جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « geology » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

Nahj al-Balagha, as a valuable mine for theology, consists of the precise scientific answers of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) to the unknowns of the world that have occurred in the human mind. This encyclopedia is actually a treasure for all sciences that the Imam answers to the doubts created with his superhuman knowledge and by stating scientific documents. One of the branches of science, which today is called geology and is based on the study of the earth planet, discusses the complexities of the creation of the earth and the sub-branches of geology. In today's era, many propositions have been stated by earth science scientists, which have been provided proofs for these scientific propositions by providing documentation derived from modern equipment and specialized tools. This is when Imam Ali (peace be upon him) has used the Quran and his divine knowledge in several parts of Nahj al-Balagha sermons and explained these topics with eloquent expression. In this article, by examining the scientific propositions of geology and matching its certainty with the cause and effect relationships in the words of Amir, faith in the position of the Infallible Imam (peace be upon him) is achieved and as a result, with the increase of insight and knowledge, we can see the power of the unique creator in wise creation and He realized the creation of coherence and order in the universe and achieved conscious monotheism, and this is the ultimate perfection and happiness for man.

Some forms of water resources management and irrigation are necessary for forming permanent human habitats and harvesting prosperous agricultural products in the warm and arid regions of West Asia and the Mediterranean, with annual precipitation of less than 200 mm, which usually has no permanent rivers. The survival and success of societies in warm and arid regions rely on complex environmental management systems, especially water resource management and a flexible and compatible lifestyle. Due to the lack of permanent water resources and insufficient precipitation, communities in arid and semi-arid areas have built structures such as qanats, canals, dams, and pools to manage and exploit water resources. These structures follow the geographical, geological, and topographical conditions for water resources exploitation. The Neyriz Plain in the east of Fars province is one of the arid regions with limited annual rainfall. It does not have a permanent river and uses a system to exploit water resources, in which aquifers (underground water sources) play a fundamental role. According to the region’s ecosystem and the results of the archeological survey of the area, it was determined that human society development, from the past to pre-modern, in this plain has depended on the development and management of water-related systems, especially qanats. This research seeks to find the factors affecting the water resource exploitation pattern as the most critical variable affecting the livelihood and settlement pattern in the Neyriz Plain. Furthermore, the evidence related to water resource management has been investigated according to the geological and topography conditions of the region. The results show a direct relationship between the livelihood and the management pattern of water resources, vastly influencing the distribution and type of settlements (nomadic or sedentary). 

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of flipped learning on sustainable learning in the teaching of the geology section of the science course for eighth grade female students. The current research is practical in terms of its purpose and in terms of the amount of monitoring and the degree of control of variables, it is among field researches. The research method is quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with two experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the research consisted of all female eighth grade students in Nahavand city. The sampling method was purpose-based based on which 30 people were selected from the statistical population and randomly assigned to two homogenous groups of 15 people, test and control. First, the students of the experimental and control groups completed the questionnaires and then attended the training classes during six sessions. The findings of the research indicate that flipped learning method has a significant effect on sustainable learning (continuing learning, strengthening problem solving, creating creative thinking and meaningful learning) and leads to an increase in all the four scales. These results can be attributed to the process of students' activation in the teaching-learning process and increasing student-centeredness in the classroom, which is in the nature of this method. According to the results of the research, it is recommended that authorities teach the steps of the flipped learning method and review the other methods in the in-service meetings of science teachers.

Urban geology uses geological studies to manage risk of natural hazards and sustainable development in urban areas. In the circumstances that the geological hazards caused by the earthquake of November 12, 2017, had been sweeping the Sarpol-e-Zahab region, two underground tunnels were being excavated in the vicinity of the city.  The negative effects of drilling operations of these two underground structures could intensify the crisis in the region.

With the results of field visits and specialized texts review (articles, documents and reports), the geological hazards caused by the earthquake in Sarpol-e-Zahab region have been studied from the perspective of urban geological knowledge. Using the authorschr('39') executive experiences in the water transfer tunnels of Sarpol-e Zahab and Bazideraz, how to manage negative effects caused by drilling these underground structures (preventing the escalation of the crisis in the area) has been discussed.

The occurrence of earthquake has led to the occurrence of other geological hazards such as: "landslides, Rock Fall" and the region has experienced a pervasive crisis. In such circumstances, the tunneling operations intersected in places with surface water flows as well as with the citychr('39')s transportation roads. The destructive effects of drilling operations of these tunnels could cause many problems (reduction of water resources, land subsidence  and the problem of vehicle traffic on roads) and naturally the volume of problems of earthquake-stricken people increase.

