جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « waste » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

In this research, an optimal supply chain network for the collection and recycling of urban waste has been presented by using the double-objective mixed integer linear programming method. In the supply chain design of this research, in addition to the concept of recycling, the concept of a dedicated hub was also considered for each type of separated waste. The objective functions include an economic function to minimize investment costs and a social objective function to maximize the amount of recycling. To solve the large-scale problem accurately, the Lagrange release method has been used. To validate and confirm the efficiency, the model was implemented on a case study in the city of Karaj. According to the obtained results, in order to increase the amount of recycling in the waste supply chain network, more infrastructural and operational investments are needed in the area of forming hub centers. By increasing the amount of recycling, the harmful environmental and destructive effects caused by burying and burning mixed waste will be reduced. In this research, it was observed that the Lagrange release method is able to solve large-scale problems with appropriate accuracy and in less time compared to the commercial CPLEX solver. Therefore, the Lagrange release method can be used as an accurate solution to reduce the time of solving large-scale problems.

Today, protecting the environment as one of the most important pillars of sustainable development is a global issue that cannot be achieved without the true and informed participation of people. The family is the first and most basic social and educational institution and the most effective factor in the development of human personality, whose role includes not only hereditary and physical characteristics, but also the transmission of values ​​to children and the strengthening of religious beliefs. In the teachings of the Qur'an and Atrat, the issue of contentment, frugality and avoiding extravagance is considered an influential issue in society, and its importance is so great that this category has always been encouraged as a virtue. In the Holy Quran, the word extravagance is used in different words about 13 times. The recycling process is also one of the examples of correct consumption from the point of view of the Razavi school. Through recycling, in addition to significant savings in all types of energy, waste can be avoided and moderateness can be adopted. The findings in the current research show that the compatibility of behavior with the economic teachings of Islam, non-extravagance and wastage with collective orderliness within the family, forward-looking and strengthening the will, has a direct meaningful relationship that is influenced by structural and background factors. The regularization of the family is also influenced by the quality of the transfer of economic teachings of Islam, the creation of educational opportunities within the family, and the action and reaction within the family regarding the observance of the economic teachings of Islam and the quality of the source of livelihood within the family.

The rule of waste is one of the famous jurisprudential rules in all Muslim Sects and there is a consensus regarding it. One of the most important causes of forced guarantee that is cited is the same rule of loss. The application of the rule of waste indicates that whoever wastes another`s property is a guarantor , and the mistake in the loss is not stated in the appearance of the rule , and on the ofter hand , if the non-financial rights of people are lost , it con not be removed from the rule. Because the appearance of the rule emphasizes the of financial rights. However, one should not pay attention to appearance of the rule, because by using Article 1 of the Civil Liability Law, harming any right that a person has , whether it is property or otherwise , is guaranteed. One of the non-financial human rights is life and health , wiche is respected by the legislator along with other legal rights, including property. Therefore, despite the fact that Physical loss and damage to people is not a matter of financial rights, but according to Article 496 of the Islamic Penal Code, it is a guarantee and responsibility for the person responsible for the damage.

One of the most important issues in the field of medical jurisprudence is the issue of harming a person to his own body, which is called self-harm. Apparently, none of the jurists have doubted the forbiddingness of harming the oneself that leads to the destruction of the self or the amputation of a body part; However, damages less than death and amputation have been disputed and most jurists have considered it impermissibility and others have considered it permissible. Those who say about forbiddingness have provided various proofs for it, but none of them cited the proofs of forbiddingness of squander and waste.
This article answers this question with descriptive analytical method and library information: Is it possible to prove the forbiddingness of self-harm to a lesser amount than suicide and organ amputation by referring to the proofs of the forbiddingness of squander and waste? That is, are the proofs that indicate the forbiddingness of squander and wastage also applicable in the issue of self-harm or not? The findings of this research show that different methods can be imagined to invoke the proofs of forbiddingness of squander and wastage, but the only correct method is to use the method of adjustment of criteria and rational priority, which can state the priority of self-preservation compared to property. Therefore, it is possible to use the proofs of forbiddingness of squander to prove the forbiddingness of self-harm.

