جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « تاریخ یعقوبی » در نشریات گروه « تاریخ »

Tarikh Al-Ya’qubi, written by Ahmad ibn Abi Ya’qub (d. 284 AH), is one of the general histories that has been compiled in a combined method; that is it presents a whole coherent account of a historical event by removing the chain of narrator as well as integrating several records of a same event. There are some factors in Tarikh Al-Ya’qubi that make it necessary to retrieve its resources as well as authentication of its narrations: the removal of the chain of narrator, the inconsistency of some reports with the accounts of other well-known contemporary resources (Al-Tabaqat Al-Kubra by Ibn-Sa’d, Tarikh Khalifa Khayyat Ibn Qutaybah’s, Al-Imamah Wa al Siyasah, etc) as well as subsequent authentic (Al- Fotuh Ibn- A’tham, Al-Isti’ab by Ibn Abd Al-Barr, Sharh Nahj Al- Balaghah by Ibn Abi Al-Hadid, etc) and specifically including unheard and Shiite narrations. The main questions of this research include: What are the sources of Tarikh Al-Ya’qubi? Are they sufficiently credible? And most importantly, what was Al-Ya’qubi’s criteria in authenticating the narrations? According to the research findings, although Al-Ya’qubi’s accounts on The year, month and day of Uthman, The first to pledge allegiance (Talha), etc are valid and in line with other sources, his history -influenced by his Shiite attitudes or other unknown factors- sometimes includes different and rare accounts as allegiance of all people by Ali except three people Quraysh, The role of five representatives of Ansar in allegiance by Ali, etc, the resource of which is not known.

Tarikh Al-Ya’qubi, written by Ahmad ibn Abi Ya’qub (d. 284 AH), is one of the general histories that has been compiled in a combined method; that is it presents a whole coherent account of a historical event by removing the chain of narrators as well as integrating several records of a same event.There are some factors in Tarikh Al-Ya’qubi that make it necessary to retrieve its resources as well as evaluate the authenticity of its narrations: the removal of the chain of narrators, the inconsistency of some reports with the accounts of other well-known contemporary resources (Al-Maghazi, Al-Sirah Al-Nabawiyyah, Al-Tabaqat Al-Kubra, etc.) and specifically including unheard and Shii-like narrations.The main questions of this research include: What are the resources of Tarikh Al-Ya’qubi? Are these resources sufficiently credible? And finally, what was Al-Ya’qubi’s criterion in authenticating the narrations?According to the research findings, although Al-Ya’qubi’s accounts on the role of Imam Ali (as) in the Prophet-led battles of Uhud, Khandaq, Bani Qurayzah, Bani Jazima, Hunayn and the Conquest of Mecca are valid and in line with other resources, his history - influenced by his Shiite attitudes - sometimes includes different and rare accounts, the resource of which is not known.

Despite its guiding nature and mission, the Holy Qur'an has presented a comprehensive plan for history with a special perspective, which includes the philosophy of history and the ultimate historical approach to the formal components and rules of the science of history. The historical framework represented in the Holy Qur'an has influenced the worldview and historiography of Muslim historians in various ways. To recognize such a plan, the author of the present study used a descriptive-analytical method to examine the effect of the historical method of the Qur'an and how this method affected the two works of the oldest historical texts of Islam. The first text was Akhbar al-Tawwal of Abu Hanifa Dinawari and the second one was Tarikh-e Yaqubi (the history of Yaqubi). The results of the study showed that in some areas, Yaqubi has been more influenced by the Qur'anic style than Abu Hanifa. These topics included the use of the structure and Qur'anic terms about the history and the benefits and purposes of historicism, causes of the decline of civilizations, and attention to the impact of the individual and society in the process of events. However, it should be noted that in the section on essential tools in historiography, such as observing the remaining works and, of course, the form and expression of historical events, such as the rule of history in history and the preparation of preliminaries, Abu Hanifa was more influenced by the Qur'an than Yaqubi.  

The present study was based on the descriptive-analytical method based on library resources.

