cultural intelligence

Peace education changes behavior and enables adults to avoid conflicts and violence and resolve them peacefully by focusing on indices such as knowledge, skills, and attitudes. University is an important organization that plays a significant role in education and creating sustainable values in society..

The research method was qualitative and according to the quasi-numerical or judgmental approach in the field of futures research methods. The measurement tools included authentic domestic and foreign articles, field studies and documents, and were based on the development of questionnaires in two stages using the Delphi technique. This Delphi Panel methodology consisted of 20 education and communication experts in educational sciences and humanities, and they were selected by the researchers using a judgmental method. The matrix of cross-impact analysis coefficients was used with the help of MICMAC software for structural analysis.

The research findings, including 94 primary codes or indices and 11 components indicated that cultural, environmental, educational, and media factors had the highest effects on cultural intelligence, and thus four scenarios were developed, namely human dignity based on peace education, symbolic and unstable peace education, hegemony or the collapse of the education system, and peace education as the basis of global citizenship education.

Futures research can forecast the future of peace education with the greatest accuracy and the least uncertainty. The future forecast of peaceful education can reduce conflicts at schools, universities, and other educational institutions and lead society towards sustainable growth and development.

With the advancement of technology and the increasing complexity of work environments, organizations are seeking solutions to enhance their employees' innovation and resilience. In this regard, artificial intelligence assistant-based training programs have emerged as an effective tool for developing skills and adapting to environmental changes. 1 This study investigated the impact of such programs on employees' innovative and resilient behavior, mediated by cultural intelligence, in governmental organizations in Gonbad-e Kavus, Iran. The statistical population consisted of 3,500 official employees, from which 346 were selected as a sample using convenience sampling based on Krejcie and Morgan's table. Data were collected using a standard Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using structural equation modeling in LISREL 8.8 software. The findings revealed that artificial intelligence assistant-based training programs have a positive and significant impact on cultural intelligence and employees' innovative behavior, but no direct effect was observed on employees' resilient behavior. Cultural intelligence, as a mediating variable, not only enhanced innovative behavior but also established a significant relationship with resilient behavior. These results suggest that while AI-based training does not directly increase resilience on its own, it can empower employees to face challenges and improve their creativity by enhancing cultural intelligence. Organizations can strengthen employee performance by implementing emerging AI technologies in in-service training and improving adaptability to environmental changes.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of self-efficacy in the cultural intelligence and social adjustment of students. The research method was descriptive-correlation of structural modeling type. The statistical population included the students of the Gorgan unit of Azad University in the academic year 2022-2023, and 384 people were selected as the sample size by random cluster sampling. The research tools included the Social Adjustment Questionnaire (SAQ) by Sohrabi and Samani (2013), the Cultural Intelligence Questionnaire (CIQ) by Ang et al (2004), and the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE-10) by Schwatzer and Jerusalem (1991). Structural equation analysis was used to analyze the data. The results showed the optimal fit of the research model. The results showed a significant direct effect of cultural intelligence on self-efficacy (P=0.002) and a direct effect of self-efficacy on social adjustment (P=0.008). However, the direct effect of cultural intelligence on social engagement was not significant (P>.0.05). Also, the results indicated the indirect effect of cultural intelligence on social adjustment with the mediation of self-efficacy (P=0.004). These results show that self-efficacy can explain the social adjustment of students according to the role of cultural intelligence.

Since one of the most important accidents in Iran is road accidents and most of the causes of traffic accidents and incidents are related to the human factor and cultural intelligence, the aim of this study is to present a model for improving road safety and reducing accidents, with an emphasis on the human factor and safety culture. In this descriptive-analytical study with a statistical population of 50 ordinary people and 50 traffic police officers through simple random sampling, the required data were obtained through two survey and library methods. The questionnaires were analyzed using Minitab17 software. The findings indicated that there is a significant relationship between cultural intelligence and the culture of countries in reducing accidents, between adopting a lenient policy against traffic violations in society and reducing accidents, between the media and schools with reducing accidents and promoting culture, and between improving the culture of using public transportation with reducing accidents. In addition, the analytical results show an inverse and significant relationship between cultural intelligence and traffic violations; in such a way that by increasing and strengthening cultural intelligence and traffic awareness of people, accidents will be reduced.