The statutes governing the relationship between the lessor and lessee concerning protecting the rights of lessees of commercial properties remain silent in their presupposition of dissipation and detriment. Whereas the legislature has failed to delineate the right to conduct business, trade, and goodwill in the event of loss suffered by a business entity due to accidents or waste caused by the fault of a landlord or third party, henceforth, concerning the aforementioned matter, the prosecutors are not confronted with the principle of the unity of judicial procedure. In order to fill the gap in the legislative-judicial system of Iran, establishing the institution of "real representation" makes it possible to protect property rights in the case of its loss through transferring the rights to the replaced property. The purpose of the ensuing article is to elucidate the legal stance of the real representative entity in safeguarding the rights of the lessee. This article employs a descriptive-analytical methodology that relies on the examination of documents and library data. According to the findings of this study, representation in Iranian law has been established based on personal representation. However instances of real representation can be found in certain jurisprudential and legal documents such as lease agreements, mortgages, endowments, insurances, and the like. The present article undertakes an analysis of the feasibility of achieving real representation in the lessor-lessee relationship. The two fundamental prerequisites for the real representative entity, which safeguards the rights of lessees in the event of commercial premises loss or destruction, as well as contract dissolution, are "the presence of a legitimate right that is subject to decay" and "the ability to transfer the right to the replaced property". These conditions apply to both contractual and legal (compulsory) forms. The aforementioned measure serves to impede the termination of the lease agreement and its resultant consequence, namely, the expulsion of the lessee from the commercial premises.

Planning municipal solid waste is a complex and multifaceted process that requires the serious determination of the responsible agencies and the cooperation of other sectors that are directly and indirectly involved in this matter. Astara is one of the northernmost cities in Iran and the westernmost city of Gilan province, and with its unique environmental characteristics.

In this research, using the descriptive-analytical method, while analyzing the current situation of Astara city waste management, using SWOT analytical model, the weaknesses, strengths, opportunities and threats of waste management in the city The Delphi questionnaire is used;The statistical population includes 30 waste specialists and experts, Managers and executives of waste Agency Which are randomly selected. The reliability coefficient of the questionnaire in Cronbach's alpha statistical method was estimated to be 0.75.

Geographical area of research:

 The includes the city of Astara in Gilan province, which according to 2016 population and housing census had a population of 51579 .

potential capacities that can be exploited to deal with threats. In examining the opportunities and threats of waste management, considering that the sum of weighted points is equal to 1.92 And its value is less than 2.5, so the existing opportunities in the waste management of Astara city have not been used effectively.

The results of the study show that the five stages of waste management in the city of Astara face many structural problems And weaknesses outweigh strengths And the opportunities against threats have not been properly utilized.

In today's world, urban waste management is one of the most important tasks of urban management, which has many implementation problems and costs. Waste collection, disposal and recycling operations are very costly due to the high costs of investing in the creation of a fleet of waste trucks. Also, significant operating costs for workers, drivers, fuel and maintenance have turned municipal waste management into a costly operation. Considering the high costs of urban waste management, small improvements in urban waste management will lead to great savings in waste management costs. The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the efficient and suitable tools to reduce the costs of collecting and managing urban waste. In this article, the indicators and infrastructural requirements of establishing a smart city have been stated. Then, the prerequisites for establishing the Internet of Things for urban waste management in the cases of separation, collection and recycling of urban waste have been introduced. After that, a 5-layer model of Internet of Things deployment has been proposed for urban waste management. At the end of the article, the obstacles to establishing the Internet of Things in cities are briefly discussed.

