جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « darab » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

Assessing the spatial distribution of recharge in karstified terrains is very important for water management and protection, but it is a complex issue due to the complexity of natural conditions and water movement in karst areas, and the application of conventional methods has not provided satisfactory results in these terrains. The KARSTLOP method is a new technique to display the spatial distribution map of recharge and arrive at the statistical mean value of the recharge in a watershed. The purpose of this study was modelling the spatial distribution of recharge using the KARSTLOP method in the Tangekhosh Watershed of Busbehr Province. The zoning map of recharge areas was prepared using the KARSTLOP method in the ArcGIS software. The results were compared with the geomorphologic map of the surface karst and the beight of recharpe estimated by the altitudinal isotopic gradient in order to evaluate the modelis accuracy in estimat ing the values of recharge. Altitudinal isotopic gradient was drawn using the isotopic content of precipita tion samples and the height of the sampling points during the 2112- 2112 period. Digital recharge map obtained by the KARSTLOP method was shown that 54 percentage of the watershed areas had more than 21 percentage of the recharge, which corresponded to the limestone formations that contained a maximum density of the karstic landforms. The height of the recharge points of the golabi , raghaz and rodbal springs was estimated at 594, 522 and 529 meters, respectively, using the altitudinal isotopic pradient method, which were placed in the altitude range of 541-441 meter and it contains the maximum recharge zone (22 to 82 percentage) of the KARSTLOP method. The comparison of the KARSTLOP recharge map with that of the recharge height of the springs using the altitudinal isotopic gradient indicated that the KARSTLOP method performed acceptably in determining the maximum recharge range and the spatial distribution of recharge in the darabrodbal Watershed

This article aims to quantitatively evaluate the biodiversity of medicinal plants in order to protect vulnerable species. Biodiversity has been involved in a crisis rooted in human activities since past. In lack of control over unlimited human expectations, the destructive effects on  environment will increase and the crisis will exacerbate. Iran has a variety of ecological regions where have created animal and plant biodiversity and also a variety of climates, ethnics, cultures, customs and rituals.The present study is based on field studies in the rural areas of Darab city of Fars province: Morvarid, Hyderabad, Dehmord, Fath al-Mubin. Based on the findings, 89 species of medicinal plants belonging to 43 families are identified in the target areas. The largest number with 14 species belongs to the mint family. This area has 6 biological type, 4 vegetative forms, 8 consuming organs with 3 germination periods that are distributed on both even and steep surfaces. According to the results, 9 plants are seriously exposed to damage: Ferula Assa-foetida, Pistacia Atlantica, Zataria Multiflora, Amygdalus Scoparia Spach, Ziziphus Spina Christi, Prangos Ferulacea, Dracocephalum, Myrtus Communis, Ziziphora Clinopodioides. High interest in the use and exploitation of medicinal plants, failure to record indigenous knowledge and lack of revitalization, development, conservation and supervision, will probably lead to deletion of effective plant genes of this region in the near future.

The city of Nishabur was the gathering place of Sufis in Khorasan during the early Islamic centuries and, particularly, in the 3rd and 4th centuries and enjoyed great fame. According to historical texts, in addition to the Sufis of Khorasan, a large group of immigrant Sufis from the state of Fars and its different cities and regions resided in Nishabur. During the 3rd and 4th centuries AH, several travelers from Darabgard (one of the fivefold provinces of Fars) and its cities, such as Darabgard, Tamestan, Madavan, and Fasa created a community in the suburbs of this city called Darabgard Borough. Seemingly, between 3rd and 5th centuries AH, there was a bilateral relationship between the gnosis center of Nishabur and Darabgard Province. Relying on historical documents and architectural proofs, this paper examines a ruined chahartaq (an architectural unit consisting of four barrel vaults and a dome) in Pushanj desert of Darab, known as the Mausoleum of Shaykh Abdulhassan Pushanji as a khanqah and a piece of evidence testifying to the truth of this bilateral relationship. Available proofs indicate that, apparently, towards the end of the 4th century AH and in the early 5th century AH, one of the three Pushanji Sufis, known as Abdulhassan, who lived in Nishabur, traveled to Darabgard and built a khanqah in the suburbs of Darab. Then he became involved in promoting Shafi’ite jurisprudence.

