جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « leverage » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

The purpose of the current research is to investigate the effect of uncertainty in economic policies on innovation, and according to the theoretical foundations in this regard, the role of risk taking by managers and the company will also be investigated. The statistical population considered by the researchers in this research was the companies accepted in the Iranian capital market during the period of 1393 to 1400, after the implementation of the systematic elimination sampling method, 1000 companies entered the final sample of the research. The research method used is correlational and causal, and the data collection method is post-event, and the data collection method used in this research is using library methods and databases of the Tehran Stock Exchange Organization. . The type of data used in this research is a panel type and the regression method to implement the research hypotheses is a multivariable type. Five sub-hypotheses in this research have been investigated at the confidence level of 0.95 with stata software. The results of the implementation of the hypotheses show that the uncertainty in economic policies caused by changes such as exchange rates, inflation and bank interest has had destructive effects on the level of innovation in different companies in Iran's capital market, and companies that focus on creativity and Innovations in their products will be more affected by this issue, and further, the results showed that the higher the level of risk-taking of managers in companies, the lower the destructive effects of uncertainty in these issues. Furthermore, it was found that state-owned companies have a moderating role in the mentioned relationship as the company's risk tolerance.

The growth of the hedge fund industry over the past five years is truly amazing. Many industry observers believe that since the dawn of the new millennium, assets in these often-called secretive investment vehicles has grown fourfold. If you factor in the number of funds of funds, the growth factor is probably closer to fivefold.Hedge funds pool money from investors and invest in securities or other types of investments with the goal of getting positive returns. Hedge funds are actively managed investment pools whose managers use a wide range of strategies, often including buying with borrowed money and trading esoteric assets, in an effort to beat average investment returns for their clients. They are considered risky alternative investment choices. Hedge funds are not regulated as heavily as mutual funds and generally have more leeway than mutual funds to pursue investments and strategies that may increase the risk of investment losses. Hedge funds are limited to wealthier investors who can afford the higher fees and risks of hedge fund investing, and institutional investors, including pension funds.Hedge funds represent a distinctive investment style. Their investment objectives, and their strategies, are very different from more traditional funds. They emphasize absolute return rather than relative return, and they use a very wide range of investment techniques -including leverage, short selling, and other hedging strategies- in the attempt to achieve their objectives.The main purpose of this research is studying hedge funds, which has attracted the attention of investors and academia in recent decades. This study aims to conduct a comparative study of these funds and gain a comprehensive knowledge about them, to determine the functions, benefits and disadvantages of investing in them.Mutual funds are regulated investment products offered to the public and available for daily trading. Hedge funds are private investments that are only available to accredited investors. Hedge funds are known for using higher risk investing strategies with the goal of achieving higher returns for their investors.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility of setting up safe deposit boxes in Iran. To do this feasibility study, two independent methods are used. In the first method, by conducting a comparative study and examining the various dimensions of these funds, focusing on 3 legal dimensions, investors and tools, theoretical feasibility was performed. In the second step, to increase validity The research was conducted using a survey research and a survey of industry experts and senior capital market activists using a questionnaire.The main approach in gaining knowledge of these funds has been done with a view to the three main dimensions of investors' needs, required tools and legal requirements. The use of a questionnaire (survey of experts) was examined.The main hypothesis in this research was: there is a possibility of setting up hedge funds in Iran. To test this hypothesis, two theoretical methods (based on library research) and a survey were used. Investors, tools and legal environment were examined. Therefore, in order to be able to set up this type of funds in Iran, it must be possible to set them up in Iran from all three dimensions. And if any of the three dimensions are not available, we can concluded that it was not possible to set them up in Iran.

Studies on these three dimensions (investors' needs, required tools and legal requirements) show that in terms of tools and legal environment, it is not possible to launch them in Iran, but in terms of need, investors need the functions that this fund offers. Therefore, theoretical feasibility states that It is not possible to set up these funds at the moment.However, in the survey method, experts believe that in terms of need and legal environment, it is possible to set up safe boxes, but in terms of available tools, it is not possible to set them up. Therefore, experts also believe that it is not possible to set up these boxes at present.Theoretically, in terms of tools and legal environment, it is not possible to set up a hedge fund in Iran, but in terms of need, investors need the functions that this fund provides. According to experts, in terms of need and legal environment, it is possible to set up safe boxes, but in terms of available tools, it is not possible to set them up.

Theoretical feasibility and the results of a survey of experts indicate that at present it is not possible to set up a hedge fund in the Iranian capital market.

According to trade off theory, firms check their capital structure in case of deviation from the optimal structure or a goal to achieve their target structure, and these adjustments has different speed in various firms. In this research, the relationship of accounting conservatism in the adjustment of capital structure of firms has been investigated. To conduct this research, 98 listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange were used during the period of 2002 to 2022. The research results show that conservatism can play an important role in accelerating the adjustment of capital structure of firms. Also, the results of this research indicate that large and profitable firms have a longer period of time to adjust their capital structure and achieve the target capital structure if they use external sources for financing due to their less desire for external financing. In other words, the large and profitable firms have a lower adjustment speed.