The world bank estimates that almost 20% of industrial water pollution is caused by textile industry. Chemical dyes have used in dyeing industries once they have good fastness properties, are resistance, and show wide range of color shades. Considering the environmental concerns, these colorants have certain disadvantages such as they are toxic, non-degradable, and carcinogenic. On the other hand, fabric and clothing industries are major sources of environmental pollution especially in developing countries such as Iran. The mass consumption of clothing and also their common methods of design and production have led to increased environmental pollution due to the disposal of vast amounts of non-biodegradable wastes, ultimately faced the country with several problems. As a result, new approaches are going to be developed to renewing the use of scrap and waste materials in clothing production aimed at safeguarding the environment. The use of waste agricultural dyes is also an environmentally friendly alternative, since they are non-carcinogenic, less toxic, biodegradable, and produced by cleaner production processes. The question that arises is whether clothing design and production processes can be improved based on the facilities of the country in accordance with the sustainable development principles. It appears that empowerment of women in sustainable development topics can be an ideal solution for achieving this goal. What support this idea is the women impact on the sustainable source management, social communication, and the country’s education system. The purpose of the current research is to design and produce the women social clothing by using the fabric scraps and agricultural waste dyes. In terms of the type of study and in terms of the practical purpose, the method of present study is a descriptive-survey way and its purpose is an "applied" one. The instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire. In this way, this work was produced four women social clothing by dying the fabrics with chamomile colorant and the peels of pomegranate, walnut, and onion and also by using the fabric scraps. The reflection of this design method was examined among the female students of BA and MA courses in carpet, textile design and printing, art research, and handicrafts industry from the art faculty of Semnan university. A sample size of 102 students was chosen using a simple random sampling. SPSS software was used to analyze the data. The findings obtained from this study showed that women has a positive and important effect on the sustainable development in environmental issues and the increasing women’s awareness and capacities in this context is necessary. This research also indicates that the components of designed garment exception of the body characteristics are accepted by the statistical community. The results also show a positive relationship between the girls' awareness of the principles of sustainable clothing development and their satisfaction with the designs done.

In Iran's legal system, according to Islamic jurisprudence, there are different types of divorce, one of which is khula divorce. Although khula divorce follows the general rules of divorce, it also has special rules; Including the fact that a khula divorce request is only made when a woman hates her husband. In the upcoming research, the authors try to explain the position of "hate" in the khula divorce with a descriptive-analytical method and data collection through the library method and emphasizing the jurisprudential opinions of Imam Khomeini (RA). In this research, the authors found that according to jurisprudence, if a woman does not hate her husband, she cannot request a kula divorce. Also, the woman's hatred towards her husband must be intense, so that if divorce does not occur, the possibility that the woman will not fulfill her duties towards her husband; Therefore, contrary to what is sometimes seen in the proposed cases in family courts, mere reluctance towards the husband cannot be a license for khula divorce. The results of this research specifically help the judges of the family courts in issuing judgments in accordance with the holy Islamic law in the field of khula divorce.

The purpose of this study was to explain the position of sports in ensuring sustainable environmental security. The present study was a qualitative - description (content analysis). It was conducted in the field method. The statistical population included all experts in the field of political science and sports science who were interviewed using 13 snowball sampling based on theoretical saturation. In this study, two strategies have been used to validate the findings. First, the review was done by a research colleague and in the second stage, the peer review strategy was used. Findings of the present study indicated that sport has a role in strengthening the security of environmental sustainability in three categories of literature, technology and promotion. In addition, 15 concepts of using appropriate recycling systems, developing public transportation which is free of fossil pollutants, use of technologies and sports equipment in line with environmental protection, reducing the consumption of renewable energy, use of clean energy in providing cooling, heating and lightening of places, using applications to strengthen sustainability, as well as holding scientific conferences and meetings, ,  introducing sports elites as ambassadors of the environment, promoting sports  eco-friendly, environmental education training, presenting national festivals, directing public opinion through sporting events, using specific environmental symbols, and finally using the philosophy of blending sport and soul sport with the environment, respectively, were the most important functions of sport in the development of sustainable environmental security. Although repetitive and cross-cutting decisions have somewhat diminished the term of environmental crisis, the need to pay double attention to the phenomenon of sports as a popular and low-cost tool can be the key to many of today's environmental issues in Iran.

