جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "ngos" در نشریات گروه "علوم انسانی"

Nearly three decades have passed since the activity of non-governmental organizations in Sardasht; associations formed based on economic, social, cultural and environmental needs.The present research analyzes the strategies of non-governmental organizations in the production of social capital and identifies their capital-generating and capital-depriving experiences with a qualitative approach and urban ethnography methodology, through the mediation and analysis of the activities of civil activists in non-governmental organizations. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data and thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. The research samples consisted of 34 civil activists in 31 non-governmental organizations in Sardasht. The number of samples were selected through theoretical saturation and the maximum diversity sampling method was also used. Based on the narrative of civil activists, despite the discontinuity in the institutional and social support, non-governmental organizations through strategies such as "sharing norms and values," "collective action," "social networking" and "social trust" have contributed to the production of social capital. In addition, the experiences of civil activists have been the carriers of capital-generating and capital-depriving experiences. Decapitalization experiences along with the production of limited and intra-group social capital have hindered the expansion of societal community and the expansion of social development and have perpetuated social fragmentation in Sardasht.

Nowadays, NGOs, work alongside courts and agencies such as the police to support victims of crime within the framework of associations and organizations. In this context, measures and actions have been devised by the people or with the participation of the government, in an organized manner to prevent crime and combat it. It should be noted that there are regulations on establishing and operating NGOs that are somewhat stricter than the French legal system in the Iranian legal system. Therefore, the objective of the new Iranian Criminal Procedure Code, inspired by the French Criminal Procedure Code, is a step forward in preventing the presence of NGOs in the criminal process. As a result, NGOs’ active presence and participation in Iran and France has led the legislature to dedicate several articles of its ordinary laws to these institutions.

The research method of this article is analytical-descriptive and comparative. The method of data collection is also using scientific and library resources that are studied. In this regard, an attempt is made to reach a well-organized and coherent set by formulating the material appropriately and logically and by examining the existing laws. By examining this material, the obscure aspects of the discussion are clarified as much as possible, and the subject is analyzed while paying attention to deductive cases.

According to the findings of the present article, it can be argued that the presence of NGOs prevents and reduces the process of criminal cases of children in the courts. Also, in Iranian and French law, the police are tasked with taking the necessary measures to create a sense of security among the victims against threats or retaliatory actions by the accused to prevent child victimization.

A comparison of the two legal systems of Iran and France regarding the legal status of NGOs shows that both countries have established regulations for these bodies. Therefore, it seems essential to hold the necessary training courses for NGOs to form a participatory criminal policy. In addition, a comparative study and the use of approaches from other countries’ systems may identify the strengths and weaknesses of a legal institution and may greatly assist the legislator in amending and completing existing regulations

Evaluation of the performance of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) is one of the main indicators in optimizing their management process. This article aims to assess the efficacy of welfare services and offer recommendations to managem​ent regarding their areas of improvement.The research methodology employed a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches. Quantitative data have been collected by questionnaire survey and qualitative data by in-depth interview. The sample size for the survey research was comprised of 384 individuals, who were clients and service recipients of welfare services in Tehran and comprised the statistical population. The in-depth interview was attended by fifteen senior managers and specialists.The results indicated that welfare services achieved success solely in their non-professional domains; their professional endeavors were primarily hindered by inadequate funding, insufficient expertise and specialization, and inadequate knowledge. The performance analysis of welfare services using the performance-importance analysis model showed that the four areas of professional activity of them are in the waste of resources unit and require their transfer to the optimal performance sector.Welfare service-providing NGOs in Tehran have not achieved success. This requires the restoration of three parts of the process through the way they interact with the government; content is through specialization; performance improvement; and development with periodic evaluations

The role of intermediary institutions and consisting of experts in the field of urban planning in order to inform citizens and fill the gap between them and urban management, in order to achieve partnership seems necessary. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of experts in urban affairs in citizen participation to improve the urban environment in the neighborhood. Thus, in a process of action research, the four-story People's Foundation was selected as a specialized urban planning center and the role of this institution in participation and awareness-raising to residents for two months continuously during the quality improvement project to neighborhoods in connection with welcoming the spring of 1397 in The two neighborhoods of Iqbal and Emamiyeh in Mashhad were surveyed based on Levin's action research model. The statistical population is the residents of the desired neighborhoods and the sample size in each neighborhood is more than 10% of its population. In different stages, observation methods, in-depth interviews, collection of comments on the banner, questionnaires and public hearings were used to collect data. The results of this research project, which is based on interpretive analysis, show that, on the one hand, the presence of semen can partially solve the gap in the partnership and help improve the relationship between urban management and citizens, but on the other hand there are obstacles in this direction. Which is mainly related to the weakness of legal mechanisms. Also, the presence of these intermediary institutions should be considered in the definition of partnership-based projects and the necessary grounds for the continuation of partnership and the continuation of talks with the people should be provided.

