جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "houshang moradi kermani" در نشریات گروه "ادبیات و زبان ها"

The present research analyzes the metadiscourse markers in the works of Houshang Moradi Kermani, one of the prominent authors of children and young adult literature.It examines the trend of changes in these markers over the period from 1971 to 2021.This study, based on Hyland's (2005) model of metadiscourse, investigates the interactional and interactive metadiscourse markers in Moradi Kermani's works over five decades.The research method is descriptive-analytical, and the data were extracted using the AntConc software.Statistical analysis of the data using Kendall's test shows that over time, the use of interactional metadiscourse elements in Kermani's works has increased, while interactive elements have decreased.This trend indicates the author's effort to strengthen the connection with the reader and personalize literary texts over time.The results of this study can contribute to a better understanding of the rhetorical changes in children's and young adults' literature and show how authors in this field adapt their writing style to cultural and social changes.

Simile represents the intellectual and mental essence of poets and writers, enabling access to their works' hidden layers of imagination and familiarizing the reader with their personal beliefs, life experiences, and perspectives on society. Similes are often influenced by the central interests and perspectives of the poet or writer, reflecting the prevailing thoughts and dominant culture of society. Similes are shaped by the personal and individual worlds of the poet or writer, as well as by the culture and beliefs of the community, thereby being influenced by these factors, whether consciously or unconsciously. Among the forms of imagination, simile has always been of particular interest to poets and writers. Houshang Moradi Kermani has also paid significant attention to similes. A simile is the most important and commonly used imaginative form in Moradi Kermani stories. In this descriptive-analytical research, simile, the elements of simile, the objectives of simile, and the role of simile in the stories of Houshang Moradi Kermani were examined. The research findings indicate that simile is used to enhance the narrative elements, such as atmosphere, characterization, tone, dialogue, and internalization of the theme. Similes are harmonious with the language and tone of the narrator and the story’s characters, with the similes used in the atmosphere of the story being more imaginative. The objectives of simile are primarily to express Situation of tenor, exaggeration, belittlement, and Imagination.

The current research examines the two books Khumrehand Tanour va Dastanhaye digar- written by Houshang Moradi Kermani - from an environmental linguistics (aka. ecolinguistic) approach. In the present study, among Arran Stibbe’s eight environmental stories, five stories of Ideologies, Evaluations, Identities, Erasure, and Salience, have been reviewed and analyzed. Determining the occurrence percentage of stories and analyzing these statistics in the body of research has been done using a descriptive-analytical method. It can be said that there is a downward trend in the level of realization of environmental stories of Salience, Evaluations, Ideologies and Identities. The story of Erasure which has a negative value, shows a small percentage of occurrence in these books. Evaluating stories based on ecosophies suggests that philosophies such as “Valuing life,” “Wellbeing,” and “Respect for the lives of all species” have a high frequency in these texts. Philosophies concerning “Now and future” and “Environmental limits” are also discernible in the research data. Except for two short stories, the stories of these two books show Kermani's positive view of ecosophies. Education plays a very important role in achieving the goals of culturization, value creation and modeling. Among the most valuable resources for promoting environmental cultures are media, books and institutions such as education and pedagogy. Reflecting on children and adolescents’ books can be a way to spread and institutionalize environmental culture.

Philosophy program for children (P4C) is considered as valuable skills like pondering contents and various situations of life, and being able to argue, distinguish and judge. Matthew Lipman presented a novel approach in early 1970s which aims to teach children and teenagers by the ways beyond the old methods in traditional nurture systems. This approach applies story as the main tool. In fact, stories draw different life situations with high quality and make children get ready to face life problems logically. Therefore, P4C stories are enriched with literal, philosophical and psychological contents. The present study has analyzed psychological richness of “Labkhand-e-Anar” by Houshang Moradi Kermani applying descriptive-analytic approach. The findings reveal that a majority of the stories have high psychological richness, although if they are supposed to be used in P4C, the weaknesses must be corrected. 12 stories of this collection are optimal in terms of appropriate word use and three stories are rather optimal. Coherently, eight stories are optimal for children in terms of child’s perception, while six stories are rather optimal and one is non-optimal.

