environmental factors

Namin County, located in the eastern part of the northwestern region of Iran, has been one of the important centers of human societies in different cultural periods. However, contrary to the wealth of cultural works, very limited archaeological research has been conducted in this area, and it requires coherent archaeological studies. For this purpose, to complete the archaeological information of the region, an archaeological survey was conducted to identify and document the sites of the Islamic era in the southern area of Namin County in 2017 by the author. The current research is the preliminary results of the above study, and this research seeks to answer the following questions: 1- What was the most important factor in the formation of the sites of the Islamic era in Namin County? 2- What was the pattern of distribution of settlement areas in the Islamic era of Namin County? To answer the above questions, the method of field investigation and library studies has been used; Also, GIS software has been used to analyze cultural data and settlement patterns. The results of the research show that settlement areas, in addition to being affected by geographical factors, are also affected by important factors such as political and security conditions and proper livelihood economy. In the Islamic Middle Ages, with the increase of small enclosures and the emergence of large central enclosures, enclosures were connected with hierarchies and types of models.

The establishment or decline of settlements is significantly shaped by environmental conditions. A comprehensive understanding of these factors is essential for uncovering the social, economic, and spiritual aspects of historical human societies. Indeed, the core of archaeological inquiry revolves around exploring the relationships between human communities and their environments, alongside the technological innovations developed by these groups to thrive within their surroundings. The Varamin Plain, situated on the Jajurod alluvial fan, has offered favorable conditions for the development of human settlements. The sedimentation process of the alluvial fan, characterized by its agricultural viability, has contributed to the fertility of the region’s agricultural landscape. In combination with a hot and arid climate and other favorable environmental conditions, these factors have enabled human populations to establish and sustain themselves in this plain from the Paleolithic era to the present. This research aims not only to identify settlements from the Sasanian period, but also to examine the environmental and geographical factors that explain the settlement patterns in the Varamin Plain during that time. Consequently, the primary inquiry is: How do climatic and environmental characteristics influence the establishment of Sasanian settlements in the Varamin Plain? This study employs a descriptive-analytical method. The research utilizes objective observation, detailed description, and comparative analysis as its data collection techniques. The analysis and conclusions are derived through two approaches: fieldwork and library research, supplemented by geographic and remote sensing software. A significant finding from the archaeological survey is the identification of settlements from the Sasanian period, which will facilitate an assessment of the distribution of these settlements in the region, thereby providing a precise and comprehensive understanding of the social life of the people during that era.

The purpose of the current research is to investigate a comprehensive model of factors influencing the adoption of Green Information Technology (GIT) at Urmia University. According to the research content, this study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection method. The statistical population consists of all employees of Urmia University, totaling 355 individuals according to the census. Using Cochran's sampling formula, the sample size was estimated at 288 individuals. However, after distributing 288 questionnaires among university employees, only 173 participants met the eligibility criteria to complete the questionnaire. To examine the research variables, a questionnaire was used, designed and distributed in two sections: demographic data and specific research questions (54 items). The reliability of the questionnaire was measured using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and composite reliability, while its validity was confirmed through convergent and divergent validity. In other words, the questionnaire was both reliable and valid. Then, structural equation modeling (SEM) and path analysis were conducted using Smart PLS software to test the hypotheses. Additionally, the key research findings indicate that, except for the effect of environmental factors on perceived usefulness, all factors (technological, organizational, environmental, and individual) have a positive and significant impact on perceived usefulness and ease of use. Furthermore, the perceived usefulness and ease of use positively and significantly affect attitudes toward the adoption of Green Information Technology. In turn, attitudes toward GIT adoption influence the intention to adopt GIT, which subsequently impacts the actual use of Green Information Technology. As a result, employees at Urmia University should prioritize technological, organizational, environmental, and individual factors, followed by perceived usefulness and ease of use, in order to develop a positive attitude toward Green Information Technology adoption and increase their intention to utilize GIT.