Utilizing successful models of work value in different cultures that are compatible with our culture, will improve organizations. Non-governmental organizations were chosen because of their dynamics and Harandi neighborhood because of their importance and challenges. Adapting the field findings that were obtained through observation methods, in-depth and semi-structured interviews, as well as focus groups, with work values, which were obtained from documents, indicating the general work values such as individualism with some collectivist characteristics, idioceentric and competition. On the other hand, by comparing the work values of these organizations with the three intercultural models including the Eastern model, the Scandinavian model, and the American model, some characteristics such as the existence of inaccurate contracts, high power distance, Importance of seniority, Lack of competency criteria, Less emphasis on learning and organizational memory and the existence of cross-sectional cooperations, soulless hierarchical structure, Less emphasis on welfare, inability to reconcile traditional and modern values, rejection of the power distance, rejection of long-term plans, lack of a unified national system, and a sense of injustice especially entitle type among them were seen. Formation of an integrated management system that can increase the commonalities and also provide the individual interests of the organizations seems necessary.

Work values ​​include all the meanings and orientations of the organization, which are known as organizational identity with all symbolic and material elements. There is a lack of empirical investigation and presentation of the ideal type and comparison with transnational examples to take advantage of their positive points in Iran. First, we study the existing theoretical and empirical texts to create the ideal type of work value with two components: general and universal values and specific civilizational values. Then, we will put them to the test in the cooperation space of non-governmental organizations in Harandi neighborhood of Tehran, due to the dynamics of work values ​​in such organizations and their particular challenges in this neighborhood.

Holt (1997) investigated the entrepreneurial values ​​of 200 managers of public and private industrial companies in China and the United States and showed that Chinese managers are simply pragmatic, and selective in developing behaviors that reflect success, independence, choice and self-determination. Sanchez-burks & et al (2003) showed that job interns in China and Korea received more indirect messages than Americans, and this influence was mediated by independent personal interpretations. The results of Chou et al.'s research, which compared Chinese and American managers, indicate that Chinese managers shared less knowledge with other groups and this sharing was to the extent that it did not conflict with their collectivist values ​​and collective interests.

In the documentary section, by studying theoretical texts and previous researches, the essential dualities and the civilizational patterns of work values ​​were extracted. In the field section, using the obtained model and using observation techniques, in-depth interviews and focused groups with managers and members of NGOs, residents of Herandi neighborhoods, clients of NGOs and managers of government offices, we sought to recognize the recognized values ​​in the cooperative relations of NGOs in Harandi neighborhood of Tehran. Also, all the observations and the implemented text received from the interviews and focus groups were considered as the examined texts and thematic analysis was done.

