جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "cultural interaction" در نشریات گروه "تاریخ"

Black slaves were one of the important trade items that have been popular since ancient times and continued more or less after the Islamic conquests. The coasts of the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea were among the important destinations for moving and transferring or settling these slaves, as there are reports of settling black slaves in Basra and Turian village in Qeshm Island. The important issue related to these slaves is the cultural impact they had in their places of residence. In addition to being culturally effective, these slaves also gave their culture to the host communities; Mythology and rituals and music related to it are among the things that have influenced the Persian Gulf region through them. Focusing on this ritual as a historical example, this article has tried to explain the question of what effect did the slave trade have on the cultural interaction of East Africa and the Persian Gulf? The hypothesis indicates that Baba-Zārs and Mama-Zārs, in general, black people changed the culture and rituals of Zār during several stages during the Islamic period. The findings of the research indicate that the mentioned stages were: efforts to adapt the Swahili traditions of Zār with Torah traditions. and the stories of the prophets, giving an Islamic and therapeutic color to the pilgrimage, and finally being influenced by Sufi literature and walls, especially from the Qaderi Sufi order.

During the archeological studies of the Islamic sites of Hamedan Plain in 2019, the Bozenjerd site was investigated by the authors for the first time. One of the important indicators in understanding the cultures of the past is the study and analysis of pottery work in ancient sites, which plays an important role in clarifying the cultural structure of settlement centers. Considering the influence of the pottery traditions of the Hamedan plain and Bozenjerd site, one of the important pottery centers of the Islamic period, this research, has tried to classify, typology, and chronology of the types of glazed pottery of this area. This research has been done by studying the archeological data obtained from the investigations of modern authors. The general goals are to know the local types of pottery in the Bozenjerd site and to identify the cultural centers that influence the tradition of pottery in this Islamic area. The research method is descriptive-analytical and information gathering is done in a documentary way, and also, the field findings of this area have been compared with other areas of the same horizon. The results show similarities between the pottery of Bozanjard, in terms of manufacturing and finishing techniques, with the neighboring sites such as Zolf Abad, Âveh, Aqkand, Soltanieh, Qorveh, Kangavar, Biston, and Borujard, which were located in the most important communication routes of the Hamedan plain. Besides, in terms of technical and artistic characteristics, the most important types of local pottery in this area are sgraffiato glazed vessels and vessels with multi-colored decorations on white glaze.

Transregional relations and interactions between societies have always been an important research topic in archaeology. Southeastern Anatolia and western Iran—the northern and eastern parts of the Fertile Crescent, respectively—had cultural interactions for millennia, with the Zagros–Taurus arc giving rise to shared cultural hubs in certain periods. Meanwhile, the study of Anatolia–Iran relations has so far been mostly influenced by Mesopotamian archaeology, with Mesopotamia always taking center stage. Undoubtedly, especially southern Mesopotamia played a central role in the fourth and third millennia BC, however, the situation was different in the Epipalaeolithic and Neolithic. Adopting a comparative approach, this article examines Anatolia’s transregional relations with western Iran during the Neolithic period, with a focus on Anatolia. It seems that the distribution of Anatolian obsidian generally played a key role in the coming into contact of Near Eastern societies. The discovery of obsidian with Anatolian origins in a great number of Near Eastern archaeological sites, especially those in Iran, suggests the existence of a vast distribution network involving different groups. Although the Iranian sites were inside a contact zone and the obsidian they received was much less than the sites within supply zones, it is certain that obsidian is a very important indicator of the relationships between Neolithic societies and it may have created a wide array of ties. A look at other elements of Neolithic life, such as funeral traditions, pottery, stone tools, and other small finds, reveals that each of the regions in question contributed to an aspect of the evolution of Near Eastern societies.

The introduction of Islam and, subsequently, Islamic culture into the West Asian regions, is one of the key points in the history of Islam. Although Islam entered these areas through political systems, cultural manifestations such as: Religions and doctrines were effective and moving through the transfer and interaction of subcultures that survived the Near Eastern civilizations. In short, Asia Minor or Anatolia benefited not only from the migration of the Turkic peoples, but also from the immigrants they brought with them, and gave rise to great political and cultural dynamics. This research uses authentic library resources based on the documentary research method to study and analyze the process of Islamization in the area of ancient Asia or Anatolia and its subsequent implications for the influence of Shiite thought and teachings in the distance. Anatolian to the east of the Mediterranean Sea, which were the frontier areas of the Muslim world. The results show that the influence of Iranian civilization and culture on the ethnic minorities of Asia Minor and the coexistence of Shi'ism and Sufism in the 8th and 9th centuries A.H / 13th and 14th centuries A.D led to the consolidation of the process of Islamization, as well as to the Sufism. As part of the process of assimilation into Islamic civilization, it is widespread in West Asia.

The archaeological site of Kholah Kouh, due to its special location in urban districts of Takestan town, has been threatened by construction and developing activities. Some parts of the site completely destroyed by construction of mall, residential houses and mosque. Just 3.5 ha of site remained from 7 ha core zone. Takestan Municipality, in the framework of construction programs of 2010 decade, decided to transform this mound to a park and a car parking area. In this regard, Kholah Kouh Salvage Archaeological Project started subsequently in 2014 by various research and administrative goals. Main objectives of excavations were identifying cultural characteristics of occupational periods, protection of site destroying by continuity of archaeological activities, and investigating site’s feasibility to establish an archaeological site museum and tourism cultural landscape in the site. Evidence of a Transitional Chalcolithic / Early Plateau B village from the first half of the fifth millennium BC had been discovered during excavations in the lower accumulations of site. This step of village settlements had significance due to substantial transformations in culture and economy of habitants of Central Plateau of Iran. Hence, the new evidence from Kholah Kouh were evaluated for better understanding of how and scale of these transformations. This paper, at the first, has a glance to the results of excavations. Then, by using the cultural ecology approach, attempts to interpret the finds, emphasising relative and absolute chronology, cultural interactions, herding and agriculture. The results indicate that, Kholah Kouh has local and neighborhood regions traits. The pottery traditions show the cultural homogeneity in Central Plateau during Transitional Chalcolithic. Considerable developments are observable in agricultural activities based on irrigation and expand of exploitation of various products of sheep, goat and cattle during the period under discussion. The archaeobotanicl and paleontological researches indicate the domination of the dry climate in the mid fifth millennium BC which affected human habitats.

