جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "لاهوتی" در نشریات گروه "ادبیات و زبان ها"

To change the way of expression and develop the meanings and themes of their poems, poets use many and diverse methods, and a group of these methods are called "arts of expression". There are other methods for effective expression and ways of developing meanings that are not specifically and specifically discussed in the topic of literary arts, but they are just like the arts and sometimes more effective in creating effective poetry. These methods are referred to as "meaning cultivation ways". The ways of cultivating meanings and innovation in the way of expression make the literary work come out of monotony and make it accepted by tasteful and interested readers, for this reason, no matter how diverse the speech is, it will be lively and dynamic for the attractive audience. The main goal of this research is to find the ways of developing the content in the poems of the constitutional era.

Study method In this article, which is written in a library method, the methods of developing meanings in the poems of the constitutional era are examined and analyzed.

Among the ways of developing meanings, in the poems of the constitutional period, anecdotes and narratives, descriptions, similes, similes, and satire are used more.

The poets of this period pay a lot of attention to details and nature in their descriptions, and they have used the art of space creation to mention the maximum details and to accurately describe. Constitutional poets turn to allegory and humor to communicate their reform ideas and revolutionary messages and use it as one of the ways of developing meanings.

Political thought is intellectual effort and presenting coherent opinions about politics and political life and trying to answer questions. Political thought always tries to give legitimacy to the government by following the problems and finding their roots and then solve the crises in the society. Abulqasem Lahouti is also one of the intellectuals who, in his poems and writings, points to social issues and realities in the society with political thoughts and reveals the betrayals of the ruling power so that people To make the ignorant aware of the injustices of the rulers of the time. This research tries to achieve the type of knowledge and perception of society and the world around him by sociological analysis of political theological thoughts, based on the theory of "class consciousness" of George Lukács, and to answer this main question. What structures did Lahuti use to express his political thoughts? The background of the research in this matter shows that many researchers do not pay attention to this matter, and the research method in this research is descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method, and fundamental-theoretical based on the purpose. The findings of the research indicate that political theological ideas are formed in the framework of structures such as personality, identity, knowledge (worldview and ideology) and moral values, and these ideas are inspired and influenced by awareness and knowledge. It is his perception of the outside world, which is accompanied by appropriate intellectual reactions and is reflected in his poems. The results of the research also show that theological poems and compositions reflect his political thoughts in the framework of such structures

The data about the eventful life of Abolghasem Lahuti (1264-1366 AH), a contemporary poet of the constitutional era, reflected in Iranian sources are so ambiguous, deficient and contradictory that it is difficult to draw a clear picture of his life. The sources that have described his life have been written mainly after his unfortunate uprising, escape, and absence from Iran; therefore they are not empty of various kinds of rumors and myths. His adventurous life, half of which was in the turbulent years of the constitutional era and World War I in Iran and Turkey, and the other half was beyond the iron walls of the Soviet Union, provided the necessary grounds for storytelling and gossip about him and has made it difficult to obtain accurate information. Therefore, not only what the reporters of his life have narrated about the events of his life is not precise, but also recent researchers of his biography have not been safe from making mistakes in mentioning the events of his life. This study tried to use some documents and sources that have been less considered by researchers in his life, to analyze the content of some of his poems, to criticize the information contained in Iranian sources, to shed some light on the existing ambiguities and contradictions, and to give a more accurate picture of some aspects of his literary and political life.

Contemporary Iranian literature, especially poetry, takes on a different color from the constitutional period onwards, and innovation in the presentation of contemporary poetry is the most important literary achievement of this period, which is the first step on the way to modernity and standing against tradition. It is considered the predecessor of Persian literature. This feature can be examined in the fields of language, form, shape and structure, imagination and thought, and content. This research, with a descriptive-analytical method, examines the axes of innovation in the poetry of Abulqasem Lahouti in the constitutional era, who is one of the pioneers of modernity in this period.The findings of this research indicate that by using new and foreign words in Persian poetry, theology increases the range of Persian words and causes the expansion of Iranian vocabulary; In his translations of some poems of Russian poets, he uses a type of literary prose (prose poetry); By increasing and decreasing the stanzas in the four-part format, he opens a way for the emergence of a new poem, and with the changes he creates in the prosody weight, he writes poems in syllabic weight, and in this way, a new design is created. Standing against previous literary traditions, it takes the path of modernity.