Social indifference is a moral concept and a sociological phenomenon at the same time. Social indifference is known as a kind of social complication; In the opposite way, any social care and altruism in individual and social life is a sign of social dynamism and health. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of cultural intelligence in the social indifference of master's and doctoral students of Islamic Azad University, Tehran branch. The research method in terms of practical purpose and in terms of data collection is descriptive of the correlation type. The statistical population of this study consists of all male and female students studying in master's and doctoral degrees in the faculties of management, social sciences, media and political sciences of Islamic Azad University, central Tehran branch, in the academic year of 2001-2012, in the number of 1375 people. For this purpose, 300 of these students were selected using Cochran's formula and available sampling method (online method) and answered the researcher-made questionnaire of social indifference and cultural intelligence questionnaire (CQS) (2015). After collecting the questionnaires electronically, the collected data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analysis simultaneously. The results showed that there is a negative and significant correlation between cultural intelligence and social indifference. The results of multiple regression analysis revealed that 69% of social indifference is explained by cultural intelligence. Therefore, it can be concluded that cultural intelligence can predict indifference in students.

Cultural intelligence is an ability and skill that provides the possibility of understanding cultures and peaceful coexistence and adapting to cultural differences; Cultivating cultural intelligence in students brings self-confidence necessary for successful activity in a wide range of situations. The purpose of this research is to design a model for cultivating cultural intelligence in primary school students. In order to present this model and get the data, the qualitative method of the theory of data request or foundation data was used. The participants in this research were experts in child psychology and counseling, and 19 of them were selected through theoretical sampling to conduct in-depth interviews, and the interviews continued until theoretical saturation was reached. Validity of findings was checked by matching method by members and conducting test interviews. To analyze the qualitative data, open, axial and selective coding was used. The results show that 590 primary conceptual propositions with 52 sub-categories and 18 main categories in the form of 6 dimensions of the paradigm model include: causal factors (4 categories), main phenomenon (cultivation of cultural intelligence), strategy (4 categories), background conditions (4 categories) , environmental conditions (4 categories) and consequences (2 categories) were identified. The integration of categories based on the existing relationships between them, around the development of cultural intelligence, forms a paradigm model that shows the pattern of cultural intelligence in primary school students.

The present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the relationship between cultural intelligence and entrepreneurship of Hamadan's soldiers with the mediating role of the organizational environment. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in nature and method. The statistical population of the present study included all the soldiers working in Hamedan Police Command, numbering 460 people, of which 210 people were selected based on Cochran's formula. The sampling method in this research was stratified random. The main tools for data collection were three questionnaires. In the inferential statistics section, structural equation model test and SPSS version 23 and Smart PLS software were used. The results illustrated that cultural intelligence has a positive and significant relationship with the entrepreneurship of Hamedan's soldiers and the organizational environment has a positive and meaningful relationship with the entrepreneurship of Hamedan's soldiers.

