جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "semantic relation" در نشریات گروه "علوم انسانی"

The present study aims to analyze the verb “bastan” (to close) using cognitive semantics. The meanings of “bastan” have been collected using library method, extracted from dictionaries including Sokhan, Dehkhoda, Sadri Afshar's Persian Dictionary, Persian Spoken Variety, and the Etymological Dictionary of the Persian Language. This data was used for comparative analysis. In this research, a qualitative research method has been used to describe the meanings and to determine if there is a relationship among them using the image schema theory in cognitive semantics, specifically the models proposed by Evans and Greene, Evans and Evans. The analysis of the schematic meanings of the verb “bastan” showed that out of 26 meanings, 11 are force schemas, indicating an obstacle of a physical or abstract nature, and 18 are link(age) schemas, either physical or abstract. In one case, in addition to the mentioned schema, a splitting schema was considered. Etymological considerations show that the verb “bastan” originates from a single root in its current form: -band in ancient Persian, bandh (badhnāti) in Sanskrit, and -band in Avesta. This matter does not allow the existence of two different unrelated schema, because the connection between meanings will be lost. This research argues that associative schemas show the relationship between the various meanings of the polysemic verb “bastan”.

Nature is a theophany of divinity and motion which human lives are considered on it. Human essence along with nature, could lead to a spiritual journey and also help manifest new science to a better green and clean world. Theosophist person is watchful in holly nature and in his search toward the semantics of all creation, could feel the essence of all the beings. Mollasadra is one of those theosophists and philosophers, who have a knowledge of the being of things, and his spiritual journey is based on the essential idea of existence. That’s why his philosophy could be applicable in all periods of human science. His model of Transcendent theosophy which is based on Human, reality, and existence, is an important subject that can be applicable to the model of Human, Nature, and Architecture.The aim of this research is to express the semantic relation of divinity within nature, with human transcendence of soul, in order to reach new philosophical and scientific relation between Mollasadra's theories of nature with Biophilic technologies, to increase the quality of life.

Literature Review:

Trans-substantial Motion theory of Molasadra explains that the being of all existents, from imperfection to perfection are in motion. Therefore, the essence of all existents is in motion. The proof of such theories in the material and scientific world is important. Digital technologies in all fields are a good example of creating a virtual connection between things and their beings.According to philosophical theories of Fundamental reality of existence, Gradation of being and Trans- Substantial Motion, Mollasadra proves that nature with all its little bits is a motion, and the least concept for it is to attain perfection. Nature is the whole material in front of the immaterial world, while nature from another point of view is an inner power that orders the whole creation with divine order. It also means the simple indivisible essence of humans. Therefore nature via being a material output is also an inner quality that is one essence of humans and the world. The qualitative side of nature is applicable to basic philosophical theories.The world today is dealing with different sorts of problems in the living environment. Sustainable development was a perfect solution to this damaged world, sustainable design attempts to recognize this chaos and bring the world peace and welfare. A unity of reaching and feeling happiness is percept within all concepts and theories of trans-substantial motion to sustainable design and smart biophilic technologies via energy transformation. These theories and methods were all attempting to create a better living environment for human beings.

The research is an interdisciplinary inquiry based on Mollasadra's philosophy and Biophilic design. Therefore understanding the clear vision of professors on these two topics was essential. Also since the aim of this research is the relation between the spiritualities of nature and the perfection of the human soul via creating scientific and philosophical aspects, designing space according to new modern biophilic technologies, in order to improve the quality of life in the living spaces, is important.The qualitative research method (Grounded theory) of Strauss and Corbin, which tries to reveal the correlation of interaction of beings, is used in this research. Therefore eighteen deep interviews, in the field of Philosophy and Architecture have been done, and the data have been analyzed with MAXQDA software. As a result, 89 definitions were found which were categorized in 24 meanings, and landed on a paradigm.

The semantic analysis of the relation between Humans and Nature according to Mollasadra's Transcendental Knowledge, speaks about Biophilic Design and Mollasadra philosophy. The interdisciplinary research on these two subjects is an innovation that expresses a philosophical matter in the modern world of design.The findings of the definitions, purpose, and categorized meanings, were assorted in two tables. Table 1, defines nature as the reason for human development, which proves that, through all periods of human development, nature played a significant role in the perfection of mind, body, and living environment. Table 2 is about Divine Vicegerent. This is a term that arises from the Quran, but has a universal meaning in all civilizations. This part of the research emphasizes the relation of Divine Vicegerent and Architect, on how according to spiritualities, they create and build their living environment, which via perfecting the soul will improve quality of life.