In the Turkish legal system, civil liability based on fault is the basis of civil liability resulting from a harmful act. According to Article 49 of the Turkish Law of Obligations, in civil liability resulting from a harmful act, liability is essentially a kind of fault, which is the most important element of liability. In addition to this type of liability, no-fault liability is provided in exceptional and special cases. But in the Afghan legal system, the issue is quite different. According to Article 758 of the Civil Code of Afghanistan, civil liability resulting from a harmful act is in principle of the type of liability without fault. However, in addition to the liability without fault, which is derived from Islamic jurisprudence and has been accepted as a principle, the legal institution in its article 760 also accepts the cause or responsibility as an exception. The difference between the views of the two legal systems on fault and civil liability based on fault indicates the efforts of each of them to fill the gap in this type of civil liability system and try to reduce irreparable losses. What is certain is that the difference in the meaning and concept of fault in both legal systems affects the type of acceptance of this institution of civil liability, its legal effects and consequences, and the neighbors of damages. This difference in view of the fault and fault-based liability reflects the need for comparative research, which is addressed in this paper.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the realization of the principles of lean thinking and to present a lean management model for Iran’s education.

The mixed research approach was used. Using purposive sampling method, 122 principals of education regions of West Azerbaijan completed a researcher-made questionnaire made by Pure Principles. In the qualitative part, to achieve the model, the Strauss-Corbin method continued semi-structured interviews with 13 elites until theoretical saturation was achieved.

The findings show that education is based on long-term philosophy but is not forward-looking, services are tailored to the needs of individuals, specialized tasks and work processes are clear, trainees are trained in philosophy Adhere to Islamic education and the document of fundamental change in education. Therefore, the third, sixth, tenth and eleventh principles are researchers and the first and thirteenth principles are relatively established. In the qualitative part, the results of analyzing the data obtained from the interviews around the paradigm model were divided into 23 categories, including: causal causes 5 categories, environmental conditions 5 categories, background factors 4 categories, strategies 4 categories and consequences 3 categories.

Education can not be called "Lean" in the current situation, but in terms of existing capabilities, lean management is applicable in education. In the qualitative section, after analyzing the data obtained from interviews with elites, "value creation through the identification and elimination of maximum waste" was identified as the main phenomenon.

A medium is required to convey a message, and animation is one of the best ways in this regard, especially for children. In Iran, the capacity of animation has been less used for the environmental education. The current study was conducted to investigate the effect of animation  on educating students in terms of the types of waste, duration of the waste decomposition and its impact on the environment. The research population included 70 primary school second grade male students in Isfahan city in the academic year of 2018-2019. The students were divided into treatment and control groups, so  that the treatment group received training using animation and the control group only received regular school instruction. After completing the training cycle, a questionnaire was prepared and distributed between both groups. The reliability of this questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach's alpha (α = 0.89). The results showed that there was a significant difference (p <0.001) between the treatment group  (mean = 11.73) and control group (mean = 5.61). Findings indicated that after the training course using animation, knowledge, attitude and behaviors of students towards the environment were significantly increased. Thus, the impact of animation on the waste management training was positive and significant, showing that the effectiveness of environmental education could be increased using animation.

Man is a voluntary being, and having this quality causes human responsibilities to be borne And if a person is reluctantly influenced by her will, it is not possible to hold her responsible to some extent. Of course, this view is foreseen in the discussion of the general rules of contracts and criminal liability in the laws of Iran and France, but the Iranian legislator has been silent on civil liability law. Scholars of Islamic sciences have addressed this issue in jurisprudential books and disagree on some issues, including the issue of reluctant murder. The Islamic Penal Code legislates the punishment of the reluctant person, but in the legal field, Iranian jurists, in their books on civil liability, briefly refer to the books of jurisprudence and related laws, but a special rule for It has not been predicted. Carefully in the laws of Iran and France, the need to provide separate materials for the issue of reluctance in civil liability of Iran due to the growing importance of civil liability and to prevent disagreement in the judicial process has been felt and the proposed materials have been presented.

The environment is a place for human survival and development, and without a healthy environment, the human soul will not achieve growth and excellence. Unfortunately, in the process of development and industrialization, countries have not paid much attention to environmental protection and in the process of profitable economic and industrial activities, environmental protection has not had an acceptable position. In this context, the issue of waste and waste disposal management has become one of the serious environmental issues. Disposal of waste in the marine and non-marine environment has caused problems such as various diseases and the destruction of some ecosystems such as seas, wetlands and forests. These problems have prompted the international community to use all available means to address them. In this regard, the process of paying attention to environmental pollution caused by waste began in earnest in the 1970s, which led to the ratification of numerous international instruments and the cooperation of international governmental and non-governmental organizations to deal with waste. Governments also sought to work diligently with the international system to develop their domestic laws in this area, given the adverse effects of waste on their economic, social, political and cultural conditions. The method of the present research is descriptive-analytical.