A comparative study of society and its reflection on the political thought of Saadi Yousef and Abolghasem Lahouti from a political and social perspective requires understanding the specific conditions of the society in which these two poets lived. Since the concept of freedom has taken a political color during the constitutional period, this concept appears in Lahouti's poetry as a revolt against oppression and support for the working class and the suffering, and in Saadi Yusuf's poetry as a struggle against empty and false promises. Saadi Yousef and Abolghasem Lahouti have used various literary techniques such as symbol, humor and contradiction, adaptation and guarantee to express the influential social situation in their poetry, for example, to indicate the existence of enemies and colonizers, symbols such as black, red, city and Villages, palms, rivers, etc. have been used, with the difference that in Lahouti poetry, the use of a symbol is more tangible. These two poets have also been able to use other mentioned techniques to have a good impact on the political and social situation of the people of their land and to fight against oppression, exploitation, imperialism, westernization and the invasion of Western foreign culture.

Shekvaieh )Grievance( is one of the subjects of Persian rich poetry that is written in short, medium and long formats, especially in rhymes and sonnets. Many poets have used this literary genre and have spoken of personal or social sufferings. Abolghasem Lahouti is one of the poets of the political and labor literature and a protester in the Constitutional era who has used this poetic method to support the lower classes of society and to criticize tyrant and incompetent rulers. Lahouti's Grievance reflects both the social and political conditions of the constitutional era and his party and political perspective. This article deals with the poetic forms, methods and subjects of Lahoutian scholars by descriptive, analytical and documentary methods. Based on his socialist and political ideas and goals, defended the interests of workers, farmers, the afflicted and the disadvantaged of the various social classes, and strongly criticized domestic tyrants, oppressors, the rich classes, the exploiters, the demons, the religionists, the superstitious beliefs, demagogue and public ignorance.

Iranian society entered a new phase in its history during the constitutional era. During this period, the Iranian society passed through the traditional era and gradually entered the era of modernity. Influenced by the idea of modernity, Iranian intellectuals in this era tried to pave the way for modernizing the Iranian society. Among these intellectuals, Lahouti was also strongly influenced by the phenomenon of modernism. For this purpose, the present article  attempst to answer these important questions: Can the elements of modernity be found in Lahouti's viewpoint? And if found, what elements of modernist thought have entered the mind of Lahouti? Among the poets of the constitutional era, the manifestations of Lahouti's theological contact with the "West" are clear and obvious. Therfore, it is likely that there are significant elements of the phenomenon of modernism in his thought. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical. The research data were collected from Lahouti's poems. The author has tried to criticize and analyze the foundations of modernism in Lahouti's thought.

One way to know the literature of a period is throughout accurate assessment and critical analysis of literary works based on the available realities therein. Persian constitutional poetry as an interface between traditional and modern poetry deserves attention in many aspects. This article aims to review the rhetorical criticism of the constitutional poetry with emphasis on the poems of Mirzadeh Eshqi and Abulqasim Lahouti as two outstanding poets in that era. Contrary to commonly held views, the rhetorical critique is not restricted to the arguments of rhetoric, but rather scholars believe that it should also involve the analysis of stylistic devices or figurative language. Therefore, in this article it was attempted to review some figures of speech such as simile, metaphor, and metonymy as well as the influential stylistic devices used by the two above mentioned poets. Then, those stylistic devices were classified according to the philosophy of their formation and some aesthetic criteria which are often neglected. Literary trope was not analyzed in this paper as imagination is not concerned with making that and synecdoche is not produced by a poet. The result of this study contributed to achieve a better understanding of the two above poets, and it also revealed that despite cliché tendencies of the constitutional poetry, the poets in that era neither abandoned rhetorical devices nor considered them as merely ornamental; but rather, they made use of them to express occurring challenges and problems in society in order to influence their audience and encourage them to bring transformation in community.

