جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « معناشناسی » در نشریات گروه « ادبیات و زبان ها »

Cognitive semantics examines meaning by relying on the human mind's information processing and categorizing linguistic concepts. In this method, words and especially letters carry the main meaning. Each main meaning is connected with secondary meanings and creates a radial network. Therefore, the letters in the texts, especially in the Qur'an, gain meaning according to the context. The primary meaning of the letter "ba" in the Holy Quran is attachment, from which other meanings of causation, help, emphasis, confrontation, modification and swearing can be derived. Using a descriptive-analytical method, the present study evaluates the uses and meanings of the letter "ba" in Surah Ma'idah in the Persian translations by Makarem Shirazi, Foladvand, and Elahi-Qomshei. According to the findings of the present research, these translators have focused mostly on the original and common meaning of the letter in the semantic network, i.e., attachment and superiority. The reason for this claim is that, for example, they did not convey the exact meaning regarding emphasis, and in most cases, instead conveying the emphatic meaning, they chose the traditional equivalent of "to", conveying the concept of attachment.

Science" is one of the clear and obvious concepts that every person is aware of to some extent. In fact, one of the best blessings of God for mankind is knowledge. Science is a divine gift by means of which God created man, who attained their superior over other creatures and some people over others. Imam Ali, who is himself a divine scholar and the door of Medina of the knowledge as noted by the Prophet, considers knowledge to be the value of a person . To him, in view of that treasure of divine secrets, whoever who has more knowledge and piety has a higher rank. The noble book of Nahj al-Balagha consists of three parts. First, the sermons, then the letters, and then the wisdoms or aphorisms, which are very important due to their generality and adaptability for all generations. This article has been written in order to understand "science and its epistemological positions" in the precious words of Imam Ali in Nahj al-Balagha. The result of the investigation and analysis in this article showed that according to Nahj al-Balagha, science and knowledge are not the only criteria of excellence; rather,science combined with righteous action leads to human excellence. Besides science and knowledge have a much higher value than material capitals and serves as the spirit of human sciences, whih has an unlimited capacity for acceptance, and which is aesthetically manifested in the words of the Imam.

In the holy Quran, several words have been used for the meaning of perception and knowledge; the verb "šaʕara" as one of them in Persian translations more often is equated with words ‘know’ and ‘understand’; but its more detailed components is the issue of this essay that is devoted to two sections of etymological and contextual study. Etymology based on the methods of historical linguistics and sources of Semitic languages, a comprehensive contextual study of all applications alongside each other, content analysis of verses and use of the anthropological achievements in discourse analysis of Quranic verses are the methods used in this article. Etymological evidences suggest that this word dates back to the ancient Semitic language and is made up of the hypothetical root of the "šʕr" (to divide, break open) in the same language and this root is also derived from the Afro-Asian root (ĉaʕ), meaning "cut" but in the Pre-Islamic Arabic discourse it is influenced by the word šiʕr (poetry) by semantic contamination. Negative application, no application in descriptive phrases, devotion to the perception of hidden affairs are the functional features of the term šaʕara that make the definition of the Qur'anic meaning of šaʕara as a " no-process perception" justifiable. No-process perception entails an increase in the role of imagination and reducing the role of time-consuming rational processes.

Discourse systems are considered important topics in semiotic. These systems play an important role in defining the type of relationships between people and the formation of the power system. The current research has chosen the twenty-third story of the first chapter of Golestan, which was the place of showing the relationship between the powerful and their subordinates, as the subject of investigation. In the first stage, the researcher seeks to identify the discourse systems and factors in this story and finally the role of these factors in the formation of a certain style of life. Since the semiotic values play a role in creating meaning and defining discourse factors, they are also discussed in this research. The results of the present research show that in this story, the actionional regime of discourse is complex and although according to the current situation, it is expected to observe tensive and stative regimes of discourse, but this does not happen. Finally, it became clear that Saadi tried to introduce a new lifestyle in this story by using the solution of changing discourse factors and changing values. An approach of semiotics proposed by Julien Algirdas Grems under the title of Paris school has been used in the analysis of this story. This research was done with a library method and descriptive-analytical method.