The first archaeological work in east of Fars, conducted by Sir A. Stein in 1934. However, an intensive survey, directed by De Miroschedji, was carried out in this region in 1971-72. Unfortunately, the materials of this survey were not studied in detail. So, the prehistoric cultures of the Fasa and Darab valleys remained unclear. To comprehend the prehistoric cultural developments of the east of Fars, the Miroscedji’s survey collections were studied first and completed with a stratigraphical excavation at Tappeh Vakilabad. The combination of the results of the survey and excavation provided an appropriate framework for the prehistoric cultures. These results affirmed that the prehistoric cultures of the east of Fars were entirely indigenous after the Bakun period to the beginning of the Kaftari era. The pottery styles of this era (Bakun-Kaftari), are introduced as Vakilabad, Zahak, Jouzjan, Roudbal, and Galyan. Furthermore, the settlement pattern analysis shows a reduction in the number of settlements in the Vakilabad period and more intensely in the second half of the fourth and first half of the third millennium BC. This pattern may indicate a shift in the subsistence economy of the large part of the society from agriculture to animal husbandry. The fourth and third millennium BC settlement patterns of the east of Fars are almost similar to KRB. However, in the second half of the fourth and first half of the third millennium BC, the KRB reached a complicated political and social developments, but the east of Fars became a peripheral region with the limited settled population.

The stone Mosque/Mill of Darab is one of the most controversial monuments in the history of Iranian architecture. Attracting the attention of orientalists and many Iranian historians, from the beginning of 19th century, it made them to speak and present various opinions about its function and the date of its construction. Some have considered it as a Mithraic temple, a Zoroastrian fire temple, a Christian church, a Buddhist temple, an Islamic mosque, and even a monastery or caravanserai. The main cause of this turmoil and the variety of presented views, from the writer's point of view, is the lack of attention and disability in reading the inscriptions on the entrance, the altar, and the stone mill inscriptions that leads to the failure of many studies related to the construction. In addition to reading the full text of the inscriptions, in present study, the antiquity of the building, the date of its construction, the type of its use, and the name the founder of the masonry of the Darab's stone mosque and his consanguinity have been clarified according to contemporary historical texts.

Urban deterioration is one of the serious problems and phenomenal unavoidable that a significant portion of textures from older cities and metropolitan areas have become obsolete and inefficient. Factors leading to deterioration of the urban environment, causing inconsistencies in the textures, increasing the dilapidated and abandoned urban spaces created for the old city. This research focuses on the application based on the library study and field observations. The purpose of this paper is evaluating the affective factors in the development deterioration urban old texture in order for rehabilitation and restoration (case study in Darab city). Assessing the relationship among these factors can be considered as a problem of decision making. Thus, we can test method decisions (dematel fuzzy) for relationships of mutual influence and influenced factors under the study used in such a way that the intensity of the effect of these mentioned factors and their significance is specified. In this research by the use of standpoints of experts and proficient urban planners the relationships among effective factors in the development of the deterioration texture old city of Darab was assessed. Indicators and under indicators were economics; managements; social and cultural; physically; bio­environmental which were recognized. The results reveal that economic factors (C1) have deterioration with the greatest influence and bio­environmental factors (C5) have deterioration the least efficacy. Otherwise, it can be said that economic factors are strong effective factors and bio­environmental factors are exhaustion factors.

Darab city has a special dialect which is one of the sub-dialects of Southwest ones in Iran. Most of the terms and proverbs of this dialect are influenced by local area. Most of them composed of simple elements, which show color and smell old simple life, culture, geography and nature of this region. In this study, some of these proverbs are investigated which are collected via field research. Some of them which are used in Darab city are so simple and have their ancient dialect. These proverbs mostly talk about moral and didactical issues.

Storytelling has a very long history in the persian. In Iran some have quoted national-epic stories to people from the ancient period. Some kings and princes had storyteller and narrator in his court too, which have been narrated these tales and stories for writer to make up them in written form.
Darab-nameh is one of the stories from the ancient persian which has written. This work is a long narrative of Firuzshah- the son of Darab- conquest and an epic - love story of the ninth century AD which is examples of folk literature.
Since tales describe old, simple and common situations special attention have attracted narrative historians and structuralists. One of success reviews in clarifying the mechanism of narrative and specifically stories is Todorov's analysis of mythological narratives review.The importance of his theory in survey of stories is that he, like Propp and unlike Greimas and Bremond, has limited his review to a specific form of narrative.
In this paper, considering the properties of the mythic narrative in Todorov's ideas, Darab-nameh is placed in the mythic narrative row. This survey will be effective in recognition the final structure and understanding the configuration stories of this type.