The crises that occurred after the earthquake were directly and indirectly related to the geological characteristics of the city, so during the construction of tunnels, operational solutions tailored to the geological conditions were considered so that drilling machines safely cross high-risk areas and from the escalation of the social crises in the earthquake-stricken area be prevented.

Iran is one of the arid and semi-arid regions of the world with an average annual rainfall of 240 mm. The country is such arid that the average annual rainfall is less than 130 mm (Jafari and Tavili, 2013:149) in 65% of its regions; therefore, it has been facing a water shortage for a long time. Thus, due to the limitation of surface and groundwater resources in the country, particularly arid and semi-arid regions, it is necessary to identify the factors affecting the quality of water resources for protection to reduce the vulnerability of these resources. Among the various factors that cause water quality degradation, the type and material of rocks or geology are crucial in changing groundwater quality (Jehbez, 1994: 1). Accordingly, in this research, the efficiency of the GWR model was measured to determine the sources of water pollution by selecting the Izdakhvat basin as a sample of inland Zagros basin that has good but saline water resources; these areas received the most impact from a particular formation.

Underground water is one of the most important water resources that plays an important role in providing water for agricultural and drinking activities in arid and semi-arid regions (Usamah and Ahmad, 2018, Wu et al., 2019, Kumar et al., 2019). Awareness of the quality of water resources is one of the most important requirements in managing, planning, and developing, protecting, and controlling water resources. Using multivariate statistical techniques helps researchers identify the most important factors affecting the quality of water systems and is a valuable tool for water resources management (Pasandidehfard et al., 2019). On the other hand, geostatistical methods are also capable of zoning water quality at the watershed level and can play an important role in completing the assessment of water quality (Ahmadi et al., 2019). The aim of this study is to evaluate the quality of groundwater used for drinking and farming in Hable-Rood Basin, analyze and interpret the quality of these resources using ArcGIS, and perform statistical tests to determine the role of land use and geology formations in water quality.

To do this research, 132 water sources including wells, springs, and Qanats were used during the statistical period of 2008-2018. The watershed can be divided into fifteen main categories in terms of geology. Hable-Rood watershed has 11 main land uses, which has the largest area of the watershed for pasture and the smallest area of the dams. The main components were analyzed (factor analysis) to understand the most important parameters affecting the water quality. This method weighs the components and expresses a special value for each of them (Finkler et al., 2016). Factor analysis has three stages of producing a correlation matrix from all variables (Pearson correlation method), extracting the main factors, and interpreting the results. Duncan's test was also
used to check the significance level of parameters among land uses and the type of formations. Geostatistical methods were used for zoning water quality for drinking and farming purposes in the GIS. The spatial relationship of a random variable in the geostatistics was determined by the semivariogram (software GS +). The root mean square error (RMSE) method was used to assess the geostatistical methods and select the best method. It should be noted that the Schoeller diagram and Wilcox diagram were used for the drinking water zoning and agricultural water quality zoning, respectively.

The results showed that the Cl, EC, TDS, Na, Ca, TH, and SO4 vary significantly in different land uses. The highest average was related to industrial areas within the watershed due to the release of industrial materials and the spread and diffusion of groundwater pollution. Also, the parameters of Cl, EC, TDS, TH, and SO4 differed significantly in varied formations. The trend of water quality changes shows the water quality impact of land use, and water quality has decreased sharply in the industrial area, low-yielding land, saline lands, agriculture, and residential areas. The EC parameter showed the highest correlation with TDS at 5% significance level, which is due to a high correlation with the effect of increasing EC on TDS. The pH parameter did not correlate with the other parameters. The factor analysis on the basis of water quality characteristics showed that 88.16% of the water quality variations among land uses were controlled by a single factor (TDS with a weight of 0.99). The factor analysis on the basis of water quality characteristics showed that 91.59% of water quality changes in the formations were determined by two factors (the first and the second factors with weight loads of 0.95 and 0.95 belonged to the TDS and EC parameters, respectively), and the variance percentages of each of factors 1 and 2 were 77.29 and 14.3%, respectively.