 General work values ​​have been created to some extent in the investigated organizations. On the other hand, they act individualistically, However, at the same time, the high context culture has caused the duality of self/other to emerge in the relations between NGOs with each other and their beneficiaries, as well as the formation of "temporary cooperation" and "sustainable competition" between them. Therefore, considering that they are getting the most benefits for themselves, they can do co-opetition with each other only with the formation of an organized cooperation environment. To be more precise, it can be said that the essential dualities of the work values have found new meanings in the Iranian cultural context, So that sometimes relatively opposite elements such as "individualism" and "being high context culture" are placed next to each other.By matching the local-civilizational values ​​of work, it will be easier to understand these dualities, Because, as we said earlier, it is not necessarily possible to present a bipolar range of work values. By applying Eastern work values ​​and work values ​​that govern the cooperation space of NGOs in Harandi neighborhood of Tehran, we observed that the high context culture caused by collectivism has caused "inaccurate contracts". And on the other hand, the "lack of coordination" between NGOs has caused that despite the "high power distance" and "importance of seniority", the meaning of seniority is "interpretable" and each one should interpret it in her own favor and according to her own characteristics. The lack of training of members and the lack of organizational learning, or to be more precise, the "vacuum of organizational memory", has dealt a big blow to the cooperation space of the NGOs of Harandi neighborhood. So that they are not able to provide their information to each other to prevent parallel works, and also to transfer their knowledge and experiences to each other and the future generations. A flexible hierarchy can have positive functions for an organization, but as we said, due to the relative nature of the meaning of seniority, it is not possible to take advantage of the benefits of seniority and therefore the resulting helping other(degaryari). The senior members can, if necessary, make the less fortunate groups benefit from their resources or the more capable members, But due to the lack of a model for a flexible and efficient hierarchy, only " cross-sectional cooperations" (hamyari) are seen.
By comparing the Scandinavian work values ​​ and the ruling work values ​​of the NGOs of Harandi neighborhood, it was observed that The "feminineness of the culture" that shows itself in the flexibility of an organization, is only seen in some of them. NGOs in this neighborhood cannot "provide welfare" for themselves and their beneficiaries because they are still meeting their basic needs and competing with other organizations. The lack of balance between the basic principles of the organization and not observing them, and then, the lack of facing the current issues has caused these organizations to not be able to establish a link between "traditional and new values" in an organization; while the basic principles of an organization are still not in them, we cannot expect transformation and respect to the today issues. The important feature of the Scandinavian culture, which is in harmony with the Iranian culture, and specifically the cooperation space between NGOs, is "equality and individual progress at the same time". Therefore, the presumption of the stereotypical dual existence of collectivist/individualist organizations with all the attributes attributed to them in Iranian organizations is questioned. In other words, in planning for Iranian NGOs, the Iranian spirit, which is based on individualism and equality, should be taken into account.
It can be seen that the previous dualities, especially when we compare Iranian and American organizations, have found an Iranian definition; The attitude towards justice in these organizations is more about being entitles, which is more consistent with individualism. "Competitiveness" and "individualism" are common features of Iranian and American teams. The combination of these characteristics with "not accepting power" has caused long-term collective plans to not be formed and on the other hand, some negative characteristics such as lack of transparency and parallelism have emerged. Only with the formation of an "integrated system" that manages the management of all organizations, we can talk about the continuation of cooperative behavior. Such a system should increase the desire for "sensitivity towards justice" that is more compatible with the essence of a NGOs instead of being entitle.

Through the sharing of knowledge and organizational memory, specifying an agreed basis for the meaning of seniority, formulating transparent agreements and the like, it is possible to present the fields of creating co-competition, which is similar to traditional Iranian work values ​​such as cooperation(hamyari) and self-help(khodyari), among NGOs. They should especially be able to harmonize traditional features with organizational changes and flexibility. It seems that these goals can be achieved through the formation of a national integrated system, which includes the existing organizations and ensures their interests and able to implement the agreed and applicable organizational principles in them and prevent the interference and impositions of official organizations in their affairs.

Nowadays, social development is a concept of great importance for social theorists. One of the key indicators of development is the amount of active participation of non - governmental organizations due to the fact that one of their significant roles is to take care of quality of life of all people. Regarding this, social development of nations depends on non - governmental organizations ’s participation in advocacy of rights of social groups and deprived individuals. Given that social support for families at risk of social damage has been related to individuals’ responsibility and accountability on one hand and social rights of individuals on the other hand. Based on this perspective non - governmental organization’s participation and studying their challenges can facilitate supporting these families. So, this paper as a qualitative study scrutinizes non - governmental organization’s participation in realization of social support for vulnerable families. This study was carried out with qualitative Approach with Content Analysis Method. In the present study, samples were selected using target sampling. For this method shows the selection is purposeful and crucialFor this purpose, 20 women working in the women's social sector were selected through targeted sampling from 50 women based in Tehran working in this field. The first list of all non - governmental organizations was received from the Vice President for Women and Family. Therefore, 20 women working in the women's social field were selected through targeted sampling among 50 women working in this field based in Tehran. In total, according to the elaboration and acceptance of the interview, 10 non - governmental organizations were analyzed in the research, the interviews continued until information saturation, up to more interviews did not give the researcher any new information and did not suggest a new category. It was important that women were represented in the samples as voluntary participation in the area of family and injury is generally welcomed by women and women play a more important role in this matter. From this point of view, being a female was an important indicator for the research to obtain data from the highest participation group.The main question of the present study is, what are the challenges in the participation of the non - governmental organizations in the access of families to social services? The repetition frequency was also compiled based on the repetition in the interviews for each finding. The highest frequency of repetition in intra-organizational challenges included economic problems, managerial weakness, and unfamiliarity with members' cooperative work coordinates, respectively, and the lowest frequency was dedicated to insufficient awareness, knowledge, and expertise in the field of vulnerable families. Also, the highest frequency of repetition in extra-organizational challenges, respectively, includes a charitable perception of the activity of non - governmental organizations and a political perception of the activity of non - governmental organizations in the field of damage, and the lowest frequency of repetition in extra-organizational challenges is simultaneously due to the weakness of networking in non - governmental organizations and lack of transparency. It has a legal structure.The results of the research emphasize that it should be noted that the participation of farmers cannot be seen only in a linear spectrum of zero and one, but based on the type and manner of their activity, the amount of their participation should be based on a spectrum with two ends from passive participation to active participation.From this point of view, the activity of non - governmental organizations will be defined from an active participation to a passive participation, and in between, there will be semi-active and without any doubt semi-passive, etc. Also, the findings of the research indicate that in the field of education, the activity of non - governmental organizations is active participation, but in the field of gender politics, this participation tends to be passive. It should be noted that education has been given more attention by non - governmental organizations not only as an aspect of social services, but also as a tool for the realization of other aspects of social services used by them to achieve their goals. So, this kind of the participation of the non - governmental organizations is not properly and efficiency in the field of for vulnerable families.