The aim of this study is to identify and analyze the relationships between strategic environmental factors affecting the capital market, highlighting the importance of understanding them in the dynamics of the capital market. 

This research is both developmental-applied in terms of its purpose and mixed-method in terms of data collection. The participants in the qualitative and quantitative sections of the study include 16 senior managers and experts from the Tehran Stock Exchange and over-the-counter (OTC) market, selected based on theoretical, purposive, and accessibility sampling methods until theoretical saturation. The components of the model were identified, categorized, and determined through content analysis and semi-structured interviews with experts, and then their relationships and levels were established using the interpretive-structural modeling approach. The validity ratio of the model’s indices was assessed and evaluated through content validity. 

The findings of the qualitative section indicate that the strategic environmental factors in the capital market consist of political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal factors, along with 81 indices and 15 factors. According to the findings of the quantitative section, "regional political-economic conditions," "economic policies," "dominant political conditions," and "environmental conditions" are the most influential factors on other factors in the capital market, while "government business regulations on the capital market" and "regulations related to the capital market" are in the second tier of influence. On the other hand, "corporate regulations in the capital market" and "economic factors related to companies in the capital market" are the most affected by environmental factors. 

These findings and the model suggest that managers should improve the capital market through political factors, and investors should focus on macroeconomic and political events when planning.

The main purpose of this research was to evaluate the professional ethics of physical education teachers in secondary schools in Shiraz, based on the three-pronged model. The descriptive research method was correlation type. The statistical population of this research was all physical education teachers of secondary schools in Shiraz, numbering 258 people. Based on Cochran's formula, the number of 125 people was considered as the statistical sample size. The sampling method was stratified random. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect information based on the three-pronged model, and Kadozir's (2002) professional ethics questionnaire was used for professional ethics. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for reliability check for structural factors is 0.85, behavioral factors is 0.91, environmental factors is 0.79 and professional ethics is 0.88, which shows the acceptable reliability of this research tool. Correlation and regression tests were used to analyze the data. The analysis of this research was done using SPSS software. The state of professional ethics of physical education teachers in Shiraz secondary schools in this research is at an excellent level. On the other hand, it was found that structural factors, contextual factors, and behavioral factors have a significant impact on professional ethics.The organizational space, educational facilities, educational resources should be considered according to the professional ethics of teachers. The performance of teachers' professional ethics should be evaluated continuously. It is also necessary to pay attention to educational and cultural issues in the professional ethics of teachers.

Land use planning encompasses the rational organization of economic, social, cultural, and environmental development aspects. Spatial organization of settlement systems within the framework of land use planning is closely related to the spatial-physical patterns of rural settlements. Achieving a balanced development in rural areas depends on finding suitable spatial patterns in settlement systems generally and rural settlements specifically. Analyzing rural settlements in terms of economic, social, and environmental aspects without considering ecological, spatial, and vulnerability approaches is ineffective. Rural settlements face challenges such as poverty, income inequality, rural migration, village abandonment, neglect of spatial-physical management, and high vulnerability. Factors such as altitude, slope, geological structure, faults, water resources, soil, vegetation, and land use serve as natural bases that significantly influence the identification of suitable and unsuitable areas for rural settlement risk assessment.This applied-developmental study employs library and survey methods to evaluate the ecological and environmental capabilities of the Aq Su region in Kalaleh County for organizing settlement systems. To measure the impact of vulnerability factors on the spatial distribution of rural settlements, multiple regression analysis was utilized. Subsequently, spatial database preparation in a GIS environment (ArcGIS) was performed. After standardizing the criteria using fuzzy logic and AHP methods, weights were assigned to each criterion in the software environment. By integrating these criteria based on the AHP model and fuzzy logic, a final map indicating suitable and unsuitable areas was generated. The study area in the resulting map was classified into highly suitable, suitable, and unsuitable categories for planning various settlement activities.