In this research, the effects of geology and land use on groundwater quality were evaluated using multivariate statistical methods and geostatistical methods in ArcGIS. It was determined that some of the groundwater quality parameters were affected by land use and some of the other parameters were under the influence of the geology in the watershed. In general, however, it can be stated that in the first priority, the land use factor and human activities, and in the second priority, the geological factor affecting groundwater quality have the most significant effects. In the formation part of the geology, the dissolution of calcareous and dolomite formations, the chemical processes of salt dissolution, and evaporative formations are the main factors controlling
groundwater chemistry in the region. Based on the results, multivariate statistical techniques and geostatistical methods have the ability to recognize factors affecting groundwater quality and the zoning of water quality for different uses and are, therefore, suggested for similar research.

The integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) was considered the main way of solving environmental problems. In addition, there are many countries in the world that attempt in providing the human needs to coastal region services in order to the natural border of these zones. The main purpose of this paper is to identify the current situation of pollution in different coastal areas of Mazandaran province and the zoning of areas in terms of environmental pollution.

In this paper, we first deal with the conceptual framework of ICZM and study the successful examples of its implementation in different countries and compare them from different aspects. Then, in order to implement this project on the west coast of Mazandaran province, we will pay attention to the studies related to environmental pollution.

Findings show that in coastal management, all physical, ecological, social, and economic processes that interact on the coast and the sea should be identified and a certain coordinate between different users at local, national, regional, and international levels must be created. Furthermore, the successful implementation of ICZM requires more attention to the social and economic conditions of the Caspian littoral states.

Originality/Value:

In this article, we study the characteristics of the west coast of Mazandaran province based on important ecosystems and parameters such as industrial pollutants, soil type, vegetation (sea and land), wildlife, geology, marine topics (water fluctuations, wave characteristics, etc.) And we analyze the related issues. Finally, in order to implement the ICZM in the west coast of Mazandaran province, from the point of view of environmental pollution, we investigate the distribution of industrial pollutants in the use of coastal lands up to a radius of three kilometers in the Caspian Sea.

the Enemies, from the early days of Islam to the day, does efforts to combat this divine religion and have tried various methods. One of the this ways, is create the doubts. In this regard, recently published book entitled The Critique of the Qur'an has been published by a person named Soha, in which the author attempts to prove the existence of error in the Holy Quran. In the section on scientific doubts of this book, the author has criticized verses related to geological sciences and introduces Them as Scientific mistake. These doubts directly cover some of Nahj al-Balagha's sermons (1, 91, 171, and 211), and Due to the complexity of Answer to them, has been less addressed by scholars. The present study is a descriptive-analytical method with a critical approach and based on library resources, it critically examines the raised doubts and claims. The result of this study is that what is stated in the verses of the Holy Qur'an and the Nahj al-Balagha's sermons on the geological sciences are exactly in line with the scientific findings. also the poems that the author has argued with them In terms of document, are fictitious

To perform seismic design or seismic diagnosis, it is very important to evaluate the earthquake hazard predicted for a dam site in order to predict earthquake damage and propose disaster prevention measures. The researches were conducted for dams, exploited 10-25 years, necessary to reconstruct. To secure seismic resistance, in design calculations of dams the initial seismic intensity, disregarding of local ground conditions under dams, was accepted in the fundamentals. So it was necessary overestimate seismic hazard degree according to a modern scientific-technological level. This paper presents seismic hazard assessment and seismic zoning of Shahid dam site and its vicinity based on the probabilistic approach. Due to the significance of the dam site, seismicity studies and active faults identity is essential in this area.  In this study, seismotectonics framework and earthquake hazard in 1:100,000 scale map of Yasuj were examined. The dam site is located in 51˚ 44' 33'' E and 30 ˚48' 49'' N. The study consists of broadly two parts, the first part basically gives a detail overview of the seismicity of the region and identification of various faults existing within the Dam site with all their details and the second part includes the detemininstic seismic hazard analysis for the same. An attempt was made to compile the occurrence of past and recent seismic activities within 26 km radius, around the Shahid Dam site. The study area is located in the High Zagros zone.  Using satellite images, historical and instrumental earthquake in formation, geological and tectonic maps and aeromagnetic maps, the fundamental faults of the area and active seismic area were evaluated. An updated catalogue, containing both historical and instrumental events, is used. Seismic source regions are modeled and relationships between earthquake magnitude and earthquake frequency is established. An attenuation relation for Zagros is used. Seismic hazard assessment was carried out for the area. Seismic hazard maps of the studied area based on magnitude, intensity and depth of earthquake are shown. Earthquakes with magnitude of 1.96 or more, and earthquakes with epicentral depth interval from 1 up to 15.5 km and then gradually increased up to 35 km. The main benchmark and indicator involved in carrying out the hazard analysis is the correctness and completeness of the data which needs to be attained. Finally the results are furnished which can be used directly by engineers as fundamental considerations, for generating earthquake-resistant design of structures in and around Shahid Dam site. According to the available information, the seismotectonics map of the area was prepared and six seismic zones were rated. The dam site has been built up at the region with high seismicity. Seismic activity of a region, is usually characterized in terms of the Gutenberg–Richter frequency–magnitude recurrence relationship log10 (N) = a – b*Mw, where N stands for the number of earthquakes greater than or equal to a particular magnitude Mw. Parameters (a, b) characterize the seismicity of the region. The simplest way to obtain (a, b) is through least square regression, but due to the incompleteness of the database, such an approach may lead to erroneous results. Earthquake data file is using from 1995 to 2015 August 31. The bounded Gutenberg-Richter recurrence law for M0 is 4.0 and Mmax is 8.0. Seismic risk analysis in the study area using the Gutenberg-Richter law predicted the probability for an earthquake with a magnitude of 5.5 up to 6 on the Richter scale in the area in the next 100 years, 100 percent.  The risk analysis for Earthquakes with a magnitude of 7.5 on the Richter scale was 61.76 percent and the risk analysis for earthquakes with a magnitude of 8 on the Richter scale was 33.94 percent.

