جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « magic realism » در نشریات گروه « ادبیات و زبان ها »

The term “trauma” is used to refer to a situation in which a person’s psyche is harmed by a traumatic event. Žižek argues that trauma is the result of unexpected intrusion of the Real (event) into the Symbolic (symbolization) and acquires meaning in the structure of the Deferred Action. People’s reaction to any traumas is acting out or working through. In the acting out process, the patient displays sign of mental disorders like nightmares, yet in the working through, the patient hides mental suffering in the subconscious and fantasies and transfers the sufferings to another place by means of creating a fetish narration. Regarding the psychological nature of the trauma, the patient is unable to convert it into the Symbolic, and this psychological problem can be recognized only by its symptoms in the person. However, psychologists believe that the only treatment for trauma is to change it to the Symbolic. This study aims to investigate the way of representing trauma in the novel The Dead Dolphin by Hassan Bahrami. The findings show that he has successfully overcome this challenge by utilizing magic realism and its imperceptible combination with trauma features. Through combining local myths with trauma and taking advantage of their dual and contradictory nature, Bahrami has created a strong link between trauma and magic realism and portrayed the character’s trauma. This study proves that magic realism is a proper technique for writing psychoanalytic novels to represent and symbolize people’s trauma.

Magic realism is referred to a new type of fiction erasure in which the writer skillfully mixes elements  such as illusion and imagination with real events,  so that the unreal  character will resemble  the  real and natural ones for the readers. Alrajaolbaeed, written by Foad Takarli, and Tuba and the Meaning of Night, written by Shahrnoush Parsipour, the Iranian contemporary novelist, are two examples of magic realism works. Since these novels are the productions of the fearful ambiance between Iraq and Iran, their writers have mixed the reality with imagination and eliminated the border in between, choosing magic realism to express their attitude. Thus, the present study borrowed an analytical-descriptive method to scrutinize the magic components in these novels. It aimed to introduce two prominent works of fiction literature of Iraq and Iran. The skill and techniques used in these novels represented concepts and purposes by combining the imaginary components with the outside realities. The finding of this research indicate that Takarli and Parsipur   have used the components of magic realism in these novels along with their imaginative power and realistic outlook to illustrated the social realities of their society. Through this passion, they have skillfully illustrated their concerns for the reader and presented these events naturally and simply.

The origin of the magical realism style is the Latin American literature. This style of writing was not limited to such a region of the world, and it has become the subject of fiction literature from other countries including Iran. It is a reflection of the use of the style in the fictional literature of Iran, pure imitation or in accordance with cultural behavior and the development of adaptive literary information. Therefore, the analysis of the components of the effects in the matching can be effective in this recovery. In this research, a comparative study of the components of magical realism in novels of Carpentier and Dowlatabadi, has been studied through descriptive-analytic method. The findings show that both authors use common magic realism style that are different in the only examples. At the same time, unique materials are also featured in the works. Studies show that the climate, economic and social conditions of both writers have influenced the quality of creation and the use of the style of magical realism.

Myths play a major role in the creation of literary works, especially novels. "The Kingdom of this World" and " Age of Enlightenment " (El Siglo de las Luces) by Alejandro Carpathian and Mahmoud Dowlat Abadi's "Gone are the days of the Elderly" are among the novels that have created a combination of real, imaginary and mythical worlds in the style of magical realism. Under the realistic and historical layer of these novels, the framework of the mythical world has a serious and continuous presence. Accordingly, the main purpose of this article is a comparative study of myths in the three novels. Alejo Carpentier and Mahmoud Dowlat Abadi are writers from two different nations with two different languages ​​between whom there is no historical relationship. In contemporary times, these two writers did not know each other and were not influenced by each other's works, ideas, currents and genres, style and structure of storytelling. That’s why the fundamental actions and concepts of myths in the hidden layers of these three novels are studied and analyzed in the present article and the method is analytical – descriptive in the framework of the American School of Comparative Literature approach.

Identity is the most challenging subject in the modern world due to the flood of technology in the second half of the twentieth century, coupled with other post-modernist phenomena which have impacted our lives. Ibrahim Nasrollah, the renowned Palestinian author, in a novel titled: Harb al-Kalb al-Thaniah (The Second Dog War) has addressed this challenge through literature. In this novel, he has depicted the future of human life through an imaginary world, using magical realism. The basic concept of the novel is “Simulation”. This phenomenon enters the world of the story and spreads among the people. Day by day the people become more and more like each other and step by step, the fraudulence, violence and conflict in society increase and begin to take over. Through magic realism and using the descriptive –analytical approach to the novel, this paper seeks to study this process as an individual action leads to great human disaster.