Nowadays, the impacts of tourism are one of the academic topics and concerns of experts in this field, and they are trying to increase its positive effects through network and cluster activity and find solutions to reduce the negative effects of tourism. Sustainable tourism requires the active performance of non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and museums can also play an axial role as educational institutions. Unfortunately, there is no close relationship between museums and NGOs in Iran, and the International Council of Museums (ICOM) is the only active NGO in this field. In contrast, the collaboration of NGOs and museums can be a step towards popularising the challenges facing sustainable tourism development. The objectives of the present research are: 1) to identify the factors affecting the participation of NGOs in promoting museums and sustainable tourism. 2) to explore the collaborative opportunities of NGOs and museums towards sustainable tourism development. In this regard, the qualitative method (thematic analysis) was used with the help of MAXQDA software. The statistical population of the research was the active members of NGO experts in the fields of tourism, culture, museum, environment, and geography. The data was collected using a semi-structured interview form. It is worth mentioning that the data reached saturation point in the 20th interview. The data coding results illustrated that moral and professional codes and policymaking influence NGOs’ participation in the development of museums and tourism. In addition, the five main themes of cooperative education, collaborative and interactive thinking, participatory advertising, holding joint events and exhibitions, and social participation were identified as collaborative opportunities for NGOs and museums towards sustainable tourism development. It should be pointed out that cooperation and partnership relations are a suitable alternative to competition in sustainable tourism, and this partnership facilitates the achievement of sustainable tourism goals, which have been at the forefront of central policy of global tourism development for more than two decades.

The Universal Periodic Review mechanism is a concrete example of the principle of sovereign equality in Article 1 of the United Nations Charter. This process has left no place for any government to complain about discrimination or superiority of powerful governments. The Universal Periodic Review mechanism supports the three important foundations of peace and security, development and human rights, and is considered one of the most important monitoring mechanisms of the United Nations Human Rights Council, in which non-governmental organizations play an important role. There is no doubt that non-governmental organizations are creative in interacting and cooperating with this international mechanism, but the question is whether they were able to improve their position in this mechanism, unlike other human rights mechanisms, treaty bodies and special procedures, or their role and prove their effective function in creating and promoting the culture of human rights by providing advice and participation in the country under investigation?

This is a scientific-research article and it was written in a documentary (library) method.

This article deals with the role of non-governmental organizations and their influence in applying and implementing the recommendations of the government-oriented mechanism, using the national report of Turkey, stakeholder reports and the Universal Periodic Review info’s database. The recommendations presented in the interactive dialogue express the concerns of non-governmental organizations. The results of this study show that the recommendations of non-governmental organizations, especially their coalitions in this country, are closely related to many of the recommendations of the investigating governments and other human rights mechanisms of the United Nations, such as treaty bodies and special procedures, which are the complementary arm of this mechanism.

The present study is aimed at investigating the important variables, the reasons for conflict and variation in the results of the conducted researches, the causes of existence of intervening variables, and the identifying and investigating hidden variables from the researchers’ perspective.