As a world-renowned school, the religion of Islam, in various aspects of human life, has presented a clear plan and program, each of which alone can be the subject of research. In the meantime, the main aim of the present study was to examine the Qur'an's view of history and the issues surrounding it. Despite its guiding nature and mission, the Qur'an has presented a comprehensive plan for history with a special perspective, which includes the philosophy of history and the ultimate historical approach to the formal components and rules of the science of history. The historical design and framework represented in the Qur'an have influenced the worldview and historiography of Muslim historians from various aspects. To recognize such a plan, the present article, in a descriptive-analytical way, sought to examine the impact of the historical method of the Qur'an and how it affected the two works of the oldest historical texts of Islam (i.e. Akhbar al-Tawwal of Abu Hanifa Dinawari and Tarikh-e Yaqubi). An attempt was made to compare the historical influence of the historical methodology of the Qur'an between the two ancient historical monuments of the Islamic world. The main concern that led to the selection of the research topic was divided into two areas: 1) identifying the quality of the historiographical method from the Quran's point of view, and 2) discovering examples of this project in reports and historiography of Dinawari and Yaqoubi and comparing them. Regarding the background of the research, it should be noted that no specific and independent research has been found that specifically examines the reports of Akhbar al-Tawwal or the history of Yaqubi from this perspective. Of course, there are articles about these ancient historical monuments, but the goals and methods of their authors are completely different from the main framework of the present study. The present article has been conducted in a descriptive-analytical way. In the Holy Quran, special terms related to history have been used, which can also be seen in the reports of Dinawari’s Akhbar al-Tawwal: One of the terms that the Quran uses in discussing history is stories as well as Naba. By carefully reading the reports of Abu Hanifa Dinawari in the book Akhbar al-Tawwal and the history of Yaqubi, it can be seen that both have used exactly the Qur'anic terms in discussing history. Of course, Yaqubi used these two terms more than Iwanaifah. Additionally, the main purpose of quoting historical news in the Qur'an was to make people think, intending to learn a lesson, as it has been mentioned many times in the Qur'an. Of course, this issue can also be seen in the book of Akhbar al-Tawwal of Abu Hanifa Dinawari, although Yaqubi has been much more influenced by this issue than Abu Hanifa. Exploration tools in history: One of the tools for paying attention to history is listening. The discussion of hearing the past news in Abu Hanifa's Akhbar al-Tawwal was abundant, however, in this section, too, Yaqoubi has mentioned this in more cases, albeit in the section on the history of Islam. Another tool for exploring history is to take a closer look at the remnants of past civilizations. In Akhbar al-Tawwal, some cases showed Abu Hanifa's attention to the remnants of the past, but in the history of Ya'qubi, no evidence of this has been observed. Forms and forms of expression of historical events in the Quran: One of the characteristics of the type of expression of historical events in the Quran is paying attention to the prominent moral characteristics of the characters. In some of his reports, Dinawari has paid special attention to the moral character of historical figures, but Yaqoubi has referred far more to the moral character of historical figures than to Abu Hanifa. Another characteristic of the historical stories of the Qur'an is that sometimes a story begins, but in the middle of the verses, another story is told and then the continuation of the previous story is followed. This feature is well-visible in the historiography of Abu Hanifa Dinawari, in other words, one of the methods of Abu Hanifa in quoting historical reports is this text. Yaghoubi, however, had not such a method in his historiography. Sometimes the Qur'an begins telling a historical story. This kind of introduction can also be seen in Akhbar al-Tawwal. This method was not observed in Tarikh-e Yaqubi. Causes of the degeneration of civilizations: One of the key factors in the weakness and collapse of civilizations, dynasties, and families is oppression. In this regard, Yaqubi has been far more influenced by the Qur'an than Abu Hanifa. Influenced by the Qur'an, Dinawari pointed to the issue of violence and its role in the downfall of civilizations far more so than Yaqoubi. Also, another reason for the decline of civilizations from the Quran's point of view is the moral corruption of the rulers. Yaqubi has been more influenced by the Qur'an than Abu Hanifa and has repeatedly referred to the moral corruption of historical figures.