Aquifer of Saravan is considered part of the drainage basin of Mashkid river. Aquatic potential in different regions of Saravan Basin is different due to the diversity of formations and geological structures and other climatic and environmental factors. In this article, the relationship between qualitative and quantitative characteristics of water and the geological features of the region with regards to petrology and structures has been considered. Thereby, field study, reconnaissance, and the dispersion of geological formations of the determined region of Saravan was done using geological maps. Afterwards, 29 water resources including wells and qanats were selected for sampling and based on the analysis of the results of water samples, the dispersion maps and EC, TDS density of chlorine, sulphate, calcium, magnesium etc. were illustrated. Interpretation of the illustrated maps showed that the northwest of plain of Saravan from Allahabad toward the center of the plain and the western part of the Saravan-Khash road after ChahKhodabakhsh depicted low quality due to influencing factors on geological formations of low water quality and also in suburban areas of Saravan from Hoshak to Porrehkant apart from the effect of geological factors due to population density and the existence of urban sewage systems and at the end of the plain in Dehak area there is low water quality due to the location of underground water evacuation and the accumulation of the silts resulting from the flow of underground water. The best quality is reported to be of the water resources present in Chah Gomban in the south west and Chah Dashto and the Qanat of Gosh in the north of the plain and the surroundings of the granite formations of Koohsefid area in Gosht. It should be noted that the pollution hazard threatens all the water resources in the plain of Saravan.

The initial step of each phenomenon is complementary recognizing and understanding of its relationship with other effecting and affecting phenomena. Runoff yield and flood occurrence are affected by complex factors. Therefore, defining these factors recognizing their effect on the runoff generating in the catchment can help the better planning for decreasing losses of runoff and increasing the flood in the catchment. There are several factors that affecting runoff and flood generating such as non- fundamental the exploitation of nature by man, physical and hydrological properties of the catchment. Determining the effective factors may be useful to achieve optimal models and methods for champion and reducing runoff and flood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of these factors on production runoff in Hesarak catchment. In view if this, runoff of the catchment were measured using SCS method and HEC- HMS model based on five groups variables including physiographic characteristics (seven parameters), geology (three parameters), sediment types (three parameters) , land use (seven parameters) and the maximum daily rainfall and twenty one parameters. So The required layers and informations includes layers of land use, geology, Maximum daily rainfall and runoff were calculated for each subbasin. Then The informations collected after transformed and standardized, The most effective factors were determined using principal component analysis. The results showed that geology and land use are the most effective factors on runoff yield in the study area.And due the large number of variables that 2 factors justified 100% of the data variance.

Expressing the achievements of scientists and the past progress is one of the missions of every committed person in society. One of the thousands of things that can be presented to society as historical progress and achievement is the past progress of Islamic scientists in the field of physics. In this article, an attempt has been made to provide a summary of the work of Muslim scientists in the fields of kinetics and power science, landscape science (light cognition), scales and measurement of specific mass, and simple machines and mechanical devices. Finally, we examine whether the achievements and progress of the past, as well as the existing "best" in the country, can be used to teach physics. First of all, is it possible to do this? What are the barriers and benefits? … The main method in presenting the contents in an Islamic way in this article is to teach and indirectly refer to the titles and goals, not to bring the contents in a separate way from the textbook in the book. In fact, we seek to instill in the student and record his or her long-term memory without engaging the student in learning.

