarly, Aasi's recent poem, "From the Fire and the Silk", shows his patriotic spirit. Both of these poets have tried to integrate music in their poems to deliver the message to their audience in a more beautiful and attractive way. The current research examines the element of music in Mahmoud Darvish's poetry collection, "Almond Blossoms and Beyond", and Qahar Aasi’s collection "From the Fire and the Silk". Using a descriptive-analytical approach and precise statistical analysis of selected poems from both poets, the investigations indicate that they share common themes in their poetry, but the authors seek to illuminate the method of employing music in the poetry of these two poets and the harmony between music and its content. The results demonstrate differences in the utilization of music and its relationship with the content and subject matter of the poetry by the two poets. However, the connection between music, content, emotions, and thoughts is a matter that can always be observed in their poetry.

In theories of ethnic identity, belonging to an ethnicity varies with respect to ethnic policies, economic conditions, the extent of social system closure, etc., which may lose its role and importance in one period and become the dominant identity in another. The goal of this article is to evaluate the of ethnic identity in the city of Ahvaz from the second Pahlavi era to the Islamic Republic period. The research data were obtained based on the life history technique and through semi-structured qualitative interviews to identify and understand the mentality of people whose lived experience was formed in Ahvaz. To analyze the interviews, the matic content analysis method was used, through which ten primary themes and three central themes were identified. The central themes in the second Pahlavi period is "Ethnic Identity in the Path of Integration", in the period of the revolution until the end of the war is "Ethnic Identity in the path of Differentiation". The results show that compared to the past periods, the Bakhtiari and Arab people in Ahvaz have a greater tendency to identification based on ethnicity, and ethnic identity has become a strong and effective identity in the urban society of Ahvaz.

Ethnic identity is a fluid phenomenon that, due to social developments, experiences different situations. Ahvaz in the second Pahlavi period, for numerous reasons, including oil reconnaissance, changed its socio-cultural structure. Accordingly, the purpose of this research is to answer the question of what ethnic identity was in this historical period? In other words, was the ethnic identity of the Bakhtiari and Arab peoples strengthened or weakened in the second Pahlavi period? To answer these questions, it used a semi-structured qualitative interview technique with those who had lived in the city during the second Pahlavi period. Research data has been analyzed through the Thematic analysis method, and has extracted the four primary themes of the growth of inter-ethnic interactions, the weakening of ethnic culture, ethnic ignorance, the identity unification policy of the Pahlavi government, and a central theme entitled ethnic identity on the path to integration. The results show that ethnic identity had weakened in that historical period and new identities had emerged in society

The story of "Arab and the jugs of Water" is one of the stories which have been published in Masnavi of Mawlānā and MusibatNama of Attar. This story has been studied from various angles such as social, mystical, ethical teachings, etc. In this regard, the analysis of this subject has been studied from the perspective of personality psychology with the approach of humanism based on the theory of Abraham Mazlou(1908-1970). The general plot of the story is about a dialog between an Arab and his wife by which their personalities are showed and analyzed.Which is the stage of perfection from the viewpoint of the mystics. The article tries to answer this question Are material needs affecting the mood of people And has man been able to attain perfection by disregarding material things? And finally, it can be seen how the Arab woman with tricks and anger and engagement with worldly appearances and material in the very early stages of the material needs remained, and no progress was made in his life, but the Arabs died with Patience and disregard for materiality reaches the peak of self-actualization, which is the stage of perfection from the viewpoint of the mystics.

Women have had a significant role in social changes, particularly political participation, in post-revolution Iran. In this regard, this study aims to achieve the sociological explanation of the political participation of Bakhtiari Lur and Arab women in Khuzestan province in 2019. The study design was descriptive-correlational. The questionnaire was used, the validity and reliability of which were approved under the supervision of experts and Cronbach’s alpha test (0.77), respectively. The population included female citizens over 18 years old and the sample size was calculated 584 based on Cochran’s formula and simple random sampling. The data analysis showed that the mean of the political participation of Bakhtiari Lor women (39.72) was more than Arab women (32.01). Furthermore, the tendency towards political participation among single women (35.01) was more than married women (33.10). Finally, considering the ethnic groups, Bakhtiari Lor women (33.56) had more tendency towards political participation compared with Arab women (27.15).

India’s West Asia policy discourse has traditionally revolved around its energy dependency, security and the welfare of the 7 million Indians living in the region. In recent years, particularly since the coming of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) to power in 2014, the issues of counterterrorism, security, defence cooperation and non-oil trade have gained in importance. This qualitative shift is partially guided and supported by both pragmatism and the ideological differences that the BJP and its predecessor, the Bharatiya Jana Sangh (BJS), had been maintaining against the West Asia policy of the earlier governments led by the Congress party. Through explaining the ideological perspectives of the Indian National Congress (INC) and the BJP, this article argues that the changing global and West Asian landscape, the consolidation of Chinese influence in and around India’s land and maritime boundaries, the instability in the energy market and the insecurity of the Arab uprising–hit West Asian monarchies have provided the BJP government an opportune time to rethink and reorient India’s relations with West Asia. While ideological determinants dominate the public discourse, as the BJP’s top leadership elaborates in the public domain, the policy choices made are not always in tune with these. Prime Minister Narendra Modi has often preferred the pragmatic to the ideological, and this he has done over the expectations of his party and supporters.