A narrative is created only through oppositions hence, the characters and their actions must be studied in terms of binary oppositions in it. The conceptual structures in this study are binary oppositional ones, including the confrontations of good and evil, which can be seen in the whole discourse of Persian literature. In general, one of the most fundamental issues in explaining the similarities and differences between the works of Iranian and non-Iranian authors is the comparison of their conceptual structures, including ‘binary’ and ‘oppositional’ structures. Literary structuralism is a method of analyzing literary texts that are rooted in linguistic studies. Structuralism and its general orientation are based on the analysis of binary oppositions and the relationship between them, and structuralism itself origins from the linguistic studies of Ferdinand de Saussure, and the structuralists have been significantly influenced by his thoughts.

Method, background, and purpose of research:

The method in this research is theoretical, which is either descriptive or analytical. First, books on binary oppositions by structuralist authors have been studied and from which notes have been taken. And then, the biographies of both authors have been reviewed to obtain information about their social, cultural, and political status for analysis. The purpose of this study is to explain the similarities and differences between the binary oppositions in the works of an Iranian and a non-Iranian author basically to find out which oppositions can be universal. There has been no independent research on binary oppositions in children’s and adolescent literature. However, research has been done on binary oppositions in other areas of literature, some of which include:The binary oppositions of war and reconciliation and love and hatred in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh (Razmjooei, Tahan 2016) and the result of this research is that although love and reconciliation are superior to war, its superiority is not ‘absolute’.A study of binary oppositions in Nima Yushij’s ‘Sarivili house’ collection of poems (Mohseni 2014) This study shows that Nima has used binary oppositions to express the most important differences, similarities, and conflicts of his thoughts against those in power.

Binary opposition is an English term. Binary in English means dual. Stars that are placed next to each other in pairs are called binary stars. Of course, the understanding of binary oppositions as the basis of linguistic knowledge was discussed much earlier in the views of Plato and Aristotle. However discussing essence, accident, form, etc. goes back to Aristotle's ideas who himself was the founder of a dualistic view of human knowledge and later influenced literature and other areas. The term was first coined by phonologist Nikolai Trobetsky when he introduced it as the main foundation of a value rooted in cultural history. This term is one of the key concepts in the field of linguistics theories, semiotics, and literary criticism. Roland Barthes believes that semiotics is based on binary oppositions. In literary criticism, this term is one of the fundamental concepts of structuralism and post-structuralism (deconstruction). Jacobson believed that children learn these oppositions in the first place. In his view, the speech’s concentration is generally on binary oppositions, and the difference between consonant and vowel is the most fundamental element of phonology. Structuralism and its general orientation are based on the analysis of binary oppositions and the relationship between them, and structuralism itself is rooted in the linguistic studies of Ferdinand de Saussure, and the structuralists have been significantly influenced by his thoughts. Each text is a set of contrasts that encompass confrontations of good and evil, rich and poor, black and white.

Examining the oppositions and analyzing their relationship in the stories by Houshang Moradi Kermani and Roald Dahl, shows that the common consequence of poverty in Iran and British society is children’s forced labor and also, their confrontation with the realities of life. A child, at an age when he should be enjoying his childhood, is struggling with economic problems, illness, and hunger. In the works of both writers, these poor children’s neighbors or classmates are from the rich class of society. And that creates problems; the children either escape or start to protest against the wealthy class. The use of force, violence and insults by the wealthy is another issue addressed by these two authors. The poor class’s captivity and slavery are among other common themes employed by both authors. There are differences between the binary oppositions in the works by these two authors; In Moradi Kermani's, the poor adults mainly believe in fatalism and superstitions, and the poor children are realistic. While, in Roald Dahl's, the poor adults and children are both realistic.In Moradi Kermani's, the poor are harmless, while in Roald Dahl's, the poor cause harassment.In Moradi Kermani's, the poor are not advocated by the people, while, in Roald Dahl's, the poor have supporters such as doctors or priests.