Darab name tarsusi is one of the most known of Persian folktales that has a high research capacity. Symbolic criticism and its cryptic capacity, myth criticism, epic criticism and surrealistic aspects of this story is that it will shows its important. Tarsusi brought out a prose religious- historical epic, with adaptation of national epic, that it show his knowledge and acquainted. The role of epics and national epic characters in this fiction, no doubt, is very effective. In this fiction iskandar, however, has same epic- heroic function as rustam, isfandyar and sam(in sam name of khajo- kermani). This research done in a descriptive-analytical and library attitude, and we sought to understand to know that how many acquainted tarsusi with national and transnational mythology and are we can separate and sort mythology and beliefs. After reviewing we are sorted them in this kind: myths and beliefs that are Iranian origin, myths and beliefs that are Islamic origin and myths and beliefs that are sami origin.

One of the interesting issues for geomorphologists is their participation in determining suitable land for urban development according to geomorphologic principles and data in the future. Urban Geomorphology can contribute to the management and development of urban area in two major ways. Firstly, it can help in evaluation of resource potential and suitability of land under consideration for urban development. Secondly, it can monitor geomorphological process-response system following urban development and help in the prediction of changes that might arise from future urban growth. It can be said this study is aimed to evaluate resource potential and suitability of land for urban development. In fact, geomorphological forms such as mountains, plains, rivers, beaches, and etc. have important role in Physical development of cities, so that they can control rate of urban expansion. Research method To perform the study following data is used: A) Documentary data including maps showing development of the DARAB over time, topographic (1:50000) and geological (1:100000) maps. B) Remote sensing data including Landsat ETM + satellite image in 2001, and aerial photograph in 1335. C) Field data gathered from direct observations and survey. Method of research is based on survey and analysis. At first, type, origin and transformation of topographical forms of Darab city and its surroundings was determined. Then, by Using satellite image and aerial photograph, geomorphological units was specified. Each of these layers was analyzed in geographic information system and ultimately suitable alternatives for physical development were classified by considering geomorphologic hazards, urban development priority and economic issues. Physical expansion of Darab prominently is function of urban and rural population growth and economic growth. Besides, phenomenon of land reform, drought, and change in farming pattern has been very effective. Selecting a suitable location for urban development in the first stage requires a comprehensive study. Research about natural environment and related processes is fundamental stage to decide and plan where city is developed. Environmental aspect of urban physical development has as far as important situation which physical development of Darab to the south and southwest, without regarding natural environment, made serious problem for urban management encountered flood in 1982. Although Darab is surrounded by alluvial Fans, but these forms have different conditions in terms of their area, slope, and size of sediment grain, casual morphology and agricultural potential. Field studies show that these differences often result of new tectonic process, climate change and changes in characteristics of rivers and their sediment load. Results show that Although Darab is surrounded by alluvial Fans, but these forms have different conditions in terms of their area, slope, and size of sediment grain, casual morphology and agricultural potential. Generally, overflow of groundwater along bed of waterway on alluvial fans, unstable construction of fans to seismic waves, surface creep, massive slip and land subsidence are geomorphologic constraints Darab encountered. By examining and recognising geomorphological landform importance, suitable alteratives for future physical development of Darab are listed respectively: 1. South eastern region (having suitable slope for groundwater and sewage disposal, absence of active Foothills processes, and feasibility of flood control). 2. West and Southwest region (the least natural hazards, suitable slope). 3. Northwest region (this region is propone to massive movements and has inappropriate slope for future development). 4. South region (which characterized with fertile agricultural land, groundwater and sewage disposal problem, and flood plain issue).

Lay-zangan village is one of the villages of Darab in Fars Province. This village is located in 54 Kilometers East of Darab. They earn living by gardening from many years ago. Then, using planting terms and idioms are remarkable there.
Doubtlessly, recording and documenting these terms are of importance in Persian Language and culture to produce new words. This paper tries to record the words of gardening accurately with clear form and pronunciation. It shows that local speech is linked with middle and ancient Persian like Asourik Tree.