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between social intelligence, cultural intelligence and emotional intelligence with the quality of marital relationships. This study was descriptive with correlation design, and the statistical population of the study were all married female students of Babol Azad University. The sample of the study was 150 people who were selected from among the students of different master's degree courses using the convenience sampling method, and after discarding the distorted questionnaires, finally 140 questionnaires were analyzed. To collect the data, social intelligence (Silvera et al, 2001); cultural intelligence (Ang and Earley,2004); emotional intelligence (Wang and Lau, 2002), and marital relationship quality (Busby et al,1995) questionnaires were used. Pearson's correlation test and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the dataThe Pearson's correlation coefficient showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between social intelligence, cultural intelligence and emotional intelligence with the quality of marital relationships. Furthermore, multiple regression analysis showed that 20% of the variance of the quality of marital relationships is explained jointly by the predictor variables, so that social intelligence, emotional intelligence and cultural intelligence positively and significantly predicted the quality of marital relationships respectively. Likewise, almost 32% of the variance of the quality of marital relationships was explained jointly by the components of the predictor variables, so that the components such as the use of emotions, self-perception evaluation, social awareness, regulation of emotions and metacognitive strategy were able to Predict the marital relationships positively and significantly. The results of the present study emphasize the importance of social, cultural and emotional intelligence in the quality of marital relationships of married female students.

Social tolerance is a description of social actions that differ from the majority in the direction of peace. The current research was conducted with the aim of sociological explanation of social tolerance among the citizens of Isfahan, relying on theorists such as Vogt, Durkheim, Chong ... The survey research method and the questionnaire collection tool were used for the validity of the research, the content validity method, the reliability of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha. The statistical population is citizens over 20 years of age in Isfahan city in 1399-1400. The sample size was calculated with Gpower software, 461 people and the quota sampling method was chosen. The findings show that the average social tolerance is downward. The results of the Pearson correlation test: between feeling of security (0.345), religiosity (0.308), cultural intelligence (0.383) and social tolerance have a significant and direct relationship, between the feeling of inequality (-0.308) and authoritarianism (- 0.371) There is a significant and inverse relationship with social tolerance. The results of the structural equations model: there is a meaningful relationship between the feeling of security, feeling of inequality, cultural intelligence, authoritarianism and social tolerance according to the developed conceptual model and in a structural relationship. But religiosity was not significant on social tolerance. Cultural intelligence has explained the most variance in promoting social tolerance