In the field of language philosophy, awareness and utilization of innovative methods play a significant role in better understanding the message of a text. One of these methods is proposed by Paul Ricoeur. His method, through the hermeneutic arc, consists of three parts: meaning clarification, understanding, and self-appropriation. Since this model can be effectively applied to the poem "هلکانحبا " and its literary beauty, including poetic imagination and discernment, are showcased in all three parts, this paper employs a descriptive-analytical approach to implement this interpretive model in understanding the aforementioned poem by Badr Shakir Al-Sayyab, a famous Iraqi poet of the 20th century. The aim is to comprehend the central core of the poem (plot) and analyze the imperceptible elements of the text from three different perspectives. The research findings indicate that the poet employs the elements of both stationary and moving natural objects while using fewer static and simplistic words and presenting hidden meanings through metaphors and figures of speech. The results also demonstrate that the poet, by using a question-and-answer style, approaches the poem in a conversational manner, allowing his thoughts to emerge from behind a mask. Accordingly, the customary poetic meters are subordinate to his language. Moreover, human character and emotions are manifest in his poetry, specifically in expressing love and the whispering of romantic songs. Additionally, in Badr Shakir Al-Sayyab's work, social and cultural discourses can also be observed, which are analyzable through the method of reconstruction in structuralism.

The term "Ḥusbānan" in the verse "... wa Yursila ʻalayhā Ḥusbānan min al-Samāʼ…" is one of the words that have different interpretations in Persian and Latin interpretations and translations. Meanings such as punishment, fire, lightning, hail, cold, wind, calamity, etc., have been mentioned for it in interpretations and translations. The present study, using a historical-analytical method, aims to find the reasons for the difference in the meaning of "Ḥusbānan" and employs a modern semantic approach (associative relationships) to present the correct meaning. Examination of lexical sources and interpretations indicates that some differences are based on linguistic foundations and some on narrative ones. The available hadiths have issues in terms of authenticity and convey multiple meanings, making their prioritization challenging. Additionally, lexical sources have not been able to prevent differing viewpoints; the historical trend of interpretations shows that in the early centuries, the meaning and application of "Ḥusbān" were limited, but from the sixth century onwards, they expanded. In this study, by using substitutional relationships, an effort has been made to present a more precise meaning and application.

In this article, the difference between the meaning of the word Alaa and Nemat has been investigated. These two words are used in the Qur'an, but the translators also translated the word "Ala" as "Blessing". If we believe that every word in the Qur'an has its own meaning, there must be a difference in the meaning of these two words. Therefore, to understand the conceptual difference between these two words, we conducted this research. After examining the literal and interpretative meaning of these two words, it is understood that the word "Ala" tells the story of the peak of God's mercy and love, which is one of its examples. From this point of view, "Ala" is a blessing. Also, in blessing, the only consideration is the blessing itself from the material or spiritual aspect, external or internal and [...] But in "ala" in addition to its generality and including all types and examples of "nemat"; It also expresses the attribute of God's power. In the final part, the conceptual commonalities of blessing and blessing with grace, kindness, mercy and grace were pointed out and the difference in meaning of each was explained. This article has been written using library sources and analytical-descriptive method.

The concept of "Shadow" in the Qur'an has a considerable scope in terms of its literal and idiomatic meaning. This word has different meanings in many verses, which have both positive and negative aspects. Therefore, in order to discover and present an image of the position of "Shadow" in the Quran. it is inevitable to know concepts such as interpretation, means of descent and on the other hand synonyms, semantic contradictions,Cohabitation and succession. In such a way that it is necessary to examine the semantic field in the structure of speech by relying on the five axes of rhetoric, synonymy, contrast, coexistence and substitution. And within the context of speech, non-linguistic topics such as interpretation, sources of descent and sometimes knowing the lexical meanings of words should be addressed based on cultures and the opinion of commentators. In this article, with a descriptive-analytical method and considering both linguistic and non-linguistic levels, the semantics of the word "Shadow" is analyzed. The result of the investigation indicates that in the synonymy, the only word that can be found for shadow is the word Fai, the meaning of contrast is semantic, not literal; That is, shadow has several meanings, Like the shadow of heaven in opposition to the shadow of hell or the shadow of mercy in opposition to the shadow of torment. Concepts such as simile, allegory, and irony are also widely used in semantic rhetoric, and the relationships of coexistence and substitution are evident in other verses of the Holy Qur'an.