Planning the proper management of waste and considering its harmful effects on the environment in each country is one of the important principles to provide long - term benefits and move on the path of sustainable development. In this regard, waste management is considered as one of the major axes of development in rural areas. Due to the importance of the problem, the present descriptive-analytical study was conducted to identify the factors affecting rural waste management in Shirin Dareh village, Quchan city. The statistical population of this study includes the heads of rural households of Shirin Darreh village (3560) in which 347 were selected applying Cochran formula. The method of Attributive-Survey was applied to collect data. A documentary method is used to examine the record and explain the problem. Furthermore, a survey method was used to collect the data by observation, interview and completion of the questionnaire among the residents. The data were also analyzed using SPSS and LISREL software packages. Exploratory factor analysis was used in order to identify the factors associated with the structure “factor affecting of Rural Waste Management in Shirin Dareh Village”. Besides, confirmatory factor analysis was used to investigate the goodness of fit index of the research model. The results of exploratory factor analysis indicated that ten factors of ultimate disposal management, education and information, cultural, health, knowledge and awareness, inter-sectoral, financial, executive organization, planned and social programs, explains approximately 67.51% of total variance of waste management factors affecting rural areas of Shirin Darreh. The findings of confirmatory factor analysis also showed that those ten mentioned factors, to a large extent, measure the independent and discrete dimensions of "waste management factors affecting" within the study area.

Today, protecting the environment and nature (both urban and rural areas) has become one of    the most important human concerns. Since the beginning of human life, waste production has been an integral part of his life, in various sectors of home, agriculture, health, etc. Population growth, economic growth, increasing urbanization, and essentially a new way of life for humans have changed the pattern of consumption and increased production waste, resulting in numerous environmental problems. Environmental pollution and consequently the risk of rural health and health risks require a proper model of waste management based on existing conditions. Therefore, the management of rural waste is one of the most important issues which requires to be considered. The current study aims to identify the status of rural waste management in Quchan city investigating the factors which affect rural waste management by rural households in order to obtain a realistic picture of rural waste management situation in Quchan city.

Descriptive-analytical method and quantitative method has been applied in current study since it aims to identify of factors affecting of rural waste management. Attributive-Survey is applied to collect data through questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. 40 items were used to assess the factors affecting of rural waste management in the study area. Respondents were asked to rate each item on their scale in a five-point Likert scale for their village. A panel of experts confirmed the content validity of the questionnaire. Pilot study was conducted in the same region with a population of 30 questionnaires and the reliability was 0.832 using Cronbach's alpha formula. The statistical population of the study includes the villages of Shirin Dareh village in Quchan city. According to the census of 1395, there were 15435 people in 4718 households scattered in 30 rural areas. According to the frequency of the villages under study, 10 villages were selected to distribute and complete the questionnaire, which includes 3560 households; thus, using Cochran formula, 347 households were selected as sample size. The study area is divided into two groups (lowland and mountainous) in terms of location and topography, for this purpose, the abundance of villages in these two groups was determined by classified probability sampling. Applying simple sampling, four lowland villages and six mountainous villages were randomly selected. A quota sampling method was used to select the sample size within each village showing that each village was categorized according to a number of households residing.