Despite of being a small religious sect, the Mandaeans, in the period of the rise and spread of Christianity or after the rise of Islam, especially after emerging of Arab and Islamic civilization during the Abbasid period, in the development of spiritual and intellectual life in Mesopotamia and the lands where They did, they played a prominent role, and among them brilliant scientific personalities made a great contribution to the promotion of Arab and Islamic civilization. Unfortunately, in spite of mentioning the religion of some other writers of their time, the historians have limited themselves to the biography and mention of their literature and sciences, without mentioning their religion; but this is acceptable because of the Mandaeans' insistence on keeping secret or the fear of announcing their religion or the lack of transparency in the philosophy of this religion. The findings of the present article show that there were Mandaeans personalities who had a valuable contribution to Islamic civilization and culture, and some of them became Muslims later, which were not addressed in previous research. The study seeks to find the influence and role of the intellectuals of this religious sect in promoting different cultures and sciences and ethics for the development of spiritual and intellectual life in the lands of their residence through descriptive – analytical and library methods in collecting data.

The buried remains of the ruins of Sar-Mashhad represent a great city that belonged to the Sassanian-Islamic era. In 1979, Whitcomb succeeded in identifying the ruins of the ancient city ofGhandijan in the south of Kazeroon and the historic route of Shiraz to Tawwaj. Today, it is definitely clear that Ghandijan is the same as Sar-Mashhad, which is 84km. south of Kazeroon. Considering the remains of the ancient site, it seems that this city had thrived during the Sassanid era, at the beginning of the Islamic era, and during the second and third centuries, but was emptied during the seventh and eight centuries. The purpose of this article is to provide another interpretation of the mint mark GWDAN on a number of Arab-Sassanian coins dating back to the reign of Calipha Umar ibnUbayd Allah ibnM’mar.. However, if this mint mark instead signifies GNDAN, then it would correspond to the ancient city of Ghandijan according to linguistic and archaeological evidences, which is located in the Pars province near the city of Tawwaj.

Ethnic diversity in Iran on one hand, and attempts to create a coherent national identity since the first Pahlavi era on the other, raise the question of how ethnic and national identities are associated in Iran. Although there have been random studies concerned directly and indirectly with issues at hand, the findings, generally, have not yet been conclusive. Therefore, this paper yields a meta-analysis of the findings of 50 research articles dealing with the question of the relationship between the two identity types in Iran. The findings suggest that ethnicity is a more sensitive issue among Kurd and Arab citizens. Research problem, in the current study, further, is to provide and account for “why” and “how” of ethnic identify activation and the role of media in this regard. Forty percent of the articles treated both identities the same and forty-eight percent of them viewed the media and globalization as the factors contributing to the activation of ethnic identity. In all the papers, national identity was deemed multiple and combinatorial, and only for Kurds and Arabs, belonging to their ethnic identity was stronger than their national identity. A positivistic approach and quantitative method, and in particular, the use questionnaires were a characteristic feature of the research sample.

The Iran-Arab relations, dating back to the far past, i.e. to the time of Achaemenid Empire, was based on the principle of good neighborliness. These relations rose to perfection with the advent of Islam and conversion of the Iranians to the new religion. Increased interactions between the two nations deeply affected language, culture and literary productions. An example of the mutual influence of the two nations could be the cultural symbols such as proverbs and sayings, manifested in both Persian and Arabic languages. A comparison of the two cultures and languages will show their cultural exchanges and the degree of impressionability from each other. In this paper, we will review linguistic exchanges and the importance of proverbs in Iranian and Arab cultures by using an inductive-deductive method. We have also studied some commonalities in Iranian-Arab proverbs and used them as cultural media for identifying commonalities in the two civilizations. It was understood through this survey that some Arab proverbs have their roots in Iranian culture and vice versa. Also, many of the proverbs have joint roots that depict the joint experience of the two nations as well as their cultural relations, commonalities, and interactions.