Soil erosion is one of the most common types of soil degradation that has destructive effects on the environment and human life. The severity of soil erosion is usually estimated using various models. Therefore, the aim of this research is to analyze the intensity of soil erosion hazard and its relationship with environmental factors in the Virmooni watershed in Guilan province,To achieve the research goal, the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model was used, which includes the factors of rainfall erosivity, soil erodibility, topography, vegetation cover, and soil conservation practices. For this purpose, data from rain gauges of the Iran Meteorological Organization, 1:250000 soil texture map of Iran, 30-meter ASTER Digital Elevation Model (DEM), and Landsat 8 OLI satellite image were prepared in the GIS environment. After overlaying the layers, the annual soil erosion amount in the watershed was estimated.In the next step, environmental factors that are effective in soil erosion occurrence were created in the GIS environment, including topographic wetness index, stream power index, slope curvature, profile curvature, surface curvature, and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Finally, zoning maps were prepared. The results of this study showed that the soil erosion rate for the entire watershed was estimated to be between 0 and 1/80 tons per hectare per year. Among the effective factors of the studied model, the topography factor had the highest correlation (0/91) with soil erosion compared to other factors.In another study, the relationship between environmental factors and annual soil loss was investigated. The results showed that the NDVI had the highest correlation (R2=0.62) with soil erosion compared to other factors. The stream power index had the lowest correlation (R2=0.11). This research confirms the possibility of integrating environmental factors affecting soil erosion.

Landslides are one of the environmental hazards that are always associated with a lot of damage. Landslides are a common danger in mountainous areas that have a high potential in the western regions of Iran, including the Sanandaj County. Due to the importance of the issue, in this study, the effective factors in the occurrence of landslides in Sanandaj County have been analyzed. In this study, in order to achieve the desired goals, a 30 m high digital model of landslides occurred in the region (prepared by the Rangeland and Watershed Management Organization of Kurdistan Province), 1: 100000 geological map and 1: 5000 topographic map of the region Has been. The most important tool used in the research was ArcGIS and also in this research the combined model of fuzzy logic and AHP was used. This research has been done in two stages in the first stage, in the first stage of landslide analysis in relation to various environmental factors and in the second stage, areas prone to landslides have been identified. Based on the results, a large part of the landslides occurred in the direction of the northern slope (51 landslides), slope floors between 40 to 60% (51 landslides), altitudes 1500 to 2010 meters (112 landslides), nearby areas Fault lines, rivers and roads, conglomerate floors, sandstones and shales (78 landslides) as well as classes related to combined cover of pastures and agriculture and poor pastures (respectively, 64 and 36 landslides) occurred. Also, the results indicate that the southern, southwestern and southeastern regions of Sanandaj County have a high potential for landslides due to high altitude and slope, type of lithology and use, as well as northern slope directions.

Dust, or fine dust, refers to very small and light particles of silt, clay, or sand that are transported by the wind over long distances due to wind erosion and the spread of desertification. Dust storms have emerged as a significant threat to public health in recent years. This phenomenon is influenced by natural factors, such as climatic conditions, climate change, hydrogeomorphological features, and vegetation, as well as human factors, including land use changes, erosion, and other anthropogenic activities. Dust is one of the most harmful natural disasters in arid and semi-arid regions of the world, particularly in Iran, and has caused substantial environmental and human problems in these areas.This phenomenon has significantly affected various aspects of life in the region in recent years. Among the areas exposed to dust-related hazards are the southwestern regions of Iran. Due to climatic conditions, wind speed and direction, and the presence of sand dunes, these areas are prone to becoming dust centers. This has resulted in frequent occurrences of dust storms over a large portion of the year in the southwestern regions of the country. Given the importance of the issue, this research investigates the concentration of dust in the southwestern region of Iran and analyzes the factors influencing its occurrence.