City waste consists of different contaminants that every day is increased in both their volume and verity. Correct localization of disposal site can reduce their scattering and thereby environmental damage. The purpose of this study is to find the most suitable areas for waste disposal. According to the lack of capacity of waste disposal sites in KHORRAM ABAD, the separation of hospital waste from city ones doesn’t do either, that can encounter the health and quality of life for residents of the city to crisis. To do this research is used of multi criteria techniques; accordingly, with regard to required indicators to do research, was prepared natural and infrastructural layers of region and after weighting to the hierarchically method, have been overlapped and integrated by saw integration layer model. The results showed that of the studied indicators in the study range, there are Two Appropriate zone for landfill. Based on studies, the two good places for landfill are in the range of thick formation, dense and with low permeability the AMIRAN; AMIRAN formation in the region target have petrology of shale and marl that are the rocks consisting of clay minerals and silicate and because the clay minerals contains the infiltration and permeability crystallography network very dense and compact, are impenetrable. But in summing final, the number one zone at the most of review indicators is preferred than the number 2 zone, is suggested used number one zone as the place for geological disposal of hospital waste of the city (KHORRAM ABAD) and number 2 zone is be used for burial of household wastes.

The study of causal inference in this study a combination of methods and techniques underlying theory or theories Grand combination was used. . In this study, in which a total of 51 in-depth interviews, interviews with 5 religious-ideological, psychological, sociological, political and cultural-literary dedicated management and some even went to the field. Analysis of the data shows that the concerns of managers and their coding despite the understanding of The issue of youth, faced with uncertainties. leading choice. In some cases, also try to shift their problems. The study analyzed data from Young people tend to distract and imported cult Howe mysticism and beliefs, joy and happiness for the young and the opportunities and threats facing it, the lack of good public spaces in the city of Iranian youth needs and issues in the field of 5-fold.These findings remained the same when alternative explanations were taken into account, such as intellectual functioning, the quality of parenting, social class, and antisocial behaviour such as fighting, lying, and stealing. The study also found evidence of spill-over effects, where social problems contributed to increasing internalizing symptoms over time. Those who were less socially competent in childhood were more likely to experience anxiety or depression in adolescence.

Quran as guide book for human، sometimes has referred to some scientific issues temporarily that in this straightforward especially، in recent century interpreters has interpreted Quran verses with scientific approach. In this article with analyze and comparative manner opinions related to interpreters and scientists experimental sciences about moving mountains in Quran، underscored، compared and examined. The main axis of article is، sura al-Naml/88 with study and examination interpret opinions regarding mountains motion with events of doomsday and material moving in this universe، besides acceptance second viewpoint، implication verse has proved on material motion of mountains in the independent way from earth motion that the most conformity has with tectonic plate theory and in especially quasi mountain motion aspect with cloud motion that is could referred to instances such as continual to appearance and destroy procedure، not inherent motion، mass magnificence، density and extension sides، and gravity intervention and earth motion.

Great Prophet in society invited people, that they rush to in the direction of null in their all different walks of life,to become dominant corruption and oppression in spite of this, Good God want by that excellencies given right to government, and want cleanse people ̉s heart from polytheism uncleaness and trimmed their behaviour and then amended fhair gathering.The Final prophet in ten years inviting period after own departure was fonforonting with different stations in regard to time and place and with different people in regard to phsycology and sociology that this followed that different exigencies, SO in this paper will answered this question that whether this different exigencies also come from phsycology and Sociology dimension and time and place dimension in that excellency knowing method.With studies and analysis about historiced, sire maghazi, translations, commentary book, getting result, that great prophet observed people,s capacity from phsycology and sociology and with attention to that every speech has place and time and every point has place with establishment mosque and demolition Mosque, dispatch invitations, creation unity, sen ding messenger to negotiation countries,s heads and… He could widen Islam to spreed word.

Understanding the earth and its related issues is so diverse that has created an independent science called geology, and makes the mind of any person curious as to how these issues have been precisely known and explained in the Quran, Prophet Mohammed (pbuh)’s miracle and Imam Ali (pbuh)’s Nahj’albalaghah. This means that the Quran, at the time of its presence, has explained scientific issues based on the available scientific capacity [of the people]. This paper, using Quran verses and the valuable saying of Imam Ali (pbuh), has reviewed the available sciences in this text regarding the creation, shape, movement, creatures, end etc. of the earth and has finally made a comparison between these texts and present geology.