The knowledge of semantics deals with meaning and its study, and in general, the purpose of this science is to discover the relationship between word and meaning. Among these, context theories and semantic fields are the main and applied theories in this science; Texture theory changes the meaning of words in different situations and the birth of meaning in a variety of applications. This theory is divided into four types: linguistic, emotional, situational and cultural. The theory of semantic fields also deals with a set of words that are semantically related to each other and are in the category of a general and comprehensive title; Like the word "color" which includes all maps such as: red, blue, white, etc. By analyzing the application of these two theories, it is possible to analyze literary works and gain a deep understanding of the intentions and concepts considered by the authors. The present study intends to analyze the poem "Fi Al-Suq Al-Qadim" by Badr Shakir Al-Sayyab from the perspective of these two theories and through them to reach the semantic layers and concepts hidden in this poem. Therefore, the questions that we will answer in this article are:How can the combination of two theories of context and semantic fields lead to the opening of the meanings hidden in the poem "In the Old Market"?What are the concepts derived from the processing of context theory and semantic fields in the poem?The difference between this article and the research that has been done so far is that this research combines two theories to extract meaning and study the concepts in the poem in order to achieve a comprehensive analysis of the poet's menus and emotions. Examining the words one by one and their relationship with each other in the form of lexical links, as well as analyzing their meanings in different combinations in the sentence, will help to objectify the concepts hidden in the depth of the text.

In this article, an attempt is made to examine the concepts desired by the poet as well as the mechanisms of their reflection through semantic fields and context theory. It is worth mentioning that in the analysis of this poem, the relationship between words is first studied in the framework of semantic field theory, then the relationship between the same words and the reason for their use is discussed through the context and general space of the poem. The concepts that are examined in this article from the perspective of context theory and semantic fields are: the emergence of pervasive grief, hatred of aggression and mental confusion, mental loss and confusion of thought, eagerness to return home, fascination and respect. Homeland, the constant feeling of homesickness.

The findings of the study of the poem "In the Old Market" show that by applying the two theories of context and semantic fields, it is possible to read different literary works and obtain hidden layers of their meanings. Together with each other and by expanding the analysis of a literary text and presenting other aspects of the hidden meanings, these two theories provide a new manifestation of the discovery of the content of literary texts, and this makes It can be considered an approach to enjoy more reading a text. By examining the propositions and words analyzed by semantic contexts and fields, the presence and emergence of new concepts was realized; The use of words with different semantic domains and their classification based on the type of emotion, mood and also based on the language and structure of the text, leads to concepts such as bewilderment, homelessness, incompatibility with groups of people and life in between. They and the occurrence of unlimited grief resulting from these matters, because the words and their use due to the linguistic context of the text, indicate the inflexible personality and the poet's dependence on the former homeland; However, in the midst of all the misery and hardship, an window of enlightenment and hope has appeared, and that is the desire to return to the homeland again, and this is due to the fascination with the motherland and the creation of belonging from the same interest that the thought of returning. It is full of color in its institution; Therefore, from all the above statements, it was concluded that the holes of light and illumination should be sought in the heart of darkness, and the two terms "belonging" and "possibility of resurrection" cause hope to survive in the midst of spiritual hardships and bad conditions. It is external.

To do a proper translation, the meaning of the words that are the components of the sentence must be carefully explored. Therefore, it is necessary for the translator to use the knowledge of semantics to obtain the meaning of words. One of the semantic methods is dedicated to Izutsu theory, which is used in the field of Quranic vocabulary. In order to extract the meaning of words, Izutsu deals with the meaning of the word in pre-Islamic poetry and, with a semantic look, turns to textual definition, word substitution, contrasting words, semantic field, negative form of words, synonymy of expressions and usage in nonreligious context. This research, with the method of descriptive analysis, semantically examines the word " Doubt" using the first 4 methods of Izutsu. Through this research, it became clear that the word "rib" was used in preIslamic poetry, along with sequences such as "menun", "events", "time" and "eternity" meaning hard events, death, unpleasant events, and so on. But in the Qur'an, the phrase "Rib al-Munoon" appears only once. In religious and doctrinal concepts, the word rib has uses in the Qur'an, the true meaning of which is doubt through enmity and hatred. Therefore, in order to fully transfer the semantic units to the target language, a "descriptive" sequence has been proposed for it.

