جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "توانش ارتباطی" در نشریات گروه "ادبیات و زبان ها"

Since the ultimate purpose of learning a foreign language is being capable of communicating in that language, the concept of interactional competence is of dire importance in teaching and learning a second language. Interactional competence is the ability to use language in different social contexts. Furthermore, as a paralinguistic code, intonation has direct influence on the accent of learner or the so-called foreign accent.

 Literature Review:

 Chomsky (1965) introduces performance versus competence. Hymes (1972) broadens competence to include language use in social situations that he calls communicative competence. According to Kramsch (1986) concepts of addressee and communication context are main factors that differentiate interactional competence from communicative competence. Based on Young (2011), interactional competence includes identity, linguistic and interactional resources. Markee (2008) views interactional competence in three elements, namely, a formal system, a semiotic system and paralinguistic features.  

This article aims at going from linguistic and communicative competence to interactional competence that is both context- and interactants-dependent, in order to study intonation in real conversation. To this end, functions of intonation in German language are introduced and described in the process of reaching interactional competence and maintaining successful communication in this language. 

In teaching a foreign language, we should engage the learners in social and cultural aspects of the language in order to improve and develop their interactional skills and reach near native accent.

Research in Persian grammar books and representing their ways of expression and teaching following new educational theories can open the way for grammar writing and scientific education. The purpose of this research is evaluation the educational prose in Persian grammar books based on its communicative Competence. In this research, the data was collected in the form of a library, which was done by examining 9 Persian grammar books. Data analysis was carried out in a descriptive-analytical way and by designing reviews based on the approach of applied linguistics and teaching instruction. Based on this, the characteristics of each of the basic theories were extracted and numbered as an index so that the findings can be inserted in front of them. According to the findings of the present research: Persian grammar books are written according to the structuralist or formalist descriptive order and in an analogical way. In none of them teaching grammar indicators such as context-oriented, considering form and meaning and function, concept-oriented, task-oriented, production-oriented, and paying attention to speech types, have not been the teaching criteria. In this text, the emphasis is on linguistic knowledge; No communication skills. According to this study, Persian grammar is not written based on the corpus of linguistic data.

Speaking and writing skills, as the components of communicative competence, are the core of learning the language for specific purposes. The intimate connection of students' acceptable academic and professional performance with their productive skills highlights new methods of teaching and learning. To investigate the potential of virtual reality in learning English for Medical Purposes productive skills, this interventional study with control and experimental groups was conducted using a mixed design with a sequential explanatory approach in 16 sessions in flipped classrooms. During the study, in addition to soliciting the participants' attitudes, their progress and performance were assessed. In addition, the participants' perceptions were identified by conducting semi-structured interviews. Quantitative data analysis was performed in a descriptive and inferential manner using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and analysis of variance with repeated measures. Qualitative data analysis was done in a theme-oriented manner. The results showed that the participants considered the concerted practice as an effective way of learning English for Medical Purposes productive skills. Although virtual reality enhanced English for Medical purposes productive skills learning and communicative competence, the multiplayer framework of these games for concerted practice of skills significantly facilitated learning speaking and writing. The participants' favorable attitude towards practicing English for medical purposes through cooperative multiplayer virtual reality can be an example of the successful application of socio-cultural theory in university language learning.

Various research studies have been designed to examine the potential effects of conceptual metaphor awareness-raising activities on the retention, remembrance and production of new vocabulary. While yielding rich harvests, these studies were limited in scope. Therefore, this current mixed-method design study was carried out to investigate the long-term effects of metaphoric concepts awareness-raising activities on EFL learners’ press reading skill and metaphoric competence. Two intact press reading classes were randomly assigned to either experimental (27 students) or control group (24 students) and both were given a metaphoric language test and a teacher-made achievement test to ensure their equality at the outset. During the 15-week-long course, experimental group received conceptual metaphor awareness-raising activities besides the routine materials and practices, whereas control group was given some extra reading comprehension materials. At the end of the research treatment, the two groups were tested again on the same tests. Quantitative data analyses through running two independent samples t-tests revealed statistically significant differences in two groups’ performance on the post-tests. Also, the interview results showed a positive change in the attitude of the participants with regard to such activities. The results which are discussed within cognitive linguistics have implications for classroom teaching practices and material development.

Effective communication can be considered as a social process reflected in lexical chains. In fact, speaking can be considered as a communicative mediator which hinges on the speaker’s linguistic competence, but if the aim of a given dialogue is to have a more effective communication, one should move beyond the speaker’s subliminal intentions. The present study, therefore, tries to examine the influence of “postlocution” as a level beyond communicative competence, and attempts to introduce “brainling” based on brain structures. This model considers language as a tool for behavioral changes and developments, and offers the four concepts of cogling (cognition in language), emoling (emotions in language), cultuling (culture in language), and sensoling (senses in language). The proposed model can be used to portray a different and more comprehensive picture of brain’s macro functions, which is useful for a better and more effective communication. From this perspective, in addition to paying attention to self-oriented language, a dialogue should take other-oriented language into consideration, and individuals should attend to both communicative competence and linguo-therapeutic competence (language for a better life).