Today, export and effective presence in the global economy is a basic need for the economic growth of any country. Internationalization has been defined as a reflection of the interests and enthusiasm of entrepreneurs to operate based on the opportunities available in foreign markets. Taking advantage of the competitive advantage in the new market, increasing income, access to new technologies and shortening the communication channels between the customer and the market are among the advantages of internationalization, which, of course, require overcoming many existing obstacles, especially the existing cognitive distance between origin and destination countries. On the other hand, one of the important features of today's world is the cultural diversity in different nations and societies, which also affects different dimensions of business success. In such an environment, the presence of people who have the ability to deeply understand different cultures and communicate effectively is one of the most important requirements for the success of companies in the field of export. Among the necessary competencies of entrepreneurs to be present in the international arena is benefiting from the ability to understand the external environment, which is called “cultural intelligence”. The main goal of this research is to identify and conceptually explain the dimensions of cultural intelligence of international entrepreneurs and export managers, and as a result, to provide a solution to strengthen cultural intelligence in international business interactions. In fact, in this research, the process of strengthening the cultural intelligence of companies in the process of internationalization has been explored and conceptualized in order to determine how companies succeed in achieving more success in international business by exploiting the cultural intelligence of their employees. For this purpose, in-depth interviews were conducted with entrepreneurs and export experts with education and experience related to international interactions. Key points and points of view were obtained from each interview, and the content of each interview was a guide to improve the next interview. According to the analysis of the data obtained from the interviews with the method of grounded theory in this research, we managed to explain a concept suitable for the context of the country of the factors effective in cultural intelligence in international business. The results show that the cultural intelligence of people depends on several factors. It depends that identifying and understanding them is necessary to reach a suitable solution to strengthen cultural intelligence in Iranian individuals and companies. Meanwhile, some factors directly and some indirectly affect the central category of the research, which is the cultural intelligence of people. By analyzing the data based on the theory development method through three stages of coding keywords and screening from general sentences to concepts and then clarifying the categories, key categories were calculated. The final categories were separated in the form of three causal, contextual and environmental categories in order to better determine the impact of each on the cultural intelligence of people. The paradigm model shows the flow of processes and activities that happened in the context of the study. The purpose of the model extracted in this research is to strengthen cultural intelligence in international business interactions. The research model obtained using final categories shows that personality traits and family background as causal and contextual categories directly affect the central phenomenon (cultural intelligence and international interactions), as well as economic stability and the level of relationships. Iran's commercial and political relations with foreign countries as an environmental category affect the central phenomenon and the adopted strategies. It can be concluded that paying attention to the selection of suitable people with a high degree of cultural intelligence by companies and also providing necessary cultural training are two main strategies to strengthen cultural intelligence and strengthen the export power of each company. The structure of categories affecting cultural intelligence based on research findings is elaborated. Causal categories are conditions and individual characteristics that have a direct impact on the central phenomenon of the research. Creativity, extroversion, attention and follow-up, desire for adventure, are four elements that each lead a person to experience a new space and start a new job. Also, appropriate strategies to strengthen cultural intelligence in Iranian companies applying for export were explained. An important strategy to improve and enhance the level of cultural intelligence among Iranian entrepreneurs is to create an interactive and open environment for the presence of foreign companies in Iran. The second strategy is to hold training and counseling sessions for companies and entrepreneurs in the export phase to familiarize themselves with the categories and requirements needed in relations with other nations and cultures. The third strategy is specific to government managers and exporting companies who, in addition to improving their cultural intelligence, should pay special attention to their personality, knowledge and international experience in order to employ individuals in export and interactive fields.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of cultural intelligence on the psychological contract with the mediating role of occupational organizational trust. The statistical population of all primary teachers in Urmia District 2 was 1439 people, and based on Morgan's table, 304 people were selected as a statistical sample by two-stage cluster sampling method. In this research, three standard questionnaires of cultural intelligence, psychological contract and organizational trust were used. Validities were investigated using the validity theories, based on the perspective of the statistical community and the structure with the question factor analysis method. The reliability of the questionnaires was estimated by the combined reliability multiplication method for cultural intelligence 0.86, psychological contract 0.84 and organizational trust 0.86 respectively. Data analysis was done at two levels of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Thus, to test the research hypotheses, descriptive statistics and then structural techniques using LISREL software were used. The findings indicated a good fit of the model and showed that cultural intelligence has a positive and significant effect on psychological contract (path coefficient 0.62). The effect of cultural intelligence on organizational trust is positive and significant (path coefficient 0.93). Organizational trust has a positive and significant effect on psychological contract (path coefficient 0.68) and finally organizational trust has a mediating role in the relationship between cultural intelligence and psychological contract (path coefficient 0.42).

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between cultural intelligence of managers and teachers with organizational effectiveness in bilingual elementary schools in Hamidieh. The present study is a descriptive and correlational study. The population of the study consisted of all teachers and managers of the bilingual element of Hamidyeh city in the academic year of 97-96. Therefore, the number of statistical population in this study was considered 100 teachers and school principals of Hamidyeh city and the required sample through method Simple random sampling was selected. To collect data, two questionnaires, the Cultural Intelligence Questionnaire (ARG) (2003) and Parsons Effectiveness Questionnaire (1368) were used. The results showed that there is a relationship between the Cultural Intelligence of Managers And teachers with an organizational effectiveness in the bilingual primary schools of Hamidieh. Also, there is a relationship between metacognitive, cognitive, motivational and behavioral factors of managers and teachers with organizational effectiveness.