the "prayer" have been used 182 times in the verses of the Holy Quran. This study intends to explain the concept of prayer and extract its semantic components from the Quran with a semantic approach. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to understand the root meaning of (prayer) in the Qur'an. After reviewing the verses including the root of the prayer and its derivatives, the prayer companions are further divided into three categories. Interfaith Companions: Coming, Hearing, Accepting, Believing, Guiding, Putting, Surrender, Conflicting Companions: Shirk, Disbelief, Misguidance and Loss and Complementary Companions: Allah, the Rabbit, the Apostle and the Human. By examining the companion vocabulary of prayer, the root substitutes for prayer and its derivatives are as follows: speech , Security, Science, Guidance , Compliance, Come , Disbelief and Providence . Finally, in order to reach the semantic components of the word prayer, we will examine the vocabulary companions of the word prayer and the companions of the word prayer, and the semantic components will be: speech, faith, science, guidance, coming, disbelief, grace, Wanting, hearing, sinking, adherence, truthfulness, Wisdom , scripture and endurance.

Semantics is a structuralist method for studying the exact meaning of the words in the language system, in this knowledge the semantic domains of words are determined by examination of companions and substitutes in the text. This knowledge plays a major role in examining Quranic words and discovering their hidden layers of meaning, researchers in etymology and semantics have turned to this knowledge. The present article intends to study the word Zakkoum In the Holy Quran with a semantic approach based on the axes of companionship and substitution in a descriptive-analytical method in order to extract its semantic components. The word Zakkoum is mentioned three times in the Holy Quran. It has a negative connotation and illustrates a severe torment and an ominous end, therefore it dedicated to the torment and inmates of Hell.In the research it is specified that the words “Tree, Treial, Hospitality, Hell, Food, Speathe, Eat, Boiling water” have a complementary and intensifying companion relationship with the word Zakkoum. The word tree is the most frequent companion of the word Zakkoum that plays an important role in determining the substitute. Words Zakkoum relationship in the axis of substitution includes the words “Corrupt and Cursed” and the concepts, food, experiment, means of hospitality, allocation to inmates of hell, fire, torment, Rejected from mercy, corruption and impurity are the components of Zakkoum based on the semantic approach.It is the semantic core of Zakkoum (The torment of the hellishs) around which the other components revolve.

One of the semantic methods is Izutsu theory, which is used in the field of Quranic vocabulary. In order to extract the meaning of words, Izutsu pays attention to semantic development by looking at the meaning of words in Jahili poetry and identifies focal, key and secondary words. Then he identifies the meaning of the words with seven methods. (contextual definition, replacement of words, opposite words, semantic field, negative form of words, synonyms of expressions and usage in non-religious context) This research, after identifying the type of vocabulary, has analyzed the effect of each word in the semantic field with a descriptive-analytical method. Then, the semantics of the words Za'am ", "Meryat" and "Rayb" have been done using the implementable parts of Izutsu's theory. Through this research, it was determined that the words Za'am ", "Meryat" and "Rayb" were used in Jahili poetry, but in Quranic usage, they have the basic meaning of "false belief", "stubborn doubt" and "obstinate doubt" respectively

As an effective instrument in functional linguistics for examining the factors affecting the inference of meanings, situational context probes the relationship of words and sentences to instances outside the language system. The study of this context leads to an understanding of the meanings of literary techniques, including epithets. epithets are the artistic use of adjectives in the speech that has different meanings in the context of literary speech. With a descriptive-analytical method and the American school of comparative literature, the study seeks to analyze the semantics of epithets in the poetry of Hafez Mousavi (1954), the contemporary Iranian poet, and Wadī‛ Sa‛ādah (1948), according to Halliday’s Functional Linguistics. The results showed that the meanings of the epithets in two poets’ poetry could be divided into two categories-- dark and light. The frequency of dark epithets was higher than light ones due to the depiction of social issues. However, there is often a glimmer of hope throughout their poetry. Narrativity and appropriate verbs are the most prominent features of the stylistic epithets in the two poets’ poetry. The poets’ choices as the prominent participants in the clauses caused their direct presence in the poetry space. The Notification mood is frequent in the clauses, inducing the concept of probability and commonality in the form of the dependency aspect element because the two poets choose epithets as an arena to express their biographies and societies.