The present Study aimed to examine the efficacy of using literary texts in promoting intercultural communication competence, and intercultural awareness and understanding within language teaching contexts. The participants were 50 Iranian undergraduate students of English Literature, 20 male and 30 female, with their ages ranging from 19 to 24 engaged in reading and discussing literary texts with an emphasis on their social and cultural themes and contents. 9 English and 2 Persian short stories were the main material implemented, and these were supplemented by 6 American and 2 Iranian movies with their screenplays adopted from literary works. The themes attended to included racial discrimination, social class, gender roles, and ethnic minorities. Based on Byram’s (1997) proposed model of Intercultural Communication Competence (ICC), five factors of the students’ ICC development, Savoir Comprendre, Savoire Etre, Savoire S’engager, Savoirs and Savoire Apprendre/Faire, were observed throughout a 14-session course. A Content analysis of students’ writing assignments and an examination of how fruitful they found the tasks and materials in enhancing their cultural understanding demonstrated a noticeable involvement of all the studied ICC factors in reading, discussing and contemplating on the literary texts and their cultural content.

Learning a second language means developing communicative capabilities in the actual ‎context of the target language. The identification and application of morphological and ‎syntactical elements are necessary but not sufficient for language learners as they need to ‎comprehend, learn and enact the following competencies that native speakers actually are ‎equipped with: grammatical competence, discourse competence, sociolinguistic competence, and ‎strategic competence. Achieving such an objective requires certain key infrastructures such as ‎defining pedagogical objectives, preparing linguistic framework, identifying and analyzing ‎learners’ errors, preparing the major and supplementary learning materials (particularly, the ‎dictionary), reviewing teaching methodologies, (re)training qualified teachers, and assessing learners. ‎Outlining such key infrastructures, the present paper highlights the importance, roles and ‎interconnectivity of these infrastructures to enhance communicative capabilities in teaching ‎Persian to non-Persian speakers. The study specifically determines that a cohesive plan to ‎develop communicative capabilities and enhance pedagogical outcomes requires the ‎recognition of the interrelationships between different infrastructures; that is, they serve one another as prerequisites and complements.‎

Need analysis (NA) is one the important elements of the curriculum that tries to detect lacks، wants، necessities and the gap between the existing curriculum and developed curriculum. NA is a powerful tool that helps clarify and validate true needs. It enables educators and practitioners to shape the curriculum development that bases the content of language courses on the communication needs. This work analyzes the language lacks of the Arabic language and literature students of Iranian universities. The method of study is survey، and the research tool is questionnaire. The study sample is consisted of two groups of students and teachers. The method of data analysis is quantitative. The main question of this study is: “To what extend do students have problems in language skills” and “To what competence does problems belong?” The results showed that the students'' language skills are above the average difficulty، and they have linguistic problems arising from the lack of communicative competence.

Since the advent of amendatory or revolution in the grammar-translation method in late 19th century, the processes dominating the second language have changed considerably in the western world. In teaching Arabic language to Persian speakers, however, it is often focused on the grammar-translation generally, reading and comprehension and, in fact, lingual ability of the students.In this study, we try to represent an appropriate model named ATN-D in the three areas of language learner, teacher, and style to develop communication ability in terms of needs and challenges using descriptive-analytic method. ATN-D is acronym of four Audio-Lingual Method; Task-based Approach, Notional Functional Syllabus, and Desuggestopedia. We study repetition subject in order to stabilize lingual structures and vocabularies in the Audio-Lingual Method. We investigate forming a natural conversational environment and communication and action aspects in Task-based Approach, and Notional Functional Syllabus, respectively. Finally, suggestion-desuggestion is studied in Desuggestopedia method. The most significant result obtained of applying this theory is that appropriate dialogue-directed way, correct use of grammatical structures, strengthening and suggestion for ability in applying proper expression in special social situations, ability in starting, entering, cooperating and ending a conversation, as well as ability in developing a contact with correcting the conversational process and so on play a considerable role in learning two oral skills (speaking and listening) in Arabic language in order to strength and stabilize the communication ability.

One of the important dialectique in Persian literature is human actions. The poets and the authors express their ideas about human and his position in various styles. The most important in social communications is discourse. humankind show their ideas and wishes even their friendship and the enmity in their talking. This article analyzed The Sadis ideas. The method of this exploration is descriptive analytical Sadi's approaches canbe investigated in two demensions: saying(authenticity of thinking ' and strengthen of humanistic substratum; authenticity of communicative competence and continuity of relations) and (increasing the aknowledge) and inhearing: (evaluation and apprehension) and talking.

Teaching foreign languages has a long, extended history. Ever Since man needed to communicate with other nations, the teaching of a foreign language gained a marked significance. By the end of the 18th century, after the industrial revolution, learning a foreign language and therefore teaching it became even more important. As in teaching a language the main goal is to enable learners to read, write, speak, and comprehend in that language, then studying the factors that have a key role in helping learners and improving their skills becomes more significant than before. Teaching a foreign language is almost impossible if we do not take cultural aspects into consideration. Therefore, we are required to familiarize learners with the culture of the target language community. For this purpose, cinema has been used and referred to as one of the important means for reflecting the culture of the community that speaks a special language.