جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « anger » در نشریات گروه « ادبیات و زبان ها »

The prominent Austrian psychologist, Alfred Adler, by using a method in individualistic psychology based on paying attention to internal aspects such as anger and feelings of inferiority, contrary to Freud, who considered human actions to be the result of instinct, stated that human actions and behavior are the result of circumstances is social; Among the contemporary poets, Akhavan Sales is one of the artists whose anger can be seen in his thoughts and poems. The main goal of this research is to examine Alfred Adler"s individualistic theory and the component of anger in his opinion in the poems of the Akhavan Sales as one of the prominent poets of contemporary Iranian literature, whose protest and anger feature prominently in his poems.

In this research, we have used the descriptive-analytical method based on library studies. The examined samples were systematically and purposefully selected randomly from the collection of Mahdi Akhavan Sales poems.

The social environment, the surrounding world and human relationships with others can cause negative feedback and anger in a person according to Alfred Adler"s individualistic theory; The perspective of the research shows that anger is one of the important behavioral characteristics of Mahdi Akhavan Sales in his poems, which is the result of his protest against the anomalies and suffocation in the society.

Factors such as the poet"s introverted mood, emotional failure in his youth, going to prison, the coup d"état on August 28, restricting freedom of expression and political suppression, the dispersion of friends, unemployment, and the death of a child are among the factors involved and effective in expressing anger, violence, and aggression of the Akhavan Sales. It is among his compositions.

As the first psychologist to propose the idea of the unconscious, Sigmund Freud mentions a process called "fantasy" whose function is to resolve or moderate internal conflicts. Phantasies whose origin is the desires stored in the unconscious and their main function is to provide abstract conditions for the mental satisfaction of these desires and wishes. That is, a person who is unable to fulfill his desires in reality creates conditions to satisfy his desires during dreaming. The same trick that Tata, the main character of the novel "BanouGavazn(Mrs. Deer)" uses to vent her anger. The novel "Banou Gavazn (Mrs. Deer)" is one of the contemporary fiction works that attracted the attention of readers and critics after its publication. A narrative whose main axis is the fantasy of the main character in the mind and the effects of this type of fantasy in real life. Considering the success of this novel among the audience as well as the author's special view on the concept of psychological fantasy in the design of the narrative, in this article, through the analytical-descriptive method, an attempt will be made to investigate the origins of the tendency towards fantasy in the main character and the characteristics of this fantasy. The results show that the anger resulting from Tata's troubled past, along with the anger from the conditions of unwanted pregnancy, causes her to settle accounts with the culprits of her life conditions by using the symbolic characteristics of the deer such as anger, agility, cruelty and masculinity. A destructive anger that ultimately has negative effects on "Tata" herself.

Metaphor is one of the most important tools for transferring language from its real usage. On the other hand, today metaphor in the west is no longer specific to poetry and literature and tool for adoring the word; rather, metaphors have entered the realm of thought and cognitions and have been used from different perspectives in many sciences. In the field of poetry, the use of metaphor in human emotions has always been considered; because human emotions have always been used as a source of origin in the metaphorical structuring of various concepts in most languages and take advantage of the cultural patterns of each language. Khaghani is one of the most creative Persian-speaking poets who use novel and fresh metaphors. The purpose of this article is to study the frequency of usage of conceptual writings in Khaghani’s poetry with a permissible conceptual approach or conceptual metaphor and to analyze the data of Khaghani's poetry. In fact, the three domains of origin “change of state” “change of gaze” and “impatience” can be included in one domain of physical change. Finally, the field of origin “anger is in line” and “anger is outrage” are the most frequent field of origin for conceptualizing anger in Khaghani’s Divan.

Cultural conceptualizations express the manner of thought and ideology of a society to these phenomena. The study of the cultural conceptualizations helps to solve cultural misunderstandings and facilitate the cross-cultural understanding. The Cultural conceptualizations of anger using the words of the body organs and the elements of nature and the cultural origins of conceptualizations have been studied in Bakhtiyari Dialect of Zazomahroo Region. Research method is descriptive-analytical one. Due to rural and nomadic lifestyle of people, the words related to natural phenomena and the elements of nature are used as a basis for cultural conceptualizations. Some of the cultural conceptualizations are expressed through using the words related to the body organs. Statistical population is 700 expressions, proverbs and phrases related to angry. Data were obtained by field study, interviewing and observations. The analyses of the data showed the origins of the cultural conceptualizations in rural and nomadic people’s lifestyle, beliefs, ideologies, imaginations, and the physiological effect of feelings and emotions of anger on human body. This lifestyle makes people have a direct contact to the nature; therefore, they use the impious and destructive aspects of natural phenomena as a concrete domain to express the abstract notion of anger. They use their beliefs and imaginations about the effects of anger on the body organs to express the cultural conceptualizations. cultural conceptualizations of anger as “fire, heat, force, flood, snow slide, and lightning” come from the inspiration of natural phenomena and  rural and nomadic lifestyle.