Mollasadra’s Transcendental Knowledge, along with many supernaturalism and theism philosophies, attempts to reach wisdom that physically and spiritually improves human well-being and acts in order to create better living conditions. This attempt is based on the relation between the essence of nature with human beings. Trans-substantial motion through reaching the reality of essence transforms the human soul to feel happiness and let other human beings enjoy it, and living in an intelligent architectural space, that its aim is beneficiary renewable energies in the buildings, accomplishes this concept. Living in Biophilic places raises both the human soul and the quality of life. The industrial world today, is in need of new technologies to create natural spaces in small human living environments such as House Vertical Farm or Green Living Walls. The findings of the paradigm express the clear philosophical relation of nature and the human living environment, which explains the essence of human beings in the vicinity of nature, flows to its perfection.

One of the important components that Allameh Tabataba'I has considered in Tafsir-Al-Mizan is the semantic relations among the verses, which he has discovered by using Qur'anic evidence specially the context rules. By using library tools and written in a descriptive-analytical way, the current paper has reviewed one of the principles of the author of Al-Mizan in understanding the Qur'an. The result of this study shows that according to Allameh the most important and common semantic relations of verses exist among strong and meaningful relations such as Ta’alil (causality) relation among the verses (causation of a part of a verse for the other part of that verse, and causation of a verse by other verses), preparing to state a subject (a sentence for stating another sentence of the same verse and a verse for stating another verse), answering the existing and predetermined question, considering the absolute and conditional relation, generalization and specification relation (common generalization and specific generalization). For discovering Allah almighty’s purpose and providing the correct interpretation of verses, it is required to consider these relations.

Nafthat al-Masdur by Shihaboddin Mohammad zeydari and Jahangosha History by Ata al-Mulk Juveyni are valuable literary and historical works of 7th century AH. These two books, like other contemporaries, are written with artifact and technical prose. In technical prose, verbiage is used as a writing method; i.e. excessive use of words and phrases for explaining little concepts. The use of verses, sayings, proverbs and Arabic poems is also a method that leads to lengthy writing. The authors of the two works combined Arabic prose and poetry with Persian writing through different methods. In this research, literal and semantic relations between Arabic phrases and Persian prose were studied. Also, the status of Arabic phrase in Persian word and the way it is combined with Persian prose are investigated. The results clearly revealed that, on one hand, Arabic phrases of Nafthat al-Masdur and Jahangosha History can establish verbal relationship with Persian text. This relationship is evident in two forms: first, Arabic prose and poetry, as a part of speech in sentence, take form of subject, object, predicate, possessive, adverb, complement, and clause; second, rhetorically, appear as with one of the rhetorical categories such as simile, metaphor, irony, ambiguity, brevity, debate, and etc. on the other hand, Arabic implication well managed semantic relationships with Persian prose using various methods including complementation, stress, allegory, description, summarization, and interpretation.

One of the most important structural features of Nahj al-Balaghah is the harmony and coherence of semantic relation between the word and other words. This semantic relation can be explained by semantic harmony and it is therefore appropriate to utilize syntagmatic axis, which is one of the major strategies for transmitting speech. The value of word ordering and their selection by speaker become obvious through semantic relation between syntagmatic words. Meanwhile, the word “reason” is one of the polysemous words in the valuable book of Nahj al-Balaghah. Therefore, by descriptive-analytical method and through the usage of library resources, the present research has examined the syntagmatic axis of the word “reason” in that book and has concluded that syntagmatic position between “reason” and other words such as “testimony, treasury, strengthen, speaking, mistake, devising, admonishment, observance, and tradition” expresses a kind of semantic harmony in speech.

Shukr (giving thanks) and shirk (ascribing partners to God) are two of the most frequently used terms in the Qur’an. At the first glance, these two have only a contrasting relation of an opposition type between good and evil. However, a study of the verses of the Holy Qur’an shows that these two concepts have other relations, as well. Conducting a comparative study of the two concepts of shukr and shirk, the present research attempts to further elucidate their relations. To this end, after describing and analyzing the verses concerning the two concepts, it is concluded that the conceptual contrasting of shukr and shirk is in such a way that shirk can be substituted with the negative of its opposite (non-gratitude); that is, where the verse is implied as mentioning “you do not give thanks”, it is substituted with “you practice shirk” and vice versa. Furthermore, the negative-affirmative relationship between the causes and preventers of shukr and shirk are to such an extent that the causes of shukr have been introduced as preventers of shirk. In conclusion, it is to be said that according to the verses of the Qur’an, so long as man commits shirk, the real shukr, which is the same as monotheism, would not actualize.