Semantics is a science that examines the relationship between words and meaning. This science is used to discover the meanings in words and sentences in different ways; Therefore, it is necessary for new linguists to use the science of semantics to discover the secrets of the divine verses, which need interpretation and explanation. God Almighty has expressed many hidden meanings by using metaphors. Metaphor is one of the tools that urgently needs semantics. The use of these metaphors is not only aesthetic, but they are adopted to express something. The present study aims to integrate "semantics" and "metaphor" in the verses of parts 21-25 of the Holy Quran, so that we can understand the meanings hidden in the metaphors and images in them.From the results, it can be seen that all types of metaphors are used in these components, such as subjunctive, main, subjunctive, and allegorical metaphors. Allegorical metaphors are the most used in these parts, and each of the metaphors used has its own meaning, which are: exaggeration and emphasis, embodying and creating an image, clarifying the meaning. Almighty God has generally used metaphors in these parts to explain the problems of the hereafter and the state of disbelievers.Semantics is a science that examines the relationship between words and meaning. This science is used to discover the meanings in words and sentences in different ways; Therefore, it is necessary for new linguists to use the science of semantics to discover the secrets of the divine verses, which need interpretation and explanation. God Almighty has expressed many hidden meanings by using metaphors. Metaphor is one of the tools that urgently needs semantics. The use of these metaphors is not only aesthetic, but they are adopted to express something. The present study aims to integrate "semantics" and "metaphor" in the verses of parts 21-25 of the Holy Quran, so that we can understand the meanings hidden in the metaphors and images in them.From the results, it can be seen that all types of metaphors are used in these components, such as subjunctive, main, subjunctive, and allegorical metaphors. Allegorical metaphors are the most used in these parts, and each of the metaphors used has its own meaning, which are: exaggeration and emphasis, embodying and creating an image, clarifying the meaning. Almighty God has generally used metaphors in these parts to explain the problems of the hereafter and the state of disbelievers.

One of the vague words of Shāh-nāma is the word "Karimān", which is mentioned in Shāh-nāma as Rostam's ancestor. Contemporary scholars, influenced by Mo'in, considered the meaning of "Karimān" is the plural of the word "Karim", and lexicographers, epic poets, and linguists called it a special name, but they could not express the etymology of the word.Using Diachronic Etymology and Comparative Linguistics, this paper examines the historical forms of the word (Kār-framān, Kahrumān and Qahramân) in comparison with similar cases in official sources and folklore literature in Persian, Turkish, Kurdish and Arabic. The old form of the word, " Kār-framân", in the official usage meant agent in the court in matters such as treasury and in military usage, meant the king's appointment in of the military department. For this reason, this title has been attributed to Sistani heroes, and in particular, to Rostam's ancestor. The implicit meaning of courage is also derived from the military usage of the word, used in the Arabicized form of the word ("Qahramân"). Ferdowsi also mentioned the form of the special name of this word as the name of Rostam ancestor, and changed "Kahrumān" to "Karimān" in order to rhyme with Narimān. The reconstruction of the story of this character in the cycle of Sistani epics, clarified his relationship with "Hüšang-Shāh", who in Sistani sources was the third king of Iran. Therefore, the problem of Karimān's attribution to Hüšang was also solved and it became clear why he was named the third king of Iran.

The simultaneity approach of semantics is an attempt to represent the vocabulary of Quranic concepts. Because words in the Qur'an reveal their true meaning from the sum of intertextual connections in the form of a semantic network. The purpose of this article is to first examine the root of the word "taqah" in the word and its uses in the Qur'an. After that, the adjacent and mutual concepts of the taqah material will be studied. The approach of selecting cognate concepts is among words that have a semantic affinity with the word taqe. The search of Quranic data showed that words such as; Mobtilikam, Tohmalna, Asra', Bakhlo, Vasa and Iklof are the primary companions of the subject of taqah, which share the semantic components of suffering, hardship and difficulty. In the secondary stage, each of these 6 words, which had a semantic affinity with taqah, have been paired with words in some verses that are included in the semantic components of zakat. Then, by using the component of semantic contrast, the explanation of the four articles Yasir, Abbreviation, Rafq and Hun was discussed and the result of the concepts of these 4 articles is ease, comfort and lightness, which, while contrasting with the meaning of difficulty and difficulty in strength, ensures the involvement of the mentioned restrictions in addition to Ability will mean endurance. It should be noted that this article was written using library resources and descriptive-analytical method.