جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « abnormality » در نشریات گروه « ادبیات و زبان ها »

Emotion is a reaction that human beings show to their inner and environmental experiences, and poetry begins with the domination of emotion and feeling over the poet's soul, and this element reflects how the poet reacts to events. Due to the quality of the poet's attitude to the outside world and the events, emotion is the inner and spiritual feeling and background of the poem. Although the emotional stimulus of the artist depends on environmental and external factors, they are more dependent on the inside of the poet and have a direct relationship with the poet's inner feelings. Art is the arena to transfer emotion and it seems that it can be viewed from different dimensions due to the emotional range and importance of poem. Emotion is the most important element of poetry to which other elements should serve. The relationship between emotion and image, language, music, and atmosphere of the poem needs to be considered. The present study investigated the element of emotion in 60 lyric poems of Amir Khosro's lyric poems and showed the advantages and prominence of this element from different dimensions of these lyric poems. The results of this study were obtained based on bibliographic studies and descriptive-analytical method.

The structure of the language of the Holy Quran is different from the language of other texts in ays and is considered as a standard of the Arabic language. Various factors have made the language of the Quran effective, meaningful and purposeful. This linguistic feature can be observed and proved from different angles. One of these unique features is the feature of purposeful highlighting and highlighting.Which is both in terms of structure and content. Jeffrey Leach's theory was adopted as one of the leading theories in the field of textual highlighting in Surah Qamar. due to its special content and message, full of aberrations and regularities. The result of this research, which was done in a descriptive-analytical manner, was that highlighting in the method of abnormalities and various regularities in order to convey the message to the audience has been widely used in Surah Qamar. In the meantime, syntactic, semantic and lexical aberrations have occurred in it more than other types of abnormalities.

The goal of poetry and art is to try to penetrate the conscience of the audience and convey emotions. The constitutional era, with factors such as communication with the western world, travelogues, the establishment of new schools, the translation of western works and the press, and the creation of fundamental changes in the entire structure of society, transformed the literature of the Qajar period. Therefore, the poets of this period spoke to the people of the social classes with the language of poetry, which is full of artistic techniques, as required by the political and social conditions of the society. This research has stated in a descriptive-analytical and library method that the rule of thumb and the rule of thumb are the two basic elements of norm avoidance and artistic tricks. These artistic techniques are examined in the poetry of constitutional poets (Iraj Mirza and Mirzadeh Eshghi). The results showed that although poets claim modernity and modernity in literature, especially poetry; But old-fashionedness can still be seen in their works. Syntax deviation in the field of grammar, the use of old words contrary to the standard language of the constitutional period and the construction of infinitives and combinations contrary to the rules of Persian grammar can also be seen in the poetry of this period, which is more manifested in the poems of Mirzadeh Eshghi.

Poets innovate in fixed and repetitive images by using a variety of linguistic methods, distancing their language from vulgarity. In formalist critique, linguistic and semantic aberrations are among the main methods of literati to turn words away from vulgarity and common linguistic habits and are thematic tricks. In his works, especially Layla & Majnun, Amir Khosrow Dehlavi has prevented verbal vulgarity with purposeful and conscious aberrations and has created an innovative poem with new themes. Thus, this descriptive-analytical paper investigated the main differentiating techniques of Amir Khosrow to escape from the rules and conventional relations of everyday language in the Layla & Majnun. The research results show that the main manifestations of abnormality in this work are: "simile", "metaphor", "personification" and "irony". With the help of simile, the poet, by creating a conscious instability in the meaning of the signs, has increased the dynamics of linguistic signs in his poems and has drawn his own independent literary policy towards Nezami Ganjavi. Also, through the use of metaphor and personification, referential and explicit meanings of words have been discredited and new literary meanings have been replaced. In addition, Amir Khosrow has often used the irony which has been effective in reducing literary creativity and the role of the audience in reading the text and his position in the process of discovering abnormal relationships.

The study of the works of poets and writers based on literary theories has paved the way for the study of various aspects of literature, and this is how theories are applied in the works. Such studies and their application in different languages and literatures are a good field to make these theories more tangible and objective. Linguistic metaphysics is one of the new theories of literary criticism that has been articulated within the school of Russian formalism. Yusuf al-Khal and Ahmad Shamloo are two other great and almost contemporary poets in Arabic and Persian literature who have used abnormalities and de-familiarization in their poems. Vocabulary aberration (creating a new word that is an evasion of syntactic rules And the meaning changes the appearance of words and phrases and makes the poem seemingly abnormal in this article. And while showing the written aberrations, at the end, the poet's use of abnormalities is depicted in the form of a diagram.

Mystics to express their mystical experiences and teachings, chose a kind of expression called "mystical language". This language was used to explain and transmit mystical teachings and rituals and is divided into different categories. One of the most famous of them is its division into phrase language and sign language. The phrase language has been used to express mystical teachings and the sign language has been used to express mystical experiences. The basic element in the language of expression is mystical terms and in sign language, mystery, symbol, metaphor and…. Metaphor is one of the most important elements in sign language and plays an important role in expressing the deepest and most complex mystical perceptions in the form of sign language. Metaphor has different branches one of the most important and effective of them is abnormal metaphors. Among the abnormal metaphors, words that have a favorable place among the people like mosque, school and … sometimes used in a negative sense and words like wine, butler, lover and … which have a negative and distasteful meaning among the people of Sharia as well as public, are used in mystical poems with desirable and positive semantic application. This kind of use of words has faced different reactions due to its opposition to the custom of the people in different periods of time and sometimes because of this, some people have opposed the people of knowledge. This research studies important mystical texts in which abnormal metaphors are used and also investigate the roots and factors of the abnormal metaphors formation in the sign language based on documentary and library studies and in this way, tries to provide a ground for the correct understanding of the meanings of mystical texts. One of the most important findings of this study is that spread of malamatieye thinking in the field of Persian mystical poetry, Prevalence of poems describing the beloved in Samaa Meetings and the preference of the relative meaning of words over the original meaning are the most important factors and roots in the formation of abnormal metaphors in Persian mystical poetry.

The school of postmodernism became popular in Iran in the 1970s through the translation of Western works and the travel of poets and writers to Western countries. Unlike modernism, this school tended to go back in time and borrow from myths and antiquity. The works of this school have important differences with other literary schools and are often ambiguous and complex. Reza Braheni and Seyed Mehdi Mousavi are two poets of this type of poetry, whose poems have been studied aesthetically in this study. Braheni himself is one of the theorists of postmodernist poetry and in his poems the components of postmodernism can be seen more. . The postmodern components in the poems of these two poets include such things as: white writing, semantic avoidance, frequent repetitions, lexical and grammatical aberration, familiarization, but the way these elements are used is different. Braheni's poems are in the form of Nimai and have postmodern elements in terms of image and writing; But Mousavi has written more in the form of classical poetry with the same stanzas of poetry.

Plot in old literary works basically differs from recent samples in literature. Plot in old literary works enjoys different order and logic difficult to be integrated in the frame work of cause and effect. There are sometimes abnormalities in the typical structure of these stories compared with the old stories which have abnormalities due to weak plot structure leading to ambiguities.One of the old stories in which abnormalities caused ambiguities is Vis-o-Ramin. This paper tries to investigate its abnormality and make an attempt to reveal its lack of harmonious structure.

Despite the passage of 9 centuries of elaborative metaphor mentioning in Persian rhetoric, the antecedents’ sayings already look repetitive and it is considered as one of metaphor tools in the most up-to-date points of view. Criticizing the reports of experts and analyzing 13 different structures, a new research has been carried out in present essay. It finally ends with its aesthetic applications.