This is the main idea that we investigate earnings management using the approach of Markov stochastic processes. Using Markov processes, the persistence of earnings management - the continuity of earnings management over time - can be determined. Thus, this research initiates a new discussion in the field of studying earnings management behavior and intends to analyse the effect of leverage on earnings management with the help of Markov processes. The main question was whether the leverage affects the persistence of earnings management, followed by the ability to predict earnings management and the impact of current situations on the likelihood of future earnings management.

The data of 104 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) during the 2013-2019 has been used to test the research hypotheses. Also, The Jones model to determine the earnings management index and Markov stochastic process method using MATLAB software used to test the research hypotheses.

Our Findings showed that earnings management is likely at any level of leverage to occur. On the other hand, there is no regular forecast of earnings management in both leveraged and nonleveraged companies. The results also show that the impact of earnings management persistency in leveraged and nonleveraged companies decreases over time. Finally, the results showed that there is no significant difference between the persistency of earnings management in leveraged companies and nonleveraged companies.

The use of probabilistic processes helps to clarify the hidden aspects of different subjects such as earnings management. In this study, we found that leverage has no significant effect on the persistence of earnings management. The method used in this study, regardless of the limitations caused by the assumptions of regression models, helps to better understand the nature of earnings management, however, findings show that theories about the relationship between leverage and earnings management at least with the examine method in this study could not be confirmed and factors such as leverage may be affected over time by other key factors, such as increased transparency and close oversight by regulatory agencies.

One of the most important decisions that company managers face is the decisions related to financing. The purpose of this study is to investigate the moderating role of the Industry Market Concentration on the relationship between political connection and financing. The statistical population of the study is all companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and using the systematic elimination sampling method, 146 companies were selected as the sample of the research in an 8-year period between 2013 and 2020. The method used to collect information is a library and the relevant data for measuring variables were collected from Codal website and companies' financial statements and then Eviews software was used to test the research hypotheses. The results of testing the research hypotheses showed that the company's political Connection with financial leverage and debt maturity has a significant relationship. Also, the Concentration of the industry strengthens the positive relationship between the company's political Connection with financial leverage and debt maturity.

Foreign exchange was created to exchange currency between banks, but is now popularly known as a marketplace for exchanging currency pairs. Using a descriptive-analytical, desk-research and field research and due to the ban on the Forex exchange by economic authorities, the judiciary based on the sharia and legal principles this paper is proposed in order to introduce this financial market. The findings show that, Forex exchange is an unrealistic form of trading in which high-risk traders buy and sell exchange rates simply by predicting and analyzing technical fluctuations. Despite the suspicion of eating money wrongfully and the deceptive nature of this market, the main challenge of this market is the nature of the buyer and its lack of property.

The aim of this study was to design a model of brand leverage effect on brand reputation and customer reuse and promotion of the strategic position of sport clubs. The method of this study was descriptive causal, which was conducted by survey method. Regarding the uncertainty of the statistical population, the statistical sample was considered to be 384 subjects for quantitative research. Sampling method was stratified random for Isfahan city districts. Standard questionnaires were used in this study (brand reputation, customer reuse and promotion of brand strategic position) which were set up based on the research objectives. In addition, the brand leverage questionnaire was researcher-made and consisted of components of science, knowledge and experience. In a pilot study, the variance of items was determined and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the reliability coefficient of the questionnaires: brand leverage = 0.75, brand reputation = 0.79, customer reuse = 0.94, and promotion of brand strategic position = 0.75. To analyze the findings of this study, structural equations modeling was used. The results showed that the estimated values of the effect of brand leverage on brand reputation, customer reuse and promotion of brand strategic position in private clubs were 0.34, 0.17 and 0.91, respectively. Estimated values of the effect of brand reputation on reuse and promotion of strategic position of private club customers were 1.00 and 0.43, respectively. Therefore, it can be admitted that it is better for club managers to introduce a special value when promoting their brand regarding their clubs ability.

All financial institutions and banks have risks in their operations that have not been able to eliminate them, but there is the possibility of managing these risks. Therefore, financial institutions for continuity should be identify, control and reduce the risk of their life to do this, factors affecting various risks will be very useful. In many of the financial institutions framework for managing risks to consider. In this paper, we assume the existence of a significant relationship between financial risk and financial ratios that can be validity by examining past research and then using canonical correlation analysis model to evaluate and calculate the relationship between financial risks and financial ratios presented. Canonical correlation analysis is an extension of multiple correlation for the relationship between the two sets of variables. Canonical analysis, linear combination of variables that are highly correlated with the second set of variables is found. Three financial risks include liquidity risk, credit and market using certain financial ratios and indicators have been defined and are considered as independent variables. As well as financial ratios, liquidity, leverage and profitability are dependent variables .To calculate risk and financial ratios of the information contained in the financial statements and the balance sheets of 10 banks Between 88 to 93 were used. Finally, it appears that liquidity risks have the greatest impact on financial ratios. After calculations, it is determined that liquidity risks have the most effect on the liquidity, leverage and profitability rations of bank with the effect values of 0.697, 0.644 and 0.624, respectively