Most of the citiesof arid an d semi-arid regions have been built on alluvial fans. These cities are subjected to flood. By intervening in stream natural trend, increasing impermeable surfaces, changing the slope, assembly and concentration of flood-ways, shortening the time of basin concentration and blocking flood-ways; through city constructions, urban development causes an increase in flood incident. Darab city has been built on Tang Katoye alluvial fan. One of the main problems of this city, urban floods and flooded streets in the rain and damage to the facility each year, the city will enter This research aims to investigate Darab city,s physical development and it,s effect on the flood occurrence. To do so, trend of Darab development was examined, using aerial photographs and the map of city land use in three stages(1335, 1363, 1390), then the relation of city physical development with increase of flood occurrence was defined using the method of American soil conservation (SCS). The results of the research show that from first to second stage, city,s physical development growth by four percent, while it would result in increase of surface run-off by 7 percent, and from second to third stage, it has had a growth of 33 percent, that resulted in 23 percent increase in surface run-off.

This paper aims to estimate Recreational value and willingness to pay of visitors of Rudbal dam in Darab Township in Fars province. For this purpose, Conditional Valuation Method and dual choice questionnaire were used. Logit model was used to determine factors affecting willingness to pay of visitors. Data were collected from a random sample of 600 visitors. Results showed that 36 percent of visitors were ready to pay 9216/31 Rials, on the average, for recreational purposes and yearly total recreational value was amounted to over 13 milliard Rials. Level of income and education were among most important factors affecting willingness to pay to visit the site.

The analysis of old narratives is one of the significant approaches in archetypical criticism through the “The Journey of Hero” by Joseph Campbell. One of the significant narratives of Alexander journey is the narrative of Darab-name by Tarsusi. The events of this journey can be analyzed using the elements of archetype of the “The Journey of Hero” by Joseph Campbell like departure, invitation, mystic help, respect, the path of test, tempter woman, final blessing, return, the hand of salvation, and so on. The most important stage of The Journey of Hero in Departure section is the invitation to journey by Aristotelis in the role of archetype of Wise Old man. Dominating on “Dara” as the guard of First Threshold, facing with Buran-Doxt in the role of tempter woman and then marrying with her and converting her to Positive Anima in Section of The Path of Test, searching alkahest as the final blessing, visiting angels, and reaching a prophet-like stage, seeing strange and extravagant matters and dominion on world are all the important steps of the Journey of Hero in the narrative of Tarsusi. The study shows the evolution of a historical event in epic and mythological frameworks. One can arrive at a new reading of this narrative within these frameworks.

"Darab-Nameh" is a long narrative about Firooz shah's conquests, who is Malek Darab's son.It is an epic-romance story of eighth century, and a sample of folklore literature. In formalism, according to Vladimir prop's pattern, an attempt is made to apply a formalistic pattern to a literary text especially to a folklore. In this method, the stories are described according to their organizing (forming) parts and the interrelations of these parts with each other and with the whole story. The main aim of the research is to determine the main structure (master form) of the story.Darab-Nameh posturizes different events causing confusions and chaos which occur in Iran's army. To remove the anarchy in the army, a hero moves to the scene. Although the events which the hero faces are diverse and apparently different, they all have a more or less similar structure. Applying the formalistic pattern to Darab-Nameh" has led to the recognition of two kinds of hero's move toward the war in the story. The first type has a simple and direct process with one hero. The second is the combination of some departures. These departures, which are usually to compensate the disaster, are connected to each other in a point, which is often determined by destiny. The element of wickedness and the type of wicked in the story, which makes the departures different, is divided into human and non-human (supernatural). Each kind of wickedness needs a special reaction of the heroes.

When flooding occurs overland flow tends to run on a complex terrain with many flow paths in close connection with the collection system. It is in a physical sense difficult to separate these two flow systems. Usually, a one way flow connection is applied, allowing water to enter the collection system but overflow from the drainage system is not routed on the surface (Nielsen et al., 2008, 2). Management of water in urban areas involves control of the waste-water discharges and the modified natural drainage network in which the built-up area is located. Fast-growing cities with increasing populations have many problems with runoff water management during storms. In fact, urbanization aggravates flooding by restricting flood-water flow, covering large parts of the ground with houses, roads and pavement, obstructing channels and building drains to ensure that water will flow into rivers faster than it would under natural conditions (Harris and Rantz, 1964, Konrad and Booth, 2002 and Konrad and Booth, 2005). The risk of flooding is defined as a function of both the probability of a flood happening and its impact. In urban areas, this impact may be very high because the areas affected are densely populated and contain vital infrastructure. Ongoing development in flood-prone areas increases this risk. Urban flood hazard maps are useful tools for planning the future direction of city growth, and they usually help to recognize those areas with discharge infrastructure needs (Büchele et al., 2006). The Purpose of this study is investigation of geomorphological and civil parameters that effect on overflow Katoeeh River in Darab city Territory.