This study, Based on the theoretical foundations of the emotion of anger in psychology examines it in the proverbs of Dehkhoda. To achieve this goal, he used the method of "inferential content analysis" and, sample of research is a four-volume book such as Dehkhoda’s Amsalohkam The first, research data are described in the three discussions of manifestation of anger, reasons, and ways to control it in the above work. Then, Examining the content of parables shows the comprehensiveness of the discussion of anger in comparison with its topics in psychology, and the study of literary language shows that language serves the content and at the same time seeks to explain the subject of anger and its management strategies.Keywords: proverbs, Dehkhoda, Psychology, Excitement, Anger.This study, Based on the theoretical foundations of the emotion of anger in psychology examines it in the proverbs of Dehkhoda. To achieve this goal, he used the method of "inferential content analysis" and, sample of research is a four-volume book such as Dehkhoda’s Amsalohkam The first, research data are described in the three discussions of manifestation of anger, reasons, and ways to control it in the above work. Then, Examining the content of parables shows the comprehensiveness of the discussion of anger in comparison with its topics in psychology, and the study of literary language shows that language serves the content and at the same time seeks to explain the subject of anger and its management strategies.

Metaphor is an integral part of the thought process in humans, and anger is also one of the most powerful emotions in humans that has many positive and negative consequences. Molavi, a thoughtful poet with good taste and expression, explains the various dimensions of anger to the audience in the spiritual Masnavi. This article answers these questions to investigate anger in Rumi's Masnavi based on Lakoff's conceptual metaphor theory: What images are formed around the axis of anger? What are the conceptual metaphors of anger in Rumi's Masnavi? How are the reasons for anger and its solutions explained in Rumi's Masnavi? What are the consequences of anger and its symptoms? The research method is content analysis through which the whole of Rumi's Masnavi has been examined with the subject of anger. The main discussion has four axes in which conceptual metaphors are analyzed in relation to the physiology of anger, the image of anger, the causes of anger, its treatment methods, and the results of anger in Rumi's Masnavi.

Investigating the type of expression of concepts in literature is one of the topics that can be effective in influencing and understanding the functions of different gnere of literature; therefore, this research based on the theoretical foundations of anger in psychology, first has collects related proverbs in all Persian proverbs in the book Proverbs of Dehkhoda. After, collecting and classifying the data, the structure He has studied their language and type of expression from both figurative and literal perspectives, and finally compared these two types of expression and And in answer to the question of whether in proverbs anger is expressed more figurative or literally? It has concluded that more than figurative expressionhave been used to express the concept of anger and types and its signs, but in the discussion of management solutions, has a higher frequency from direct and literal expression. The reason for this dichotomy is the abstract nature of the concept of anger, which has been used as an figurative for its easy explanation according to popular audiences, but when it comes to its solutions, a variety of news and direct sentences are used to easy understanding of them. The research method is inferential content analysis and the case study is a four-volume book of proverbs and rulings by Dehkhoda. Phishing has been used to collect the required data and information and the data analysis method is inductive.

