جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « nahj al-balagha » در نشریات گروه « تاریخ »

Due to the predictions and warnings cited by Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), some of the companions tried to identify instances of "Fitna", i.e. sedition. The question is how Ali ibn Abi Talib (PBUH) introduced and exemplified them to the society. This paper, using a descriptive and analytical approach, demonstrates that he not only explained the nature and essence of sedition, but also provided specific instances to illustrate it. In addition to the incident of Saqifah, he addressed the assassination of Uthman and the consequences of this “major sedition”. He also considered the Battle of Jamal as a "major calamity" and one of the instances of the "Dehima" i.e. sedition. Furthermore, he regarded the rise of the Umayyads as an example of the "Amya-e-mazlameh" or the sedition of blindness and obscurity, describing it as the most terrifying sedition. Additionally, in another sermon, he enumerated the long-term consequences of the Abbasid rule and other seditions.

One of the most important events during the reign of Amir al-Mu'minin was the arbitration (Hakamiyat) event that took place at the end of the Seffin war. It is appropriate to analyze and investigate this event according to various historical components; Examining the influential personalities among the Companions of Imam is one of the most important components; One of those personalities is "Abdullah ibn Abbas". Among the remarkable points about him is that he is the suggested choice of Amir al-Mu'minin (AS) as the judge (arbiter) during the selection of judges. The main question of this research is why he chose this character. The answer to this question is despite some features of Abdullah ibn Abbas's view of the rulership of Amir al-Mu'minin and some of his disagreements with that Imam, as well as doubts such as the accusation of the Imam's favoritism or the way of gathering between Imam's trust and the news about his betrayal in Basra's Bait al-Mal are of special importance in the analysis of the incident of arbitration. This research has been done with the focus of Nahj al-Balagha and using historical sources in a descriptive-analytical way. The claim of this research is that no tribal bias was involved in this choice; Rather, logical and reasonable criteria played a role in this selection. In addition, the news related to Basra's Bait al-Mal has an acceptable justification based on the assumption of authenticity, which does not affect the correctness of the Imam's decision. The result of this research is that despite some differences of opinion between Ibn Abbas and Amir al-Mu'minin, according to the characteristics of Ibn Abbas such as his benefit from Quranic knowledge, social and tribal status, ability in debate, firmness and stability and Trustworthy, he was the worthiest person among the Companions of Imam.

The compiler of Nahj al-Balāgha, Sharif al-Radi (d. 406 AH), rarely mentioned his sources and most of the contents of this literary work are without mentioning the sources. Nevertheless, the efforts of several contemporary researchers have led to the identification of some sources of Nahj al-Balāgha. The seventy-seventh letter has one of the famous phrases and it is the advice of Imam Ali (a.s.) to Ibn Abbas when he was sent to talk with the Khawarij, which is often cited. In the source studies of Nahj al-Balagha, so far, only some sources have has been recognized, which all were written after al-Radi. The present study, while introducing other sources, first deals with the question of what was the source of Suyuti (d. 911 AH) and why did it was challenged by some researchers? This research shows that the Kitāb al-Ṭabaqāt al-Kabīr of Ibn Sa‘d (d. 230 AH) was most likely a direct or indirect source for Radi. Also, while examining the existing editions of the book and its defects, it is clear that the manuscripts of a part of the book have been unknown until now. So, it was not available to previous researchers and has been neglected. Due to the fact that there are doubts about the attribution of this text to Amir al-Mu’minin, this article has paved the way for further investigation of this issue by introducing the source of Letter 77.

Ibn Abi al-Hadid is a commentors of Nahj al-Balagha and an authors of the seventh Hijra century. One of the most important matters in his commentary of Nahj al-Balagha has been known as his toleration with regard to the views of other denominations, this manner of study has made his work a scholarly deep and authoritative. In the paper, the roots of his scholar manner in the work have been brought into consideration and it has been shown that his toleration has led to reasonability of the work to such an extent which no considerable case of prejudice can be found in it. Though some cases of light prejudice may be found in the work, the toleration has made them of no effect. Ibn Abi al-Hadid`s Shiite place of birth in Madaen, his education in Nezamiyya of Baghdad in the presence of different teachers with different religions can be counted as the grounds of such a quality in him. One can meet clearly such a state in his speeches and interaction with the opponents.