Soil salinity and expansion TTS it، in the arid and semi-arid areas is including environmental issues that in Recent years attention has been due to Population growth and the need to utilizeland. In order to human was tried that using of Different techniques determined salinity area Between remote sensing data in recent years have provided relatively accurate results as a source of information (Long & Nielsen; 1987، 221: Everitt et al; 1988، 1283: Csillage et al; 1993، 231: Verma et al; 1994، 1901: Bishop &McBratney; 2001، 149، Carre& Girard; 2002، 241، Douaoui; 2006، 217، Fernandez-Buces et al; 2006، 644: Melendez-Pastor et al; 2010، 55: Gutierrez & Johnson; 2010، 46،Bouaziz et al; 2011، 237). Also in Iran has been studied with remote sensing data and technique (Abdinam; 2004، 33، Dashtkian et al; 2008، 139، Nourozi et al; 2011، 59، Zare; 2011، 74). Remote sensing is as technique and science access to information about the phenomena without physical contact with the area. Also Geographic Information System is used as a system in collect، store and analyzes information related to the phenomenon. Obviously، that both techniques are appropriate for gathering information، making fast، accurate. In the two late decades using of field technique and mixture to remote sensing data has been significant aid to mapping of soil salinity. Remote sensing has capability and potential to extraction and problem study of salinity in Large-scale zones. Also remote sensing has provided forecast possible، assessment of salinity effect. Extractive salinity map has capability much in agriculture and other human activities. Darab Township is including regional that have Environmental conditions ofaridan dsemiarid، one of problems has been soil salinity. In this research we tried to using of landsat satellite image and also field survey extractive salinity zones and analyses Due to salinity. Study area: Darab township located in southeast Fars province and 54o، 11// to 54o، 24// east longitude and 28o، 33// to 28o، 49// northern latitude. Viewpoint of Geomorphology study area is part of Zagros south east (Fars region). In this region Zagros reached its maximum width and face rough appearance is different from other parts of the Zagros. So that waves of chains is more open and is panache as syncline ponds and anticline disks. Syncline ponds often has created very open plain (Darab plain) through arrival of anticline axis connected together. Most of the rainfall occurred in January. In the summer It has been very hot and dry Climates due to being away from moisture resource، water vapor entry path and sometimes the lack of qualified. This dryness status is also reflected in the rain. Of course is seen in Darab summer monsoon rainfall that is related to the southeast regime. This property is reflected in the days of 10 mm. In this paper the Materials relate to the topic was collected first using. After according to purpose research was used from satellite images Landsat (Landsat TM path and rows 161 and 40 to June 15، 2010 and 16 June 1987، with a pixel size for the thermal band 57 meter band panchromatic 25/14 meters and for the rest of the band 79 m). This image was downloaded of the GLCF site for easy access. After using of landsat image satellite (1987 and 2010 years) and Khaier method (2003) through detectiontechniques (Band 5 – Band 7 / Band 5 + Band 7) in software has extracted soil salinity zones. For superimpose of extraction map salinity zones to fact was doing field survey of study area. We Should say that the main technique in this research is detection pixels salinity represented. Also in this study using of geology and topography maps، digital elevation model (DEM) 30 m of Aster. To calculate the impact of climate factors was analyzed Darab synoptic station data. For ensure and accuracy finding was performed three stages of field survey. In the first stage was observed landforms of near. In the second phase was photographed of saline lands، their distance from salt domes and water way transport salt. In the third stage to validation findings was a complying extraction zone (with varying degrees of salinity) withthe earth surface، to have determined rate accuracy of calculation and soil salinity map. Finally was concluded based on research finding and investigate their right. Based on output map (image 2010)، 545. 37 square kilometers of the study area has high salinity (8. 33 percent)، 1804. 69 kilometers with significant salinity (27. 58 percent)، 2343. 41 square kilometers represent moderate salinities (35. 81%)، 1645. 23 square kilometers represent low salinity (25. 14%) and 204. 91square kilometers from the city Darab has very low salinity (3. 13 percent). Compare this map to extraction map (1987) has showed reduction highsalinity، significant،insignificant zones and increased lowand mediumsalinityzones. Result showed that salt domes are main factor salinitization of soil and between Corsia salt dome played most of role. In around of Corsia salt dome existences salinity springs that not observed in other salt domes. Every year the significant amount of salt through these springs has left besides the Corsia salt dome. Field observations show that almost half of the salt dome has been eliminated in the erosion caused by flowing water (rainfall showery). Their main symptoms are formation of salt fan in the foot of the salt dome. In late years Human with Creation trench cause to aggregation armed with salt water. It is interesting to note that field visits showed that salinization of lands caused by Corsia salt dome erosion has cut in the time to around، In other words has been limited salinization. It can be because Limit is appearance of Shahyjan River in east salt dome and Golabi spring in west its. Seem that extraction map of salinity zones can be significant role in environmental management for achieve tosustainable development. Major of land high salinity located in west and southeast of Darab. Can be that diversity of landforms has led Substantial area (60 percent) of the Land in Darab are capable to cultivate. Of course in north and northeast are seen Salt stains that due evaporate sediments. Exist of diver alluvial fans in north Darab and Fresh floods that every year transport and left Significant amounts of sediment (including soil، etc.)، its watershed from upstream to downstream and the city. So many of alluvial fans of Darab is active and been developed (but human interpretations of the sediments should be noted) and Prone lands have been prepared for cultivation. The main operating of salinity is salt dome in the study area. In Darab town existence six salt domes that among them Corsia salt dome plays most role in salinity of lands. Around this salt dome existences spring that each year remained a significant amount of salt in surrounding. Due to high salinity in around salt domes only plants can be growth that was resistant to salinity. In addition the effect of salt domes in the soil salinity، also groundwaters are affected by then. So that in Khosoei Strait the electrical conductivity of waters appears up to 5000  M per square centimeter. Existences of river and fresh flood have caused prevention to expansion of saline lands and its have washed the area well land and salt transport to Khosoei Strait. In the mouth of the Khosoei Strait Man has attempted to create a barrier that Behind the dam each year، some salt is left behind. In the past that that there was no barrier waters moved to the southeast through the narrow river TngeCharkhi. Salinity of Forg and Abshore area in southeast Darab was As a result، the river crossing. Of course join water of Fedami waterfall to river reduces extent of salinity in this section. So that Palm groves and lands in section Irrigation to river water. The achievement of this research is to determine to the salinity zones، identify and analyses effective factors on soil salinity in study area. Output map as a scientific document can play a significant role in environmental management.