Rhyme is one of the musical manifestations of the poem so that if the rhyming rhythm is right and healthy it will remain alive. Therefore, poets spend time on rhyme and give it great importance. From the early centuries of Persian poetry to the present day, many changes have been made in rhymes, and by examining the science of rhyme on the basis of material in the vocabulary and criticism of poetry, one can easily understand the importance of rhyme and its effectiveness in Persian poetry. Rhyming is part of the vocabulary available to any poet and is a word that comes from standard language and has a stylistic role and value. In this study, after examining the poems of four poets of the constitutional era, we examine the musical, artistic and rhyme aspects of rhyme, as well as the interplay and tenure that the poets have made in the rhyme words and provide new manifestations of the art of rhyming. The purpose of this article is to study the musical aspects, artisanship, innovation and artistic effects of rhyme in the poetry of these poets.

The Study of relationship between language use in literary works and power links literary studies to social sciences and linguistics, Because of its high frequency of presentation of political and social subjects in Constitution literature, it has the potentiality to be studied with regard to the ideological language use and the relation of language and power, specially Persian modern poetry which has come to existence with political and social modernism. The first modern poetry was composed by Lâhuti in 1909 named “Vafâ-ye be ʔahd” (Adherence to the Pledge). Applying Fairclough’ three-dimentional model in CDA, this research studies the relation between language use and power in “Vafâ-ye be ʔahd” in the era it is composed. Through explaining linguistic features, i.e. detailed linguistic analysis of the text indicates which discourses are articulated in the text and what relation this articulation has with power relations in the era of composing the text. To this end, Halliday’s SFG is applied in descriptive level and a part of interpretative level; and a part of Laclau and Mouffe’s discourse theory is applied in interpretative level too. The Study of this text shows that the adherence to constitution, feminism, and Islam discourses are articulated in this poetry and this articulation challenges arbitrary political regime and male-dominated social structures and propagates constitutional government and women empowering structures more than past.

AboulqasemLahouti is a pioneer and eminent poet in Persian literature. His poems are like historical narratives which ingeminate what happened to Iran in that period of history for his readers and audiences. He is a capable poet who is aware of his social responsibilities and has realized the significance of poetry and its effect on people's soul and its power to motivate nation and people to face power and despotism; therefore, he has expressed his liberal and reforming thoughts and ideas in the form of beautiful poems and he has invited and called his compatriots to arise and fight against injustice, cruelty and corruption. The current study and research decides to introduce this great, prestigious poet who unfortunately has remained obscure. This article studies and surveys the resistance and revolution in Lahouti's poems in analytical descriptive way and style and also expresses the most dominant and particular theme and content of his poems consisting freedom, criticizing government, colonialism review, complaint about ignorance and neglected people, reminiscence of glorious past and taking inspiration from it. By searching and deliberating in Lahouti's poems we can realize that he is a responsible and poet who motivates bravery and courage among his compatriots to fight against the enemies for the sake of reaching freedom and equality in the battlefield. On the other hand, Lahouti's joint to communist party, his political views, military morale and presence in battlefields are the features which cause Lahouti's poems be promotional (slogan) and full of invitation to insurgence and resistance in more cases.

The poetry of conditional era depends on society and polities. Political issues are so obvious in the poetry of this period that it cannot be ignored. Abolghasem Lahouti (1897-1956) is among those conditional poets whose poems are true Reflection of the Society and of the Political and social context. This issue received little attention، so the present study investigates political and social themes lyrics he reviewed.