Quantitative and qualitative method was chosen using meta-analysis technique, and then research findings were determined, collected, combined and summarized. On this basis, 52 articles and dissertations were deemed qualified and had the initial criteria for entering the meta-analysis. Following checking and removing duplicated and irrelevant cases, 40 were selected.

The findings of the meta-analysis showed that there are several factors in the social prevention of crime and the percentage of contribution of every factor was as follows: individual (8%), social (29%), cultural (19%), policing (31%), economic (4%) and political (9%) were effective in the social prevention of crime. Some of these factors were considered independent variables in the studies; while they were considered dependent variables in others. Among these factors, policing factors have had the most impact, and economic factors have had the least impact on the social prevention of crime. The results of the research indicate that various studies have used various indicators in crime prevention as criteria such as public training, family, media, social participation, interaction with people, social environment and virtual space. For this reason, the obtained results sometimes varied and were in contradiction with each other. Also, the contribution of economic factors and NGOs in the social prevention of crime have been given less attention and/or have been ignored in these studies.

The purpose of this study was to meta-analyze the research conducted in the field of the role of NGOs in solving social problems. The statistical population of the study is all articles and dissertations done in Iran in this field in the years 1991-2019. Through research in databases, 104 researches were extracted and general information about them was provided in the next step to calculate the Effect size were selected only those researches that had been done quantitatively and by survey, the number of which is a total of 23 articles (scientific-research) and dissertation. Findings showed that 29.8% of the research was done quantitatively and 70.2% was qualitative. Therefore, we are faced with the dominance of qualitative methods in research in this field. Social sciences (26.9%). According to the findings, environmental variables, women's empowerment, street children, etc., crime prevention, urban and rural development, security, and addiction have been among the most frequent variables in research in this field. The results of "effect size" statistics indicate that the highest effect size is related to the variables of crime prevention with a coefficient of 74%, then the variables of addiction, empowerment of women and children ... and the environment with coefficients of 45, 42, 41%, respectively. . Finally, in a general conclusion, it can be acknowledged that in this study, although according to the requirements of quantitative meta-analysis method, we have calculated the effect size, but in the opinion of the researchers, given that in most of the studies, with significant methodological problems And how to measure them, not choosing the appropriate statistical population, etc.), so we can not rely much on estimates of the size of the relationship, and therefore the size of the effects estimated in the present study, will not be very accurate.

Today, it is so important to investigate how to deal with natural disaster in making communities and cities resilient in all disciplines. In the natural disasters of recent years, along with government assistance, non-governmental organizations have played a very important role in bringing people back to normal life quickly and repairing the damage. The quick impact of natural disasters leads to numerous damages, that’s why it is necessary to pay attention to the role of non-governmental organizations in effectively confronting people with floods. Therefore, this applied and descriptive-analytical research was conducted with the aim of assessing the situation of non-governmental organization in increasing social resilience after the flood crisis. The study population consists urbanism experts and non-governmental organizations. A total of 49 questionnaires were distributed between them. For data analysis, two sample independent t-test and path analysis of structural equations in SPSS and SmartPLS software were used. The results showed that social responsibility (0.890), trust (0.879), empowerment of individuals (0.879) scored the highest values, and educational spaces (0.663), emproving the quality of the environment (0.722), and providing voluntary experiences (0.746) showed lowest scores in the face of resilience. Therefore, non-governmental organizations can be effective in increasing social resilience after future crises by creating and improving educational spaces, improving the quality of the environment and providing voluntary experiences. Moreover, the results of two sample independent t-test showed that the desired dimensions are at the desired level (p<0.05). The responses of the two statistical communities of urbanism experts and non-governmental organizations in evaluating the role of non-governmental organizations in increasing social resilience after the flood crisis are the same to the variables in the response of the urbanism experts and non-governmental organizations.