The findings from ranking the items of rural waste management factors revealed that the first factor of rural waste management in the study area is to separate the origin and not mix wet, dry and special (hazardous) household waste. Exploratory factor analysis was used to categorize "rural waste management problems within the study area" and determine the amount of variance explained by each of the variables in the form of categorized factors.
Based on the results of the research, the significance of Bartlett test at 99% level and the KMO value indicated correlation and the fact that it was proper for the intended variables to perform factor analysis. Eigenvalue criterion was applied to extract the factors considering the factors greater than one. As the findings revealed, generally, ten extracted factors could explain approximately 67.51% of the total variance of the structure (factors affecting of Rural Waste Management in Shirin Dare). In the meantime, the first factor, "Disposal Management", with a specific value of 4.39, has the most variance (19.88%). In order to investigate the structural validity of the questionnaire and the fitting of the measurement pattern related to the structure of "factors affecting of Rural Waste Management in Shirin Dareh Village of Quchan", the collected data were analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis using LISREL software. The obtained fit indices indicate the appropriate fit of the studied model with the observed data. According to the fitted model of rural waste management factors affecting of Shirin Dareh district of Quchan, standardized factor loadings show that the measuring instruments have appropriate structural validity. The results of the significant coefficients indicated that the obtained t values were greater than 1.96 for all the studied variables and the relationships between these variables with the relevant factors have been significant. Accordingly, it can be stated that the factors of final disposal management, education and information, cultural, health, knowledge and awareness, inter-sectoral coordination, financial, executive, lack of planned and social program, to a large extent, measure the independent dimensions of the structure of "factors affecting of Waste management in rural areas of Shirin Dare". These ten factors prioritized from first to tenth, respectively, in explaining factors affecting rural waste management. 

Rural Waste management is an important issue due to the changes in lifestyles, environmental pollutions which endangers the villager health. Achieving an appropriate model of waste management requires identifying and evaluating the existing conditions in the region and analyzing the factors affecting waste management.

The lean concept achieves measurable consequences in the process and work time by reducing or eliminating worthless activities. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to provide a model of lean human resource management for the Council of Tehran. The present research is a developmental-applied objective and is a part of qualitative research. First, by analyzing and interpreting 5 interviews conducted with 5 experts of the Islamic Council of Tehran and line by line reviewing the interviews and integrating the model obtained from the interview and reviewing the literature using the theme analysis method, the Delphi process was completed in four rounds and an agreement was reached after the fourth round. In this study, 24 indicators were identified in 9 main dimensions after evaluating theoretical literature of the research and existing models and Delphi method for lean human resource management model. The results of the research provide a comprehensive model for lean human resource management that can be used by managers and researchers.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the components of lean management and develop an appropriate model of lean management for Iran’s educational system. In this research, a qualitative research method based on grounded theory with Strauss-Corbin model was used and semi-structured interviews with 11 elites were continued by purposeful sampling method until theoretical saturation was achieved. To ensure the validity of the instrument, expert review and to ensure the reliability of the data, the non-participating elite review method was used.The results of data analysis around the paradigm model in 37 Components including: causal causes, 7 Components (introduction and promotion of pure methods, role of experts,…), environmental conditions, 8 Components (position of local educational leaders, compliance with laws and policy makers,…) Context factors, 9 Components (capacity of laws and regulations, compliance The main body of the system,…) strategies, 6 Components (re-engineering in education economics, professional selection,…) and consequences, 7 Components (education excellence, stakeholder satisfaction,…). After analyzing the data, "value creation through identifying and eliminating maximum losses" was identified as the main phenomenon.

Population growth in urban areas, followed by increased waste generation and environmental issues, has increased the need to pay attention to determining the proper landfills of urban waste. Accordingly, the purpose of this research is to locate suitable landfills of the city of Asaluyeh. In this study, a total of 16 criteria were used in three physico-chemical, socio-economic and biological environments. In order to locate landfill site in Asaluyeh, ArcGIS10.3 software was used to extract the information layers and perform the necessary processing and Analytical Hierarchy Analytic Model (AHP) to weigh the criteria using Expert Choice software. Based on the findings of this study, the landfills in the study area can be classified into four classes. At the same time, the perfectly suitable areas for dumping landfills with 3232.74 hectares have the highest priority for landfill dumping, and with 4.82% of the total area covered by the study, priority is given to waste landfill projects. Analysis of the results of the research findings shows that the designated areas for proper disposal of Asaluyeh waste are more in line with the poor and poor pasture land and the maximum distance from residential areas, communication routes, resources Underground water, drains, industrial areas and protection areas and faults in the area.