The south Makran area is located in south of Sistan & Baluchistan province and includes the cities of Nikshahr & Chabahar. Research done in the Makran region, all are cross-linked to a specific location, and generally are summarized in preliminary report to the Heritage Foundation. However, through the systematic archaeological surveys of the Nikshahr city, the researchers have been identified the pre-historic sites, and also attempted to collect the pottery index, but no specialized study is done yet. On the other hand, we can obtain valuable data in connection with the formation process of human settlements in different periods, with more intensive research in this area. These data, on the one hand, can investigate and determine the relevance and role of this land on the cultural interaction in whole Plateau of Iran, and on the other hand, reconstruct the cultural ties with other Eastern lands, especially with Indus Valley in third millennium BC. Shirazi has been studied this area of Sistan and Baluchistan in an Archaeological survey framework. 44 ancients’ enclosure were found in NIKSHAHR, during this study that indicates the richness of Third millennium BC establishments in this area. The area of southern Makran is located in the south of Sistan and Baluchestan province. This area has been archeologically studied at two steps by Rouhollah Shirazi in accordance with archeological study of Sistan and Balouchestan province. One short study done in 1381 solar year by which some archeological areas were identified, and did once more in 1387-88, 1389 that was comprehensive and regular study by which many archeological areas have been discovered. By sampling taken from bronze age lots in NIKSHAHR, 227 pieces of potteries were found. Due to the variety and number of the samples, and in order to better and more identify potteries of prehistoric period of Makran it was determined that the samples must be studied more carefully. Thus, during this study, the typological comparison of potteries was made, based on a theoretical-comparative study. One of the most fundamental ways to understand the interactions at the prehistory is to study potteries. Hence, the authors firstly are tried to identify the relative chronology of Bronze Age areas in southern Makran and secondly to study the regional and transregional interactions in southern Makran with places like areas across the bank of Halil Rood river, Bampur, Shahr-i Sokhta and settlements of Afghanistan and Pakistan. Then, we studied these samples carefully, and now, we have presented the result of studies in this paper under the title of “Comparative Study of Potteries of Bronze Age in Southern Makran”. According to these studies and analyzing reports and comparing important samples in southern Baluchestan with neighboring areas, we conclude that the southern Makran had expanded regional and transregional relations with areas in south-east of iran like, Bampur, Shahr-i sokhta, Damin, Yahya, Khurab and Rood-i Biaban and areas in Afghanistan like, Mundigak, Gardan Reg, and areas in plain of Kech in Pakistan. Also from the chronological aspect, cultural periods of Bronze Age in southern Makran has the largest overlap with I And IV periods of Bampur. The results of the statistic reports from pottery’s samples of south Makran in the third millennium B.C. shows a vast relation between this area and the banks of HALIL ROOD, Bampur, Shahr-i-Soukhta, and the lots such as Mundigak and Gardan Reg in Afganistan and also some lots in Baluchistan of Pakistan.

In the fourth Millennium BC, as the societies became more complex and with the formation of Uruk culture and the sophisticated social and economic mechanisms behind it, we are confronted with the different forms of cultural, social, political, and economic interactions among societies in the southern and northern Mesopotamia as far as Anatolia and Syria. Despite varied hypothesis, the precise mechanism of Uruk material dispersal and the intercultural impacts or influences in this period are still unknown to us. On the other hand, contemporary with the final phase of the distribution of Uruk period’s material in Syria and Anatolia, another waves of movements with different mechanism were happening in the southern Caucasus and northwestern Iran. Interestingly, between theses waves of movements, in some geographical spots such as eastern Anatolia or western Iran, the interaction or collide of theses traditions are demonstrated. Study and examination of the dissemination mechanism of Uruk culture, and its interaction with Kura-Araxes cultural tradition in theses interaction spheres are the issues that we address in this article.

Southern Baluchistan so-called Mokran is a varied land naturally and geographically. Especial geographic situation of the region as the natural pathway of Indian subcontinent has attracted people from old times and had been mentioned as “Makka” in the cuneiform inscription of Darius the Great in Bisotun. The Mokran district is divided into two main parts includes two cities, as Nikshahr in north and Chābahār in South lying along the northern beach of Oman Sea which has been of the most important cities of Mokran state for a long time commercially. Based on the study of 889 sherds taken from archaeological surveys in Nikshahr and Chābahār under the the supervision of Rouhollah Shirazi, the existing historical settlements indicates the splendor and glory of the region and show the significant presence of Iran in the beaches of Mokran Sea during the Parthian period. This article has analyzed the comparison results of their diagnostics typologically. According to the Statistical analysis reports of this results and comparing them to typical samples in Southern Baluchistan with adjacent regions, it can be said that beaches of southern Makkoran (Iranian Baluchistan) in Parthian period had extensive Cultural communications with adjacent regions over Persian Gulf beaches and Oman sea such as: U.A.E (Ed Dur, Sharjah, Dibba), Oman (Suhar), Hormozgan in southwest and Pakistan in southeast as well.