In this research, Google Earth images, MODIS satellite images, CHIRPS satellite images, and a 30-meter SRTM digital elevation model were utilized. The most important tools used in the research were Google Earth Engine (for preparing dust concentration maps and average precipitation and temperature maps of the region), Google Earth (for creating geomorphological unit maps), ArcGIS (for generating desired maps), and IDRISI (for implementing the WLC model).Additionally, various indices and models were applied, the most notable being the AOD index (for generating dust concentration maps) and the WLC model (for identifying areas prone to dust center formation). This research was conductedin several stages.In the first stage, the Google Earth Engine system, AOD index, and MODIS satellite images were used to prepare the dust concentration map for the study area from 2018 to 2022. In the second stage, the correlation between dust concentration and environmental factors, such as vegetation parameters, wind speed, precipitation, temperature, geomorphological units, and altitude, was analyzed. In the third stage, areas prone to dust center formation were identified using the WLC model.

Google Earth Engine and the AOD index were employed to assess the dust concentration in the southwest of the country. The analysis involved utilizing MODIS satellite images to generate dust concentration maps for the years 2018 to 2022. Based on these maps, the highest dust concentration was observed in the central regions of Khuzestan Province and the southern regions of Ilam Province. Conversely, the lowest dust concentration was recorded in areas adjacent to Horulazim Wetland, the Arvand River, and the southern coastline.The relationship between the dust concentration index and environmental factors indicated that the highest dust concentrations were associated with areas characterized by low NDVI coefficients, low rainfall, high temperatures, low altitudes, and sand dunes.

The findings of this research showed that the correlation coefficients between dust concentration and the parameters of NDVI, wind speed, precipitation, temperature, and altitude were 0.63, 0.156, 0.557, 0.489, and 0.602, respectively. Additionally, the dust concentration coefficients in sand hills, plains, hills, and mountains were 0.71, 0.64, 0.47, and 0.23, respectively.After analyzing the factors affecting dust concentration, a map of areas prone to dust center formation was generated based on the identified parameters. The results revealed that a significant portion of the study area, including the northwestern parts of Ahvaz City and the northern parts of Hovizeh City, showed a high potential for forming dust centers. Similarly, the areas between the cities of Omidieh and Ahvaz also demonstrated substantial potential for dust center formation.The overall findings indicate that under the influence of environmental factors, a large portion of the southwestern regions of Iran is prone to dust center formation. Among the environmental factors, vegetation density played the most significant role in dust control. Therefore, the most effective solution to reduce and manage dust in the region is to establish vegetation in barren areas, particularly in the sand fields of the region.

The phenomenon of delinquency is one of the social harms which, based on studies, is caused by environmental factors. Based on this, the current research seeks to investigate the effective environmental factors on delinquency in the outskirts of Uoromia city, including the areas of Islamabad-Koshtargah. Data collection in this research was done using library, statistical, and informational sources as well as descriptive and analytical method and using field method such as interview, observation and questionnaire, and it was analyzed using structural equation method with Lisrel and spss software. Is. The findings indicate that based on the results of the estimation model of the standardized coefficients of the research structural model and a significance level of 0.021, the effects of the socio-cultural factor on the incidence of delinquency with a direct and positive coefficient of 0.99, the effect of the physical factor on the incidence of delinquency in the marginal neighborhood of Islam. Abad - Slaughterhouse with a direct and positive coefficient of 0.99, and the economic factor for the occurrence of delinquency in marginal areas with a positive coefficient of 0.99, and finally the institutional factor for the incidence of delinquency with a direct and positive coefficient of 0.99, which shows that all 4 hypotheses The research has been confirmed. Therefore, based on the results of structural equation modeling, the impact of environmental factors on the incidence of delinquency, with emphasis on indicators (socio-cultural, physical, economic and institutional factors), can have positive results in reducing delinquency.

This study's purpose is to structural model factors affecting organizational forgetfulness. The type of research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of how data is collected. The statistical population of this study is all employees of the Department of Education and Human Resources of the Ministry of Industry, Mines and Trade along with the affiliated organizations of the Ministry in the whole country, 385 people. It was obtained that a class was randomly selected. The research measurement tool was a questionnaire that validity and reliability were confirmed by different methods. Data analysis was performed using the factor analysis method and SPSS and Smartpls software. The results showed that individual, and organizational factors (human resource management, change leadership, technology, strategy, culture building, and organizational structure) and environmental factors (competition and stakeholders) have an effect on organizational forgetfulness. Applying these indicators in organizational forgetfulness and increasing organizational knowledge can be considered a positive point in organizational excellence. Therefore, when employees are aware of the consequences of organizational forgetfulness, they will welcome the organization's solutions in this regard.