Although the statistics show the growth of the number of NGOs in the country, this quantitative development is not accompanied by qualitative development, and in reality, there is no match between the number of the NGOs and their performance, and they are struggling with many problems on the way to achieving their goals. The purpose of the present research is to identify the most important problems of the NGOs in the field of social problems in Tabriz City and design and validate a questionnaire to rank these problems. Research method To identify the most important problems, the method of practical participation was used, which was achieved through the participation of 49 non-governmental organization managers in the field of social problems in Tabriz City in 2021. The set of problems mentioned by the managers was analyzed through Maxqda Software, and the findings were coded in the form of 254 concept codes, 18 sub-categories, and 4 main categories. Then based on the concept codes written by the participants, items were compiled. Then, the subcategories were the basis for designing the questionnaire items. In the next step, Smart PLS Software was used to check the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. According to the model fitting results, the designed questionnaire has reliability and validity. The results of rating the problems from the point of view of managers (133 managers) showed that the components, 1- Not having a fixed place and the rent of the place, 2- Lack of teamwork culture in the society and members, 3- Cumbersome laws and lack of unanimity of government institutions, 4- Lack of credit and financial resources and non-payment of costs, and 5- Lack of awareness of the existential philosophy and the nature of the NGOs ARE considered to be the most important problems.

The general purpose of this study is to identify thelow qualityof the activities of NGOs in facilitating and providing services for social resilience. Here, the role and actions of Abrar Charity Institute inrural areas of Ghaenat city against the phenomenon of water shortage are focused. This research is an exploratory research with a qualitative approach. Data collection tools; The interview was semi-structured and the content analysis technique was used to analyze the data obtained from the interview. Although there are many influential people innon-governmental organizations, but this research is the result of interviews with 16 facilitators of Abrar Institute who are in direct contact with the local community and have worked there. At the beginning of the coding process, 372 initial concepts, 57 sub-themes and 13 main themes were identified. Findings show that Abrar Institute has facilitated and guided public activities in the fields of economy, society, infrastructure, environment and agriculture, and health.The findings also show that the initial distrust of the people, the distrust of the people in government institutions, the weakness of quality manpower in the village and inflation and economic problems are among thechallenges that the institute has facedThe experience and activities of Abrar Institute in the studied villages show thatNGOs can be hopedfor as a voluntary social capacity to promote socialresilience in rural areas and their adaptation to water scarcity

Despite the growing role of NGOs in economic development and other sectors, The growth and sustainability of such organizations in many countries, especially at the local level, is challenging and deterrent. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of identifying, measuring and evaluating the Barriers of the formation of non-governmental organizations, by descriptive-analytical method, in 30 villages (equivalent to 2147 households) and 300 sample rural households in Javanrood township.Therefore, for designing a questionnaire, based on various studies and according to the conditions of Iranian society and the region under study, inhibitors (effective variables) in the form of 7 indicators (economic, structural, socio-cultural, infrastructure, educational, individual and psychological) and 54 items. The rate of formation of non-governmental organizations in socio-economic and environmental dimensions (effective variable) was identified in the form of 11 items and designed in the Likert scale.The collected data were encoded in SPSS software and through path analysis method, the direct and indirect effects of inhibitory indicators on the formation of non-governmental organizations in the sample villages were assessed and evaluated. The findings of the study showed that, Except for the psychological index, which had only a direct effect effect, Other indicators have had a direct and indirect effect as well as a high and inverse correlation coefficient in the formation of non-governmental organizations. In this regard, the most impact was related to the index of political structure (-0.689) and the least impact was related to the socio-cultural index (-0.222) and psychological (-0.171). Therefore, according to the research findings, in the first step, the change of approaches from "top to bottom" and " state-baced " to "bottom-up" and "community-based" approaches, defining the position of. Non-governmental organizations in the policy-making and planning system of the country, as well as productive and purposeful education of stakeholders due to the importance and direct and indirect impact on other indicators, is necessary for the formation of non-governmental organizations.Keywords: NGOs, Barriers, Rural Settlements, Javanrood township

Social issues have been increasingly complex and traditional methods unable to solve the issues. Designing a model for social entrepreneurship in NGOs is then a must. This study tried to design a model in charity centers of the Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation. Its statistical population of this applied research is consisted of university faculty members, managers and experts of the Relief Foundation, and activists of social entrepreneurship in Shiraz. Purposive sampling was used to select members of the sample, which continued to saturation and 18 people were selected. A semi-structured interview was used to collect data. Brown and Clark’s six-step method of theme analysis was used to analyze the data. Being run for three steps of coding, themes were presented. The results showed  that a model for social entrepreneurship in NGOs has 7 overarching themes and 17 organizing themes: flexible structure (pioneering and inclusive), entrepreneurial culture (trustworthy, responsible, and altruistic), social value creating (social empowerment and support), entrepreneurial strategies (cooperation and creation of resources), community-oriented leadership (creative, collaborative, efficient), social service oriented employees (extra-role, interacting and efficient) and creative processes (quick and networked). It is suggested therefore that NGOs, especially charity centers of Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation, use the proposed model of this research to respond better to social issues.

