جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « امام حسین علیه السلام » در نشریات گروه « تاریخ »

Patterning method is one of the most important educational methods. The issue of following exemplar has been paid special attention in Islam. The best people in Islam to set an example are the pure Imams who have been introduced as Imams and exemplars (Arabic: اسوه). ʿĀshūrāʾ (Arabic: عاشوراء) is also the biggest epical event for epical patterning. One of the epic effects of Ashura is Rajaz (رجز, literally tremor, spasm, convulsion as may occur in the behind of a camel when it wants to rise, poetry) which this article deals with the issue of epic patterning from ʿĀshūrāʾ poetry using a descriptive analytical method. This topic consists of two parts of speech and behavioral parts that this article considers the speech section of the Rajaz (poetry) in ʿĀshūrāʾ. It was concluded by examining the sources related to the issue that the most frequent epic poetry in ʿĀshūrāʾ was related to the companions of Imam al-Husayn (PBUH) who were sure of their rightness. The most important Rajaz (epic poetry) is about creating fear in the enemy, introducing themselves and the leader, explaining ideas and expressing purpose and eventuality task which have the ability to pattern in the field of freedom, right-seeking, courage and other epic traits in the effective and lasting form of poetry with a strong rhythm that conveys resistance in defense of Islam and human values for all generations in all ages.

After the death of the Prophet of God, one of the actions of the Muslim Arabs was to invade other lands, for various reasons and purposes, which is mentioned in the works of historians as conquests. Most of the existing accounts of the conquest of the lands have been compiled by historians of the Iraqi School of Journalism in books such as Tarikh Tabari and Fatooha al-Boldan al-Belazori. One of the topics mentioned in these works is the presence of the sons of Ali ibn Abi Talib in the conquests in Gorgan and Tabarestan. Regardless of its accuracy, this news has been repeated in subsequent works to the extent that it has undergone unsubstantiated additions and even a means to destroy the image of Islam and Shia by the opposition. The main issue of this research is the validity of reports based on the presence of Imam Hassan and Hussein in the conquests. It seems that the writers of the first centuries did not pay attention to the accuracy of the reports and it is not clear what their reasons were for publishing the reports. Authors who have repeated this news in the following centuries have also lacked a realistic approach. The present study has paid attention to the reports in the first sources and its reflection in the later works with a descriptive-analytical method and with a critical look.

Wilfred Madelung is one of the most prominent contemporary Shiite orientalists whose works have many scientific and methodological advantages in comparison with other Western Shiite scholars. The first article in "Hussein Ibn Ali" entry in the Iranica Encyclopedia about the life and importance of Imam Hussein in the Shiites was written by him. In this research, Madelung's article has been reviewed and critiqued using descriptive-analytical method. The result is a review of the critique of his report, especially in relation to the use of sources in the narration of events surrounding the peace and burial of Imam Hassan Mojtaba and some of the positions of Imam Hussein. In his article, Madelung did not rely solely on source-based citations, and in many cases provided his own insights and analysis as well.

The importance of validation of the related reports to the infallible Imams is totally obvious especially in the Shiite sources. Examining the validity of the related reports to "Imam Husain" (P.B.U.H.) in the Book "Ithbat al-Wasiyya" (attributed to Mas'udi), which has ignored the documents of most reports, including the section of Imam Husain (P.B.U.H.), is the purpose of this paper to find the same or similar reports in the other historical and the Collections of Tradition. Since validating the reports is not just about their documents, the content of the reports has also considered, though it is not the main purpose of the paper. This study shows that, although the reports of this section is stated without documents, the same or more similar ones are found in other historical and the Collections of Tradition. This book presents a supernatural and historical illustration of the character of Imam Husain (P.B.U.H.). This illustration has followed even in the bloody event of 'Ashura in 61 AH. It seems the author of this book has a keen interest in the contents of the reports, which led to ignoring the documents.