This article explores the nature of the narrative techniques adopted by the writer "Abd al-Rahman Munif" in his novel Cities of Salt، and the significance of these techniques in terms of the fact that this novel is considered one of the important petroleum texts in post-colonial Arabic literature that deals with Western postcolonial discourse in general and the American discourse in particular. This novel has been the subject of profound debates in terms of its literary classification، but in-depth objective research proves that Cities of Salt is a magical، petroleum، post-colonial novel that addresses the negative social، economic and political impacts of oil discovery on the societies of the Arabian Peninsula. To this end، this article will shed light on the narrative tools that Munif used to communicate his post-colonial contradictory message through modern narration techniques such as magic realism، character formation، and multiple voices with the aim of presenting various perspectives of events by the author. In this way، Munif has presented an innovative narrative genre in Arab literature and a rare work on the international level، as very few Arab and international literary works have addressed the issue of oil، which has become considered as a taboo due to the American political pressure to prevent this sensitive issue from being discussed. On the other hand، in order to accurately explain the multiple layers، levels، and encodings embedded in Cities of Salt، this article will adopt Edward Said's theory known as contrapuntal reading، as a scientific methodology of research، with the aim of placing the novel in its appropriate socio-political place. This article will also build on concepts of magic realism by Stephen Slemon. It should also be noted that this article will touch on how Munif embodied the concept of inclusion، according to Todorov's narrative criticism theory، to explain how Munif incorporated minor stories into the general narration with the aim of shedding light on a specific point that serves the overall purpose of the narration. And of course، putting a work in its proper literary position contributes to establishing a kind of civilized mutual understanding between East and West through the current and future cultural dialogue، in a world where the struggle and resistance against hegemony، imperialism and aggressive wars are the main engines that generate global crises and many disasters and tragedies again and again، especially in the West Asia region.

Magical realism, as a new style influenced by the West, especially Latin America, was introduced to world literature, but this fiction style is not only devoted to this region of the world, but also in the fiction literature of other countries, including Iran. Accordingly, the main questions in this thesis are that what are the components of magical realism in the novels of «Ei reino de este mundo" and" le siecle des lumieres" from Aljo Carpentier as one of the pioneers of this style from the Latin American region and the valuable work by Mahmoud Dowlatabadi, entitled"Rūzgār-i siparī shudah-ʼi mardum-i sālkhūrdah"? What are the factors influencing the material of these novels? The main purpose of this research is the comparative analysis of the components of magical realism in the selected works of these two writers which has been done by analytical-descriptive method.  The result of this thesis shows that magical realism both in Latin America and in Iran has a passion for fans that have used this monument in their works. The two authors of the study, which have been studied in this study, both have used and applied the same types of magical realism style as their own unique works in their works. But the nature and form of these components, despite the similarity and classification of the same, have unique characteristics that derive from the native, cultural and living beliefs of the author. Also, the creatures, animals, and the supernatural and strange elements of these two writers have different perceptions. The state of affairs in spelling or spellbound spaces is more unpopular than the carpentry.

Identity is among the new expressions that gained importance which has a key role in the national integrity. This issue refers to a set of social, spiritual and material achievements with which the individuals and communities live. Considering the fact that the world is facing the growth that raises a variety of issues in front of human society, redefining identity that has been compatible with improvements is the basic need of the contemporary culture. Hence, the novel has not been away from this growing trend and played a key role in studies and observing daily events and its parameters. Magic realism is considered a new narration technique which carries social, political and cultural plan whose basis is identity and returning to itself. Since identity is the central focus of the novel, The Tiller of Waters, by Huda Barakat, one of the most prominent writers of magic realism of contemporary Lebanon. This resrch, through descriptive-analytical approach, tries to deal with the word identity and its structural role in the narrative stracture, identifying the features of identity, crisis and its recall and the relationship between them, and the crucial proportions around the hero of story. The research concludes that the Identity crisis in The Tiller of Waters, is the result of different factos, including surrender and disappear of the hero of the story against the passage of time, lack of feeling against place, prrish and his hysterical fear during the war. The main character of the story who, due to internal pressures caused by the civil war in Lebanon, Seek a new meaning for its identity, has collapsed, using the collective unconscious of humanity, knits past with present and searched his lost originality in the history of Lebanon.