Critical discourse analysis is a new approach to discourse analysis that examines language as a form of social practice and it emphasizes how social power is reproduced through the text. Since the ruling power of every society, organizes the discourse of that society, this approach can be effective in studying how literary works relate to the dominant power of society. The purpose of this study is to analyze the novel You’re no stranger here by Houshang Moradi Kermani based on Fairclough’s approach. Satire, poverty, superstition, indigenous, illiteracy, fear and solitude are the more dominants discourses in this novel. In this study, the discourse of illiteracy will be examined. Therefore, we analyze the text in three stages: description, interpretation, and explanation. At the stage of description, vocabulary selection, grammar, text coherence, words collocation, pronouns, active or passive sentences and metaphorical aspects will be discussed. At the stage of interpretation, situational context, discourse type, power of utterance, intertextuality and discourse order will be examined and finally at the stage of explanation, the text will be analyzed as part of the process of social struggle within relations of power.
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Houshang Moradi Kermani is a well-known writer and stylist in Iran who has had a profound effect on flourishing modern juvenile literature producing an abundant of unique works. Indeed, he tries to depict juvenile world, their issues and concerns in life. The current study, which is a kind of descriptive-analytic ones applying library sources, aims to both present a brief biography of this writer and investigate his works in juvenile literature comprehensively. The findings reveal that he has produced 8 story collections, 10 novels, 1 autobiography, 3 plays, 3 scenarios, and 3 literary messages during his five decades of writing and literary activity. Most of these works are translated into different languages including German, English, French, Arabic, Chinese, etc. winning various national and international rewards. Besides, there are various movies, TV series, and animations produced based on his scenarios.  In terms of different age range for juveniles, his works are appropriate for age groups “D”, “H”, “G” and “B” respectively. Moreover, adults can sometimes be the audience of his works. “Majid Stories” is the most well-known work in juvenile literature due to being broadcasted on TV and radio and published several times as books. Having the highest number of translation versions and winning international rewards, “khomre” is the wolrd’s most famous Iranian work in juvenile literature.

Recognition of the child and the world of childhood depends on the recognition of the social, economic, and moral factors of society and, given the different infrastructure in each society, the definition of childhood will also be different. The child's literature, in particular the story, with its particular style and method of teaching, guides its audience towards knowledge, insight, method and direction, shapes the world and finds its personality and individuality. Plays a major role. For the progress of narration and story, personality must come from action to another. It is only through the confrontation that the narrative is created, and therefore the characters and their actions must be examined in double contrasts. Conceptual structures here and in this study are dual structures and opposites that are the opposites of good and evil, bad and good, etc., which is observed throughout the Persian discourse. The structuralist study of the writings of the two writers suggests that the poor are struggling to escape from the conditions, but eventually his situation does not change much. The bondage and slavery of the poor class are also common features of these works. The use of force, violence and the offensive tone of the wealthy class are among the common features of the writings of these two writers. The research is progressing to the conceptual structures of dual contrasts in three works by Houshang Moradi Kermani and three works by Hans Christian Andersen The author of this study uses descriptive-analytical method and library-documentary resources.

Translation has integrated with the language since its existence, and it remained an indispensable means to establish and strengthen communication between countries around the world. Therefore, the translation and in particular the translation of cultural elements in a text are of great importance in the exchange of various ways of thinking and living in the world. The objective of this research is to assess and examine the quality of the transfer of specific cultural elements in the translation of the book “Vous n'êtes pas sans savoirs” written by Houshang Moradi Kermani and translated into French by Dr. Mitra Farzad, For this reason, we benefit from theorical frameworks of Peter Newmark who is best known for his theories on the transmission of cultural elements, and his theories are mostly about translation and intercultural issues than any other and by comparing the two texts we analyze the methodes and their frequency The most important aims of this descriptive-analytical research indicate that in translating the terms and cultural elements of this book, the translator has used the method of reduction and expansion and descriptive equivalent to convey his meaning to the French-speaking audience, which is an indication of audience-oriented or destination-oriented translations. It is the source of fidelity to the culture and the source text.

This research aims to conduct a comparative study of the narrative discourse in two short story collections: Ghesehaye Majid by Houshang Moradi Kermani and Poil de Carotte by Jules Renard. By employing Dominique Maingueneau’s theories of discourse analysis on literary texts, and by emphasizing the textual components of the two aforementioned collections, instances such as the relationship between the narrator and the narrated, kinds of discourse, and also polyphony in narration have been explored. Dealing with the life of a young adult and including much biographical information from the writers’ own lives, the employment of a humorous and realistic language are instances which make these two collections as good instances of the literature of children and young adults. This study has taken advantage from the theories of critical discourse analysis as an approach which analyzes literary texts and stresses the discursive and interactive aspect of communication. As a result, this research shows how the two writers are in fact very different in their narrative technique, the situation of narration and narrator state, the kind of productive discourse and narrative polyphony, which has resulted in a considerably different kind of literary production of the two authors.