The early phases of conquest had a significant impact on the following centuries of the Islamic government. This impact made Muslims pay attention to the conquests. One result was integrating conquest news into historical writings. Because of temporal proximity, the narration of conquests of Iran in third-century historians' books such as Ibn Khayyat, Balādhurī, Dīnawarī, Yaqubi becomes importance. There are various similar and different narratives in these books, especially on the first caliph's conquests. Therefore, the study focuses on the methods that historians of the third century AH used for remaking the narratives of Iran's conquests and its relationship with the historical and political status of Abū Bakr's caliphate. The descriptive-analytical study showed that accepting the dominant Islamic culture, many of the historians tried to make Iran's conquest in line with the saint history of the Islamic Caliphate. However, their place attachment and social status pushed them towards specific considerations on ethnic pride and local and regional rivalries. They resulted in differences in describing details of the conquest narratives.

Ahmad son of Abi Ya'qub Eshaq son of Wazih Ya'qubi Isfahani Mesri, (AH 284), is one of the pioneers and scientists of the “Mawali”. He can be regarded as a teacher and father of Islamic geography and world historiography with rationalistic features. His religious-ideological orientation and extent of scientific mastery in the fields of history, geography, poetry, astronomy and botany and social studies have placed him at the top of the class of Islamic-Shiite scholars.
One of the Precious relics of this historian is a historical book called Yaqubi History. Understanding the method and context of Jacobite historiography for scholars and those interested in the science of historiography - in view of his greatness and status in this field - seems necessary.
The most Important features of Jacobite history could be denoted as, addressing the civilization and cultural aspects of history, his critical look at the narratives, selecting news and removing some of them, a comprehensive look at history and non-limitation in the Islamic period, his scientific humility, writing history in a mixed manner, a look Political independence, non-exclusion of events related to the Shia and the infallible Imams (AS) from history, relative openness and avoidance of praise and exaggeration of the rulers, avoidance of quoting some fictions and myths, and the method of the books theme.

Investigating the heritage of the Islamic historiography requires case studies of Muslim historian`s works in an inductive way so as to be able to show the process and procedure of its appearance, formation, development and finally its stagnancy. The development of Islamic historiography has occurred through the three following stages: the first century, the stage of oral narration; the second one, the stage of collection and writing; and the third century, the stage of compilation and formulation of historical resources of different topics in diverse approaches. Yaqubi who lived in the third century was among the founders of the school of Islamic historiography in the stage of formulating general history of the world with a cultural approach. The basic subject of this paper is to recognize resources of the history of world`s general culture until the third century, which has been used by yaqubi. Moreover, this paper seeks to prove the hypothesis that by pivoting on quran and reling on wisdom, he has firmly taken the first step in presenting the pattern of universal history of culture among the Muslim historians.

Ahmad Ibne Abi Eshagh Ibne Vazeh Yaqoobe Esfahani Mesri (deceased، 805 A. D) can be named the father and the master of Islamic geography and international historiography. His religious tendency and extensive knowledge in history، geography، poetry، astronomy، botany and social sciences has made him one of the outstanding Islamic and Shiite scientists. The evidences gathered in this work apparently for the first time provide for a deep understanding of the less recognized dimensions of his stance on religion and tradition، his status in politics، history، and scientific works. The resignation of Yaqobi dynasty from the centre of eastern Caliphate and their settlement in Africa can be regarded as one of the reasons that the regional historians neglected Yagobi. In his book entitled «History and cities» numerous evidences could be found that he has been an authentic Shiite. In his book «Alboldan» he has referred to some of his own characteristics and own works. Ibne Yonos Mesri، Masodi، and Abu Omar Kendi are the three historians that in tenth century A. D have referred to his works. Hemavi، in the thirteenth century has cited parts of Yaghobi’s works in his unique book “Majmaldaba”.