Techniques of writing fictions in the West have had significant effects on the Arabic fiction today. Among them, the technique of "magical realism" is noteworthy. It refers to a type of narrative realism which, on one hand, resembles a realistic story and, on the other hand, is excluded from the realm of realism by the extraordinary events that occur. Therefore, magical realism is a realistic narrative which occurs in magic patterns. Rabie Jaber, a Lebanese contemporary novelist, is among the most famous writers in the Arabic literature who uses this technique widely in his stories. The novel Mehlis Report narrates Lebanon Civil War and its social, political and psychological roots. One of his most prominent works is in the field of magical realism. In this study, after the concept of magical realism is defined, an analytical method is used to analyze the novel Mehlis Report by Rabie Jaber based on fictional elements. Then, the effects of these elements on the form and content of the novel are specifie. The research results indicate that, in this novel, Jaber has used diverse procedures and techniques such as magical phenomena, magnification of reality, unjustifiability of some events, dead narrators, creation of alternative and irrational worlds, authorial reticence, and expressionist descriptions. These elements are used to reveal the bitter aspects of social life.

The elements of reality and fantasy are combined to create a superhuman work in magic realism, as a new style of contemporary fiction. In such stories, the elements of reality and fantasy are merged in a way that make the story natural and credible to the audience. Magic realism is a subset of realism and cannot be considered as an independent school; because it has no independent and new framework and includes most of the components of realistic fiction. Examining the principles of magic realism, it has been tried, in present paper, to mention the views of literary experts and critics initially, and then, to study the features and components of magic realism in "Paribād ", a novel by Mohammad Ali Oloumi. The presence of imaginative and fantastic elements such as fairies, demons, winged humans, blood rain, and disappearance of cities puts the story of Paribād in the category of magic realism.

The simplest definition that can be applied to magic realism is the accumulation of reality with magic, wander, hallucination and beyond. What it implies is that magical events happen in reality in a way that makes them look like being a part of reality.Lots of writers in Arabic countries found that area really appealing. Abdul Rahman Monif in novel like “maden Al Malah” has chosen the style of magic realism.Considering magic realism, thought, magic, illusion, hallucination, symbol, sign, Sufis and Sufism, paradoxes, critical trends, writer‘s silence and his partiality towards magical occurrences are among its element that Has been studied in this article by Analytical descriptive method.This novel has been benefited from sociological influence, political issues, cultural backgrounds and critical views. Additionally Abdul Rahman Monif was impartial toward all unrealistic events around his and he does not any judgments. And In the magical realism fiction style, the author does not react to unrealistic and imaginary incidents and he does not even provide any explanations. So the reader believes in and accepts all unrealistic incidents. Also the author has succeeded with combination of magic with reality to express what goes on inside about Political and social and economic theorems with a cash approach.

Magic Realism is novice approach in contemporary narration in which reality and image are intermingled. The result of such combination is the literary work which doesn’t resemble to the primary elements. Here, mingling of imagination and reality are so expertly done that all of unreal and imaginative events of story are naturally actualized, so much that the readers easily accept them. Regarding to the findings of study, Ravanipoor and Grass have tried to face the readers to unfamiliar world make distance between reader and story, therefore, they have used the different point of views. The characters of two works are polar, it means they pass from the real world to the imaginative one or vice versa. Both writers have considered the social-poetical issues of their societies in their novels, hence they have used magic realism. The novel of From Drowning is merely used the elements of magic and secrets and The Tin Drum has used the polar features of voluntary silence.

Magic realism is one of the new methods of writing and a literary style in contemporary stories in which authors make wonderful, fantasy, and magical events and elements reliable and have readers to travel in the mysterious and believable space of stories. Using magic realism, particularly in developing countries, is becoming a common practice because of their political, historical, and social situations in recent time. Some of the features of magic realism in some of Naguib Mahfouz’s short stories can be investigated. In the present study, through a descriptive-analytical method, is to investigate Naguib Mahfouz’s short stories based on components of magic realism. The aim of the study is to show that Naguib Mahfouz links magic symbols and elements with Arabs’ contemporary history, especially Egypt on the one hand, and with the psychological profile of characters. The present study is significant because in the selected stories, psychological aspects of fictional characters and Arabs’ contemporary history have been significantly paid attention to using elements such as symbols, surprise ending, sudden events, the wonderful and strange beliefs, as well as dreams and visions. Arabs defeat by Israel, the political repression of the Arab communities, as well as national ignorance of the Arabs (especially Egypt), the inner conflicts of the characters, and their efforts to escape punishment were among cases carefully considered by Mahfouz through elements of magic realism.