Dialogue has a history as long as the history of human being and it has been embedded in the nature or man. Its excellence and magnificence have an unbreakable link with human nature. Humans started dialogue with one another ever since he attained a level of social life and accordingly diversity and difference in opinions and in understandings appeared. In the course of history, various scientists and thinkers have studied this from various perspectives but the common point in the meantime is the need for dialogue among humans, social institutions and classes, in all fields and subjects needed. The Holy Quran highlights the status and authenticity of dialogue not only by the type, methods and subject matters, but also stressed on its form and purposeful and constructive content as an urgent and natural issue in order to facilitate the ideals, goals and excellence of Islamic community in various individual and groups levels. Since great experts of future studies consider the two main Islamic tenets of “spirituality and culture” as the two future paradigms of humanity, it is necessary for Iran and the Arab world to resort to the Quranic tradition of constructive and purposeful dialogues, in order to pave the ground for a civilized, cultural and spiritualistic society based on human capacities and capabilities. The principal question of this research paper deals with the status and role of constructive Quranic dialogues in the civilized society before Iran and the Arab world. The research method is library based.

Jews presence in Arabian Peninsula dates back to the pre Islamic era. It seems that they had frequently been migrating to the region. Having no evidence of the existence of scholarly Jews among Arabs, which points to the illiteracy comparing to their counterparts in other regions, yet they greatly influenced on Arab society. In Islamic era, although Jewish scholars had no considerable interaction with the holy Prophet as for having lesser knowledge, after the demise of the prophet Muslims dealing with the new Jew converters (Ahbar) inject no good elements from Jewish culture to the Islamic body. In early stages of Islamic civilization, however, Muslims made mutual interaction with the conquered inhabitants including Jewish scholars. This research argues that the different degrees of knowledge existed among Arab and non- Arab Jews led to the bilateral effect on Islamic culture. The findings show the subversion of some Islamic teachings in early Islamic era. In early stages of Islamic civilization, however, there was a mutual interaction between Muslims and Jewish scholars.

During the recent years, we have seen an aggravation of entanglements between the Shiites and Sunnites in various regions of the world, including some of the Islamic countries in southeast Asia such as Indonesia and Malaysia. Some of the fanatic religious groups have attempted to remove and marginalize the Shiite minority in the region, claiming that Shiism is an emergent and strange phenomenon in the region and that Shiism has had no role in the process of Islamization and Islamic culture and civilization in the southeast Asia. On the other hand, in spite of many manipulations for obliteration or alteration of historical sources regarding the role of Shiism in the region, it has had - according to undeniable historical evidences available now – an important role in introduction and diffusion of Islam as well as Islamic culture and civilization in the region. This article has attempted to investigate various theories regarding the origin of introduction and diffusion of Islam in southeast Asia, and deals with the role of Shiism in four hypotheses on its origin as Arabic, Indian, Iranian and Chinese. It also deals with some cultural and religious effects of Shiism in that region.

Centuries of 7th and 8th AH is a period of historiographic growth in Iran and the Muslim World. After many years of internal tensions and instability between proponents of two different perspectives in socio-political order, namely nomadic life and plundering strategies (Mongols) and political centralization (Iranians), the Ilkhanid state in Iran got to a level of relatively stable and strength at the beginning of the 8th century AH. In addition, conversion to Islam by Ghazan, led to a new political order in which Iran and Ilkhanid state was considered a major state in the Islamic World. However, conflicts with neighboring countries particularly with Egypt and Syria that were already started from the establishment of the Ilkhanid state continued. Thus, in Iran and Muslim world particularly in Egypt and Syria Relations between Muslim states were of major issues in this movement of historiography. Iranian historians took this advantage to draw attentions to Iranian identity and geographical boundaries with particular focus on its historical background. This new approach in historiography ultimately led to such a deep reconsideration of Irano-Arab relations through historical accounts and poem that was not witnessed since Ferdowsi. Simultaneously one can realize that in Arab historical accounts such as works of Qalqashandi and Umari, Iran is seen as an independent country with relatively known boundaries and Ilkhanid state is tied to Iranian deep history and dynastic kingship. In this study, as for to reflection of conflicts between Ilkhanid and Mamluks in historical sources, interprets the approach of Iranian and Arab historians on Idea of Iran and analyzes this sources from the view point of Iranian identity.

Here I want to introduce Iranian celebrities in Arabic literatures. In order to achieve this purpose, I study periods of literature history and finally it was found that Iranian contribution in formation of Arabic literature was impressive. By entrance of Islam to Iran, many followers turned to it. And the association of Arabs and Iranian people caused the mutual influence on both countries culture. This influence is less visible in Umayyad caliphate. Because Umayyad caliphate, prefer Arabs to non-Arabs especially Iranian people. And this preference causes less contribution of Iranian in literature domain in that period. This humiliation finally led to down fall of Umayyad. After revolution of Abu-Muslim Khorasani, the ground for Umayyad downfall and formation of Abbasid caliphate was provided. Abbasid begin their insurrection by accepting Ahl-Al-Bayt and enjoy the total support of Iranian. This matter had beneficial consequences for Iranian; they gain important positions in Abbasid caliphate. This high contribution and elation in their position had a great effect on emergence of religious, literary and scientific faces. In this study we will be familiar with some of these celebrities which most of them are literary people.