Among the historians and traditionists’ accounts of the event of Ashura, the account of Sheikh Saduq is worth considering because the main part of his accounts of Maqtal are based on the traditions of the infallible Imams, especially Imam Sadiq (AS). After providing a short overview of the scientific life of Sheikh Saduq, the present study ​​reviews and comments on the chain of transmission and content of a long account ascribed to Imam Sadiq concerning Ashura event from beginning to end. Sheikh Saduq narrates this tradition in the thirtieth session of his book "Al- Amali" from Muhammad ibn Omar Baghdadi who quoted it from the book of Abu sa’eed Hasan ibn Osman Ibn Ziyad Tostari. The study of the chain of transmission of this tradition indicates that Shia scholars do not authorize Hasan ibn Osman Ibn Ziyad Tostari from whose book this tradition is quoted . In addition, Sunni authorities accuse him of hadith- forging and ascribing to himself the traditions related by others. However, an analysis of the content of this tradition reveals that this tradition contains some flaws and shortcomings, therefore, it is difficult to ascribe it to Imam Sadiq (AS).This paper also reviews and comments on some other traditions about this event mentioned in the above book.

Contradiction of statistical reports of the historical studies is considered as one of the issues of the history science and particularly historiography. This issue gets a great significance when there exists a plentiful statistical report on an event. Regarding the tragedy of Karbala، it is found numerous statistical reports in different sources. One of these reports is concerned with the number of Imam Hussein’s injuries. According to the author، it has been registered around 14 reports in this regard while their conformity with one another is not easy. In this article، the author tries to achieve a sound statistical report via putting the date of report، taking the reports of injury apart from the reports on the tear of clothes، determining the clothes of Imam in the scene of battle، the comparative investigation of the narrations by Sheikh e-Mofid، Ibn e-A’sam and Kharazmi related to the last moments of Imam Hussein’s life as well as the reconstruction of battle scene relying on the narration by sheikh e- Mofid.

The present study deals with a historical investigation of one of the most important and most famous readings of Ashura incident, i.e. the epic-mythological reading from the Safawid Period up to the Constitutionalism Period (with an emphasis on biographies of martyrs). Accordingly, after stating the meaning of the two terms of epic and myth, as well as the relation between them, the historical background of this approach has been explained here. A historical investigation of this approach, i.e. an analysis of features, backgrounds, and the factors which contributed to the birth and spread of this approach have been studied.

The present study deals with recognizing and introducing the biographies of the martyrs and other writings on the history of the Ashura Event from its beginning up to The Present time in two periods. We dealt with the first period in two preceding issues and argued that the first period has been organized into two parts: The first part presents a list of these biographies from the start up to the 7th century AH; and the second part gives a descriptive account of the writings on the history of The Ashra Event up to the 7th century AH. In this issue, the The Writer presents the rest of the study on the second period. The second period dedicated to biographies and writings from the 8th to the 14th century AH. is also organized into two parts: In the first part, after an introduction, some important writings from the 8th century up to the present age are introduced; and in the second part, the most important writings of the contemporary ages with the important role they have played in presenting spurious and even fictitious accounts about the Ashura Event, have been introduced; they have been called "Distorting Sources" in this paper

The present study deals with identifying and introducing biographies of martyrs and other writings on the history of the Ashura Event from its beginning up to the present time in two periods. The first period has been organized in two parts. The first part presents a list of biographies from beginning up to the 7th century AH; the second part gives a descriptive account of the writings on the history of the Ashra Event up to the 7th century AH. The second period which is dedicated to the biographies and writings of the same kind from the 8th to the 14th century AH. is divided into two parts. In the first part, after an introduction, some important writings from the 8th century up to the present age are identified and introduced; and in the second part, the most important writings of the contemporary ages, with the important role they have played in presenting spurious and even fictitious accounts about the Ashura Event, have been introduced.
As stated in the previous issue of the journal, due to the fact that this study is extensive, it is presented in three sections. The first one (from the beginning up to the 7th century, in two parts) was presented in the previous issue of the journal, and the following section, i.e. the second one, appears in this issue. The third section, related to the second period, will be presented in the next issue