Several works of research done in the past 50 years have largely convinced some researchers that fundamental emotions are natural and can be seen in all animals, this view is called the basic emotion theory. One of the recent meta-analyses of the human neuroimaging literature was interpreted as supportive of the basic emotion hypothesis (Vytal and Hamann, 2010). However in fact, although there are some consistencies between limbic and non-limbic regions, some of non-specific regions become activated during anger, sadness, fear, disgust, and happiness. Based on this point, each emotion category arises from an innate, specific brain module with homology to other animals. This basic emotion view has commonly loomed large in the science of emotion, and is broadly accepted by many researchers in this field. It has also become a general topic in the popular mainstream media, in spite of the fact that there is still a long way to perceive how the brain basis of emotion is functioning. All in all, some scientists think that certain emotions, such as anger, fear, sadness, happiness and disgust, are biologically basic. It means that these primary and fundamental emotions are natural and can be seen in all beings, that is why it is called the basic emotion theory. In contrast to the basic emotion theory, another approach to emotion, the ‘conceptual act theory of emotion’ assumes that an emotion such as anger, sadness, fear, disgust or happiness is an instance and these instances do not originate from their own. They come from different parts and sections of the brain and they are not specifically devoted to identified brain networks. It means that emotions are built from the combination of activities in domain-general and core brain systems that perform more basic psychological functions, such as salience detection, memory, sensory perception, language, and so on (Barrett, 2006; Lindquist and Barrett, 2012). On the other hand, many different parts of brain are involved in order to understand the concepts of emotions and act, react, or take positions while they are being processed. The present study, which has a qualitative and descriptive-analytic character, aims to specify and discover the active parts of the cerebellum, when they process and understand the concepts of power and movement in the form of conceptual metaphor for the concept of anger based on Quranic data. That is why the present research has focused on anger verses in the Holy Quran. To do so, eighty conceptual metaphors in the source domain of power and movement were gathered from the Holy Quran. To find the appropriate metaphors, first the lexica of anger terms were looked up in the Holy Quran thesaurus (Ghoreshi, 2007), then the verses containing those terms were extracted to discover the conceptual anger metaphors. After that, the derived metaphors were studied and analyzed by some Quran experts to ensure their accuracy. To perform the present investigation, the following practical steps have been taken. First, metaphorical representations sought in the conceptual anger metaphors were considered as signs indicating the activation of the functional regions of the cortex. Second, the themes and evidences of any conceptual metaphor, in other words, the kind of Qur'anic look to anger in different verses, are identified. For example, an extracted metaphor in Quran says: anger is chewing the fingertips, based on precise divisions of cortical functions put forward by Brodmann (Judas, et al. 2012), this conceptual metaphor can be attested to by the activation of parts of motor, executive, attention, emotion functions of the cerebellum during processing anger in the mind. Third, in the same vein, then, given that the active regions of the brain are widespread during anger (Vytal & Hamann, 2010: 2880), it became clear that Quranic anger metaphors entail some different parts of brain to be involved in processing anger. Finally, by matching and comparing the data of Vital and Haman (2012) with Bradman, adapted from Judas (2012),and analysis of the explanation of the concept of motion and power metaphors the data was analyzed and represented.  . Living experiences are the main sources by which emotions are conceptualized in the brain networks.  Consequently, based on the previous experiences, these emotions start to be processed. It has been proved that by means of already – made concepts many possible connections of brain neurons happen in the brain, which have important impacts on our ultimate decisions and reactions while beings emotional (Vytal & Haman, 2010). Therefore, this shows that those situations that you experience while you get angry exert strong influences on your future behavior. Based on the data analysis for metaphorical comprehension, the findings show that the sources domains of power and movement in the form of conceptual metaphors for the concept of anger are shown in the target domains, such as patience, charity, forgiveness, actions, denial, neglect, repentance, blasphemy, eulogy, hell, provocation, excitement, self-denial, curse, and torment. It was also found that different areas of the cerebellum are active during the processing of anger through different responses. The findings also display that the concept of anger and the concept of exposure to anger rebound. Moreover, these reactions are reflected from interactions between areas, networks and numerous neural networks, and ultimately, a conceptual action theory is confirmed. In addition, the results demonstrate that the conception of anger is transitional, transitory and context-based in the Holy Quran. Findings also indicate that while we are exposed to conceptual metaphors for the concept of anger, many different somatosensory feedbacks are observed. These are because of the interactions of brain networks and neuron connections. Results also show that the conceptual act theory of emotion is approved and anger is not only transitory but also context-based

The present research aims at the metaphorical conceptualization of ‘anger’ in one of the most valuable epic works of Persian based on the cognitive pattern proposed byKövecses. The data wereextracted from the corpus under study as well as from the related drawings. In thefirst stage, the target domains were identified and then they were classified into three categories of anger metaphors. Then, the pictures were investigated regarding the degree of correspondence between verbal and pictorial levels. The results showed metaphors of three types of central (fire), principal (insanity, dangerous animals, burden, trespassing) as well as minor metaphors.Moreover, metaphorical concepts of ‘fire’, ‘dangerous animals/nature’ as well as the orientational metaphors of ‘victory/failure is up/down’ were common in verbal and pictorial corpus. Finally, the analysis prototype scenario revealed the absence of an "anger control" phase, which could indicate that the greater the degree of anger is, the less likely anger control may occur.

Conceptualmetaphoris the most important achievement of modern linguistics in which abstract ideas are objectively and experimentally conceptualized. Conceptual metaphor was initially introduced by Lackoff and Johnson in a book titled “Metaphors We live by”. Based on this theory, conceptual metaphor is a mental and imaginary issue revealed metaphorically in a language. Most studies concerning conceptual metaphors are limited to speech and writing; however, emotional metaphors can help conceptual metaphor patterns develop. The present study aims to analyze the conceptual metaphor of wrath in Afghani’s “lady Ahu’s Husband” and Ishiguro’s “Never Leave Me Alone” (winner of Literature Noble prize in 2017). Date were collected from phrases and expressions related to wrath in these two novels. The researchers are to analyze those parts in which wrath is presented as a conceptual metaphor to explain the most frequent metaphors and their origin.