Some Islamic mystics have found a close relationship between Verse 172 of Araaf Surrah in Holy Koran and the immutable essences which are among the terms in theoretical system of Ibn Arabi. The present study tries to find answers to the question of the relationship that Molana has found between the two concepts when he gives references to Alast verse in his Mathnavi. The definition of immutable essences and some related concepts are provided here. Moreover, some pieces of poetry of Molana which embody the relationship between the two concepts are analyzed in this study. The results show that Molana has seen a relationship between Alast verse and immutable essences in areas such as Allah’s eternal knowledge, the reflection of essences in prophets and saints, eternal origins and the mystery of destiny.

In linguistic research, compound word emerges from two or several lexical morphemes and at least it consists of two roots that both are words or are morpheme root. In many works, it is mentioned to Persian compound words but number of works that have the semantic point of view to Persian compound words with amount of researches that have examined these words has been little and purpose of this research is that with cognitive – semantic approach, we study types of the semantic relationships of exocentric compounds. From cognitive Linguistic point of view, the semantic relationship among compound parts is definite criterion for compound final interpretation. Endocentric Compounds have the Known Semantic relationships between your components: while exocentric compounds do not follow a certain pattern in this field. With reading books, studying newspapers have compiled these nouns and have studied the semantic relationships between exocentric compound according to list of Girju et al (2005) as a result of it was defined that exocentric compound names have 11 the semantic relationships, they include possession, simile and local relationships. The highest- frequency of these semantic relationships are metaphoric and numerical relationships and the least- frequency of them are causal. These researches can be used in the areas of morphology, can be helped us in opening the nodes of Persian Language grammar.

Some of theories which try to explain the mechanisms underlying false memory phenomenon postulate that false memories are due to existence of semantic relations between studied items which increase memory''s vulnerability to this kind of distortion. Thus، the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of shifting attention away from semantic relations among words in associative lists in Deese/Roediger–McDermott (DRM) paradigm، through dividing attention، on false memory in visual and auditory modalities. A total of 462 university students (355 girls، 107 boys) were tested in DRM paradigm for their false memories. Original series of DRM consists of the lists of words. Each list is related semantically with a lure word that doesn''t exist in the origin list، and reminding the lure word in testing time، measures false memory. Results revealed that false recall of divided attention group was less than control group، but there was not any difference between divided attention and full attention groups. In addition، the amount of false recall of visual lists was less than auditory lists. There was also a significant interaction effect between modality of presentation and dividing attention، indicating that the amount of false recall differs between visual and auditory presentation only when participants engage in the task with full attention. Results of the present study have shown that dividing attention in the study phase can act as an effective way to reduce false recall in both visual and auditory modalities.

The present article seeks to explain the position of the word "Righteousness" by the method of descriptive semantics. After the etymology, its semantic relation with collecative and substitute words has been examined in the Quran. Therefore, according to the research features, descriptive analysis method has been used. The results of descriptive study showed that “Righteousness” in spiritual application based on substitutional orientation or collecation orientation has semantic relation with the words like “piety”, “faith”, “charitable”, “forgiveness”, “honesty”, “better” and “goodness”. Based on collecation orientation with words, it is located in a semantic field such as misconduct, tyrant, miserable, rebellious, disobedience, iniquity, aggression, sin, and bad, and in some semantic components, it has contrastive meaning with them. Another important result, is the deep semantic relation of “righteousness” with other words in the same field in the Holy Quran. These relationships have caused the word “righteousness” to be impressed by the adjacent words and the meaning system placing in it, such that it survives with distinct and transcendental meaning. The word “righteousness”, as the most general moral concept, has a literal meaning of "development of good work", and its conceptual and applicable scope is very wide, which can be summed up in the three semantic aspects of "obedience", "goodness " and "piety".

Traditional and modern linguists consider the linguistic context as one of the important topics in language studies and especially in semantics. In traditional syntax and rhetoric، «deletion» bears many similarities with the modern linguistic context. The extensive presence of linguistic context in semantics، such as context in syntagmatic relation، in other words، in grammatical structure، especially semantic relations such as synonymy، polysemy، antonymy، and even in higher levels، the paragraph and context may help the reader to comprehend the exact meaning of words; this، also، is highly important in translation. This article tries to explore the features and functions of such context in both traditional and modern linguistics. Furthermore، to some extent، it refers to the similarities and differences of linguistic context in semantics by considering the subject of parallel in syntax and rhetoric.