Today one could not say that the national economic prosperity and supplying resources for the whole population of Iran has no relevance with production, social and economic activities of rustics. Therefore, any planning for rural areas is necessary and of great significance. However, it seems that rural communities are integrated and have no concerns, the recent studies have shown unsustainability and disturbance in rural communities and the rustics’ concerns have become an acute problem. Rural community, special farmers are exposed to endless concerns and stresses, among which we could mention sudden changes in the work environment, natural disasters, concerns regarding the time for cultivation, crop management and harvesting, unfavorable weather conditions, government policies and … The present article deals with the investigation of disturbing factors for Darab rural farmers. The statistical population of the present research is 725 families from 15 villages. The results of the research show that there is a significant difference between geographical, natural and economic factors, while, there is no significant difference between social and economic factors. It has been also concluded that in order to deal with disturbing factors for the farmers, it is better to conduct a significant range of researches to reinforce the increase of efficiency in social and economic aspects.

Based on the satellite image, geology maps and field studies, it was tried to investigate on the tourism potential and obstacles present in thought path of tourism development in the region. For determining the importance and tourism value of this phenomenon, a taxonomy model of importance were used for regional, national and international level on the basis of formation and navigate. In the first level of taxonomy, the Geomorphology view and forms were considered. The magmatism, erosion, tectonic and environmental processes related to ecotourism was studied.In the second level of taxonomy sedimentology. Ancient-geology and occasion viewpoints were studied. The Results show that Darabgerd salt dome, Reghez valley and Hassan Abad alluvial fan have the most value and potential for tourism.

As long as rural development planning is not aligned with other projects of regional planning taking place in rural areas, it can not be very effective, because rural development planning inherently influences the region's economy and its prospects. On the other hand, in the process of planning for rural development, the recognition of the structural characteristics of the levels of development and awareness of the potential and environmental abilities of each region is of great importance. In the present study, using 23 indicators and variables required to recognize rural development, various economic, social and service grounds have been identified and analyzed using Morris model. The results of the study show that there are many differences in levels of development, and if this trend continues, it is necessary to lessen the inequalities through the implementation of useful rural development plans. The result of the research also show that the level of development of rural areas is not homogenous and villages are in a low level in terms of development; therefore, it is desirable that rural development planners focus their attention more on increasing dimensions of development.