Narrativization is an efficient manner to create literary texts, especially didactic ones.Two significant didacticpieces of literature, namely,KalileveDimne, and Golestan, have used the same method to convey their messages. This study investigates the narrative of fear and anger in the stories of these two books that have anthropomorphic animals as characters. This article aims at analyzing the narrativization of fear and anger through the study of the language of narration, modes of action and expression of the actors who experience both emotions,andalso theirmotivations and the results of their actions. Some differences can be noticed in the language of narration, social class and the gender of the actors that is the result of the two authors’different perspectives, the purpose of their writings and the different origins of stories.

This article analyses and examines three novels of author of the twentieth century, Marguerite Duras. The goal is to find place and importance of silence. The issue is silence of personages and the existence of a direct link between silence and feeling. In fact, the silence emanates from unpleasant feelings and these feelings are often rooted in their loneliness.
Sometimes the silence can be the main actor as the cause of negative emotions such as fear, sadness and disappointment for their partners. Of course, with all the feeling of silence, anger, appeal as a common sense.
Since all the novels expressing moods and feelings of the personages, so to address the issue of silence in these three opuses, we help semiotique of passion. With identification and analysis the production process of passion, we achieved the meaning and the role of silence in these opuses.

This study investigates conceptualizing anger in Persian by means of metaphor، one of the most effective devices of conceptualization. First of all، the anger metaphors in Persian are gathered from the utterances of Persian speakers in Tehran during 1390-1391، and then the determined source domains in Persian are compared with 13 source domains introduced by Kövecses. Anger metaphors in Persian are divided into 3 groups based on Kövecses model (2000). Analysis of 72 metaphorical expressions shows that breakdown /destruction with the highest frequency and fire /heat، physiological change، and animal behavior /reaction with equal frequency are the most common source domains of anger metaphors in Persian. After dividing these metaphors into three groups، most of them are placed within the first group. In other words، the great part of metaphors represents emotional responses out of anger. Moreover، results of the analysis indicate the effect of cultural beliefs on the selection of different source domains among different communities، even within one community.

This study investigates the use of metaphors of anger in Persian and English، based on cognitive linguistics. The paper primarily adopts the cognitive-linguistic model of Lakoff and Kövecses (1987). The results of the study indicate some similarities and differences between the metaphors of anger in Persian and English. Similarities are mostly attributed to a kind of universal motivation for the metaphors employed in these languages which has its root in the similar physiological responses to this emotion and also the similar ideas of the speakers of these two languages about their bodies. The differences are mostly related to having different cultural-ideological backgrounds، coding and decoding the information، the degrees of lexical elaboration، and even the type of lexical elements. In short، the current study reveals that metaphors of anger encompass an integrative mechanism representing not only linguistic and conceptual aspects of language use but socio-culturally-constructed meanings as well.

Emotion is a force with which we convey our interior feeling such as love, hatred, anger, anxiety and is general all our joys to the others.emotin, or maybe its force by itself is one of most fundamental bases of a literary work and its exactly the factor that makes the words or the works eternal, because it evokes the person emotion and feelings all the time and the person never gets tired of reading it. Science and scientific theories related to it are made and processed by our wisdom and wisdom is rapidly changeable but emtion has very little changes and even if its changer at a time, the change is not in the foundation and its basis, but the change is in the form and is appearance. Emotin itself includes: the emotin of enthusiasm, fear, joy and anger and each of them has its own special details and perceptions. Enthusiasm, for example, includes the two element of eulody and thankfulness.emotion of fear includes apolgy and affection and joy includes enthusiasm and tenderness and tenderness and anger includes satire, promise and blame

Mozaffar al-Navvāb, a distinguished Iraqi poet and a leading satirist, well-known in the field of social and political critique, has a privilegedstatus in contemporary Iraqi literature. He has experienced a difficult life in theperiod of political instability in Iraq and has later suffered from pressure and exile; he is angry at the inability of Arab authorities to resolve social and political problems especially those related to Palestine; he is also angry at the compromising strategies of authorities as well as the inability of the Arabs to face and tackle their own problems. Mozaffar al-Navvāb expresses his anger over all these issues and the social and political shortcomings in a harshand naked language and criticizes the agents of the deplorable conditions of the Arabs; his mastery over vernacular language and his fluent Arabic has attracted a wider audience for his message.