In recent years, the concept of cultural intelligence has emerged as a significant framework for understanding the skills and abilities necessary for successful interactions in a globalized world. Ang and Early (2003) define cultural intelligence as an individual's capacity to effectively engage with individuals from different cultural backgrounds. Similarly, Rose and Naresh (2008) describe it as the ability to adapt to unfamiliar cultural environments. Research demonstrates that immigrants often encounter challenges when adapting to new cultural surroundings, leading to issues, such as cultural conflicts and shock. This difficulty in adaptation can result in personal stress and hinder social integration. While some individuals effortlessly adjust their behaviors to fit new cultural contexts, others face obstacles that give rise to clashes and tensions, underscoring the significance of social tolerance. Tolerance plays a crucial role in addressing prejudices, fundamentalism, and conflicts, particularly in regions like Iran characterized by diverse cultural and ethnic backgrounds. Baloch people as an indigenous Iranian ethnicity residing in the southeastern part of Iran present an interesting case. Their religious differences from the majority of Iranians, as well as their proximity to Pakistan and increased interactions with that country, prompted the authors of this research to examine the extent to which cultural intelligence, as an individual's ability to adapt to other cultures, could influence the social tolerance of this population.

The present study employed a quantitative survey methodology to collect data. The target population consisted of individuals aged 15 years and above residing in the Baloch regions of Sistan and Baluchistan Province, which had a total population of 961,929 according to the 2015 census. To determine the sample size, Morgan's sampling table was utilized, resulting in a sample size of 384 individuals with a 5% margin of error. However, to ensure accuracy, 400 questionnaires were distributed. The research utilized a multi-stage cluster sampling technique. The data collection instrument consisted of a questionnaire divided into two sections. The first section focused on social tolerance and drew items from previous studies (Beheshti and Rostgar, 2012; Beheshti et al., 2018). The second section addressed cultural intelligence and employed Lin's standard cultural intelligence questionnaire. All items in the questionnaire were rated on a Likert scale with 5 response options. The construct validity of the questionnaire was assessed through the Average Variance of Extracted (AVE) and factor loadings, while the reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient.

The findings of this study revealed that social tolerance levels within the statistical sample were lower than the average spectrum, while cultural intelligence and its four dimensions demonstrated higher average responses compared to the spectrum. This difference was confirmed by the significant results of the T-test. Furthermore, the average social tolerance was lower than the spectrum average, a trend observed not only in the sample, but also in the broader statistical population with a high level of confidence. The t-test results for the two independent groups indicated that there was no significant disparity between men and women in terms of social tolerance, suggesting that the average cultural intelligence between genders was not significantly different.The research focused on social tolerance as the dependent variable, which was measured using a reflective measurement model. The SRMR index of 0.086 indicated that the assumed model aligned well with the research data. The F square coefficient (F2) of 0.348 represented the average effect size of the model. The beta value indicated that a one-unit change in the standard deviation of cultural intelligence resulted in a 0.509 change in that of social tolerance, indicating a positive relationship. The adjusted coefficient (R2 adjusted) was calculated at 0.257, suggesting that 25.7% of the variance in social tolerance could be attributed to cultural intelligence. Overall, the study demonstrated that higher cultural intelligence was associated with increased social tolerance towards diverse groups and issues. The results underscored the importance of enhancing cultural intelligence to address social problems arising from intolerance and lack of understanding, ultimately fostering greater unity among individuals.

Today, the issue of teaching and learning in Iran's educational system is very different from the past. Most of this difference is due to the presence of language learners of different nationalities from all over the world. This presence and, as a result, being placed in a new cultural environment, requires intercultural adaptation. In such a situation, for the better performance of language learners and their understanding of intercultural issues, attention to the issue of cultural intelligence and its optimal use is considered a necessity. The current research seeks to examine the effect of these two concepts on the performance of non-Persian language learners in learning Persian by looking at the two concepts of cultural intelligence and intercultural compatibility. To achieve this goal, the theoretical topics presented in this field and a number of researches conducted from domestic and foreign sources were examined. The results obtained from the research indicate that there is a significant relationship between some components of cultural intelligence and intercultural compatibility, and there is a negative relationship between some components and intercultural compatibility. Also, in a situation where cultural intelligence is used optimally, it has a positive effect on intercultural adaptation and the performance of language learners in learning Persian language.