The present paper aims to provide a critical analysis of how cultural filter has been applied in Chris Lear’s and Soheila Sahabi’s (2000) English translation of Houshang Moradi Kermani’s Bachehaye Qalibafkhaneh [Carpet-Weaving Factory Children] (1980/2011) with a particular view to the short story “Razou, Asadou and Khajijeh”. The paper, more specifically, focuses on the rendering of “idioms” as a typical example of culture-specificity in translation. Khanjan’s Critical Translation Analysis (CTA) Model (2012, 2013), which draws on Halliday’s Systemic-Functional linguistics (1994, 2004), has been adopted as the analytical framework. CTA addresses both endogenous (intra-textual) and exogenous (social and extra-textual) parameters involved in translation and, in so doing, it takes heel of both the product and the process of translation. Given the two CTA underlying assumptions of “translation as re-contextualization” and “translating as filtering”, the present study aims to show how appropriate have been the translators’ applications of cultural filter to target contextual requirements. The paper findings indicate that “making descriptive (or directional) equivalents” and “finding cultural (i.e. natural or bidirectional) equivalents”, with the highest frequencies of occurrence among translation strategies adopted by the translators, have generally led to relative functional equivalence relations. When confronted with radically culture-specific idioms, however, the translators have mostly ignored the idioms in question all together and have, accordingly, resulted in a relative loss of domestic rural culture intended by the author.

Constructivist sociology is one of the contemporary literary criticism approaches that focus on the reflection of the social structures in the literary works. According to constructivist Louis Althusser, the process of maintaining power in pre-modern era was applied by suppressive apparatuses; and in the modern era it is fulfilled through ideological apparatus as education (especially at schools). This study examines the performance of ideological apparatus of school in “The Smile of Pomegranate", a story by Houshang Moradi Kermani which portrays the two discourses of traditional and modern educational system. Belief in the desirability of violent attitude as an efficient means of education appears as an ideology in the traditional discourse of education in this story, and the suppressive method transforms into a modern ideological method in its modern layers. By examining the type and the function of elements related to these traditional and modern discourses, in the Althusserian view, the process is identified as the changing process of maintaining power in pre-modern and modern periods.

Constructivist sociology is one of the contemporary literary criticism approaches that focus on the reflection of the social structures in the literary works. According to constructivist Louis Althusser, the process of maintaining power in pre-modern era was applied by suppressive apparatuses; and in the modern era it is fulfilled through ideological apparatus as education (especially at schools). This study examines the performance of ideological apparatus of school in “The Smile of Pomegranate", a story by Houshang Moradi Kermani which portrays the two discourses of traditional and modern educational system. Belief in the desirability of violent attitude as an efficient means of education appears as an ideology in the traditional discourse of education in this story, and the suppressive method transforms into a modern ideological method in its modern layers. By examining the type and the function of elements related to these traditional and modern discourses, in the Althusserian view, the process is identified as the changing process of maintaining power in pre-modern and modern periods.

Houshang Moradi Kermani, born in 1323, is one of the successful novelists and comic artists in the field of children and teenager's literature. Using a wide range of Satire making mechanisms in Moradi Kermani's works is one of the reasons his works are significant. Regarding the results of this study, these mechanisms are mostly divided into two categories: "the mechanisms based on language usage" and "the mechanisms based on language content". In the first category, the satire is created based on language usage and form, specially its two or multiple meaning feature; whereas, in the second category which can be observed with a higher frequency in Moradi's works, the satire is made more on the basis of language content and creating the situations. However, each of these categories is divided to more subsets according to the different theories and patterns which will be discussed in detail in the present study. The results demonstrate that in Moradi's works, satire has been changed through the time and headed to a hidden satire with complex and unknown mechanisms for which the reader needs to excavate the inner layers of the writing to understand it. The purpose of this study is to categorize and analyze the mentioned mechanisms, using the descriptive-analytic method, considering the common theories and patterns of the satire world.

Psychological criticism has been founded on the theories of psychologists such as Freud and Jung though it is not restricted to these theories. What is important in this approach is the critic's understanding of these theories in order to apply them to reading the text and offer a new interpretation accordingly. "Esmaeil-e-Shoja" (“Brave Esmaeil”) is title of a short story by Houshang Moradi Kermani. The subject of the fiction is one of the subjects discussed in psychology: phobia or intense fear in childhood. In this article the researcher attempts to read the fiction in the light of current psychological theories. In this regard, first phobia is discussed and its symptoms have been mentioned. Then, its types, causes and treatments have been analyzed and all these items have been studied in the fiction. It is concluded that this fiction is helpful in curing children suffering from Phobia in the narrative therapy process.