Bijar County is situated in the eastern part of the Kurdistan Province and comprises three districts: Central, Cheng Almas, and Korani, along with 11 rural villages. This region is characterized by its location along the hills of western Iran, with approximately one-third of its territory being mountainous. Recent archaeological excavations conducted by the Cultural Heritage Organization of Kurdistan Province have uncovered artifacts spanning from prehistoric times to the Islamic era, including 71 sites attributed to the Iron Age. However, the cultural materials and distinctive features of the region remain inadequately understood and articulated. The primary aim of this study is to investigate the relationships between Iron Age settlements and geographical environmental factors, as well as the various types of livelihoods present. Data for this research is gathered through fieldwork, satellite imagery, GIS mapping, and library resources, and is analyzed using a descriptive-analytical approach. The study of Iron Age settlement patterns in Bijar focuses on aspects such as elevation, slope, access to water resources, and topographical features. The central research question is: What influence did environmental factors have on the establishment, distribution, and cultural interactions of Iron Age settlements in the Bijar area? By analyzing the data collected and generated through GIS mapping based on available information, the study aims to provide insights into this question. The predominant flat, mountainous, and semi-mountainous landscapes of the region have been utilized since the Iron Age; a period marked by significant enhancements in human adaptation to the natural environment. A critical inquiry arises regarding the processes of formation and distribution of sites, particularly in the northeast, central, and southwestern areas, which exhibit the highest population densities. Given the region’s defining characteristics—such as altitude, slope, water availability, and land utilization, most inhabitants reside at elevations below 2000 meters. These environmental conditions underpin the establishment of permanent settlements that rely on agriculture (both irrigated and rainfed), livestock rearing, and seasonal-nomadic lifestyles, leading to the development of herding practices. 

Today, local government has become an undeniable reality in the world; in various studies, four dimensions—social-cultural, economic-financial, geographical, and political-legal—have been identified as the most important aspects of local government. Researchers have pointed to the application of systemic thinking in local government as the most effective approach. Systemic analysis is a comprehensive and dynamic approach for examining complex phenomena. Using this approach, the interrelated and complex relationships between different elements of each system can be identified and analyzed. In the realm of local government, systemic analysis can contribute to a deeper understanding of the factors influencing the formation and performance of local governments. This research examines the four key factors affecting the formation of local government using systemic thinking to consider the impact of each factor on the formation of local government and the causal relationships among them and the entire system. In this regard, the Vensim software has been used for modeling and causal relationships. The results of the research indicate that the four mentioned subsystems can never operate separately from one another, and their continuity will create a final system for the successful formation of local government.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of family responsibilities and personal-environmental factors in the level of female participation in sports in Tehran. This study constitutes applied research with a descriptive survey approach. The study population consisted of women participating in women's parks in Tehran. Due to the diversity of the research communities, 384 people were selected to determine the sample size by referring to the final level of the Morgan's table. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, which was designed based on the research objectives and adapted from previous studies. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 10 academics and specialists in the field of sports management who studied sports participation. Its reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha (0.80). The data was analyzed using Spearman and chi-square tests. The findings of the research showed that there is an inverse and significant relationship between the rate of sports participation of women and the responsibilities of taking care of family members, and lack of time. There is a positive and significant relationship between encouragement from others, a suitable role model from the media, and the tendency towards health and sports participation of women. Considering the issue of women's sports participation and according to the results of the present study, it is suggested that policymakers and managers in the field of women's sports, who have double roles and more responsibilities in the family, are responsible for paying special attention. Therefore, it seems that the establishment of maintenance centers for children in sports complexes, the formation of women's sports associations in neighborhoods, and the development of appropriate sports programs to encourage women's participation can help as practical strategies to improve their involvement in sports activities. This can be supported by societal institutions, including the municipality and the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting.