One of the important issues of urban poverty is marginalization. Marginal areas are also part of the large system of the city, but the livelihood of marginalized residents is different from other parts of the city in terms of spatial, economic, social and cultural boundaries and faces severe shortages. Marginalization plays a role, so we must use the capacity of non-governmental organizations. This research has been done with qualitative content analysis technique, which is based on collecting data from national and international articles and reports related to them and other reliable sources related to the capacity of organizations in order to empower marginalized residents and evaluations and The authors' mental impressions of these sources have been made. In this study, one category of NGOs' capacities in order to empower marginalized residents, three sub-categories of local community policy-making, popular institution building and behavioral psychology and twelve codes including discovering and recognizing general issues, education, measuring perspectives, motivation. Accepting and creating public legitimacy, expanding and strengthening coordination between municipalities and non-governmental organizations, public mobilization and public participation, informing and raising awareness, attracting public funds and small resources, prevention, treatment and guidance and guidance to The capacities of non-governmental organizations in order to empower the marginalized residents were discussed.

It is very important to build the capacity of members of the legislature or parliament to carefully review proposed laws, interact with civil society, and monitor the executive branch. One of the tasks of local and international non-governmental companies in the legislative process can be to help draft a law to deal with violence against women and girls. By maintaining contact with regional and country offices, NGOs may be able to insert themselves into the lawmaking process and thereby ensure the promotion of victims' rights and needs. Non-governmental organizations can also ask for help from experts in the field of preparing the law on violence against women.Abused women need a variety of services: emergency shelter, medical care, protection, financial assistance, and counseling services. Phenomena such as violence against women still remains and does not allow them to freely enjoy their rights without fear, at home and outside. A woman's life is insecure in every way. He is subject to continuous violation of human rights. Very few women in the society react against injustice and violence. Sufficient legal punishment to prevent perpetrators of violence has not been proven. Among the various forms of violence, domestic violence is the most widespread and at the same time recognized as a violation of human rights. In this article, while presenting information about the right of the victim in determining the punishment and how to implement it, the role of non-governmental organizations in supporting the victimized women in Iran and Canada is discussed.

Prevention of juvenile delinquency is a very important issue that has been considered by both domestic legal systems and international authorities and documents. Therefore, it is necessary and necessary to involve criminal and non-governmental institutions to prevent preventive measures. To be paid. Active and non-criminal prevention, especially social prevention, are among the most important preventive measures in the field of juvenile delinquency. The question of the present study is which institutions can be considered as contributing to crime prevention and what role can governmental and non-governmental institutions play in applying a comprehensive approach? The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of the type of research that was collected and analyzed using library resources. Crime prevention in the world today is seen as an activity that must comply with a series of specific laws and regulations. Lack of clear rules and regulations and uniform and coherent management in the field of crime prevention management in Iran has caused many problems. Lack of a comprehensive and inconsistent approach between governmental and non-governmental institutions in the field of crime prevention, as well as the lack of a clear legal framework for crime prevention problems in Iran. Various organizations to play a role in this field.

Non-governmental organizations are among the non-governmental organizations that have been formed with non-profit goals and to help the government solve public problems. This research has been done with the aim of prioritizing the effective factors in the information aristocracy of the activities of non-governmental organizations in Zanjan city.

The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. Preliminary information was collected in a library, then during an interview with experts and their consensus based on a 5-point "Likert" spectrum, a 20-item questionnaire was prepared. The statistical population included 80 intelligence, security and law enforcement experts in Zanjan city and 65 people were selected using Morgan sampling table. Data analysis was performed descriptively-inferentially by SPSS software.

Based on the studies, four influential components in the field of information aristocracy on the activities of non-governmental organizations have been identified. The results of practical tests have proved all the hypotheses. The results of Friedman test showed that among the four variables in the information cycle process that have caused information-disciplinary aristocracy over the activity environment of non-governmental organizations in Zanjan; The variables of dissemination and productivity (82.2) and information planning (78.2) are in the first and second priority, and the components of news analysis and cultivation (73.3) and news collection through news sources (3 / 65) are in the next priorities.

In order to control the activities of the semans, it is necessary to continuously monitor and analyze the movements, movements and activities of the semans after determining the information requirements and the main elements of the news, and to provide the results to commanders and decision makers in a timely manner.