Religious education of students and strengthening their attitude and encouraging them to perform religious duties, especially prayer, is one of the most central goals of Islamic education and an important mission of the education system. For this reason, this study was conducted with the aim of identifying and analyzing the factors of promoting prayer among students from the perspective of teachers and educators of the first secondary schools of Kermanshah city (2023-2024). The research was conducted with a qualitative approach and using thematic analysis method. In order to collect information, a semi-structured interview tool was used, and in order to analyze the information, Artride-Sterling's theme network method was used, based on which themes were classified in an inductive way based on the level of abstraction, under three groups of overarching, organizing and classification themes. became The research population included all teachers and educators working in the first secondary schools of Kermanshah city in the academic year of 2023-24. According to the principle of theoretical saturation, the number of participants includes 12 people who were selected using the theoretical sampling method. The obtained information was analyzed based on the method of inductive theme analysis (based on data) and from the basic themes to the overarching themes, on the basis of which 100 basic themes were identified and by combining themes with a higher level of abstraction, 3 organizing themes and an overarching theme was identified as "continuous promotion of prayer among students". The organizing themes of factors affecting the promotion of prayer among students include human factors, physical and educational environment, and social factors, which attention to them and the basic themes can help in reaching the goal and increasing the tendency and promotion of prayer. Be helpful among students.

Developing a knowledge-based economy requires an ecosystem that provides the necessary platform for the growth and development of technological and innovative activities and businesses. One of the key players in this ecosystem in recent years is the "accelerator", which plays a central role in supporting and accelerating the growth of startups. Despite the rapid growth of these institutions in Iran's innovation ecosystem, it seems necessary to evaluate their performance and diagnose their strengths and weaknesses. Performance evaluations allow accelerators, policymakers, and other custodians of this field to gain a better understanding of needs and challenges and improve their work process accordingly.

This research is practical and employs descriptive and survey-based data collection. The logical model evaluates accelerators' performance based on four main components: inputs, activities, outputs, and consequences, as well as two categories of hard and soft environmental factors. Data for this study was collected by distributing a questionnaire among 29 accelerators and analyzing it using descriptive statistical methods.

The results indicate that although a relatively favorable situation has been reported in some indicators related to inputs, activities, and outputs, there are concerns regarding other output indicators and, especially, outcomes. This includes the number of successful exits, the private sector, and venture capital funds, as well as the number of defined plans to address the problems of industries, government organizations, and social and regional challenges. Overall, performance in these areas is not satisfactory. Additionally, accelerators face serious challenges related to environmental factors, particularly laws, infrastructure, and access to financial resources.

Based on these findings, policy and management solutions have been proposed to improve the performance of accelerators, optimize processes, and strengthen their role. This includes a focus on establishing accelerators with a specialized, problem-oriented, and corporate approach within Iran's innovation ecosystem.

The aims of present study were anticipation motor development of 3- 12 month old infants used of environmental factors. Motor development is affected by genetic factors as well as environmental factors. The environment interacts with and influences heredity even during prenatal period

The study was a descriptive- survey. To this end gross and fine development of 856 infants were evaluated. The applied measures were preparation of the home environment for the infant motor development, the parental postpartum attachment scale, environment Opportunities Questionnaire. Variables included affordance, attachment mother- child, encourage of parent and sibling, fine and gross milestone were dependent variables. The related data were analyzed by, step by step regression.

result show in 3- 8 month old infant attachment mother- child anticipated 0.01 of gross motor development, then affordance of home and encourage of parent anticipated 0.06 of fine milestone. In 9- 12 month old infant, affordance in home anticipated 0.02 of gross motor development. And sibling and encourages of parent 0.06 anticipated fine milestone.

The results show that predicting motor development in children under one year of age is influenced by many complex factors. Awareness of effective factors can help motor development specialists and therapists work to promote the children's fine and gross motor development.