Subject to excitements, strength and weakness and unpredictable accidents, war is instinctively enthusiastic and controversial. Due to this important factor, a large number of writers and authors have chosen war as their subject matter. However, closeness of war and ideological bases of Iranians makes it difficult to investigate the field, and necessitates special narrative methods. Magic Realism is one of styles that can be effective in showing the spiritual dimensions and spectacular events of war through mixing reality and dream.
Two holy defense short stories, “The Lunatic” and “Ood-e Aass-e Sabz”, written by Majid Gheisary, are evaluated here to see how this method can be applicable in creating fictional works of holy defense. It is necessary to mention that not using different styles of story writing can lead holy defense works of fiction to repetitiveness and approximate the parallel flow of narrative literature.

Magic Realism is a mode of literary realism in which elements of magic and fantasy are mixed with everyday facts, so that it is sometimes impossible to know fction from fact. In this mode of writing, fantastic and supernatural events are presented in a way that the reader accepts them a natural and real. As a school of writing, it has a few elements which include binary opposition, mystery, metamorphosis, objectifcation, willing silence, sound and smell. Sometimes attributed to Latin America or the Middle East, Magic Realism is now a universal literary mode practiced by many author from around the globe. Among these authors is Iraqi Kurdish Bakhtiar Ali who is indeed the forerunner of this style of writing in Kurdish. Ali’s most characteristic novel in this mode is Parwane's Evening in which the author deals with Kurdish people’s sufferings, their search for their lost identity and the problems in traditional Kurdish society. Tis study is an attempt to apply a descriptive-analytical methodology to identify the typically magical realist elements in Ali’s novel. Te results of the study show that these elements are embodied as fact/fction bipolar, mysterious flight of the butterflies, especially on the day Perwane is executed, metamorphosis of Perwane into dust, the struggle of Perwane over the unreal world, objectifcation in the metamorphosis of the butterflies, and the use of sound and smell for death and blood respectively.

As one of the most important global trends in contemporary fiction, "Magic Realism" is a relatively new genre in which the author makes use of such elements as "fantasy" and "supernatural elements" in the context of imagination to masterfully make the characters seem true to life and believable to the reader. Bachtyar Ali, a well-known Kurdish writer and literary theorist often creates his works in this mode. The Last pomegranate of the world, one of his most successful novels, has been translated into several languages including Farsi. This paper is a case study attempt to investigate such elements of magic realism as fantasy, peaceful coexistence, myth, and duality in The Last Pomegranate of the World using an inductive-analytical method, relying on library data and documents. With this new reading perspective t, not only is a more clear interpretation of the novel presented through the elements of magic realism but also a more highlighted use of myth than the other elements of magic realism is discovered through the novel.

Combining the realities of life with traditions, beliefs and extreme daydreaming of people of Caribe area, which was a mixture of African black slaves’ beliefs with the Indian traditions before Coulomb, leaded to the rising of Realism Style. Although this style of writing is mostly attributed to Latin America and Colombian writer, Gabriel Garcia Marquez, one can’t claim that this style of writing belongs only to this area, since we can trace this style of writing in Eastern literature such as local and native literature of Iran territory too. In this line, the novel of “The Last Pomegranate” written by Kurdish famous writer, Baxtiar Ali, is one of the professional Kurdish novels whose writer tried to write it in Magic Realism style. This study tries to investigate and analyze the employment of magic realism techniques in this novel. The findings revealed that the writer has employed most indexes and features of magic realism in the novel elequently. The writer has pictured the realities of his own societies in an unfamiliar and magic space and place so eloquently that the reader cast himself/herself in doubt of what is real and what is unreal and magic. In addition, the writer opens new perspectives to us, where a humane and ideal life deprived of cruel and racial prejudice is pictured.

In this paper¡ the influence of One Hundred Years of Solitude by Gabriel García Márquez on Touba and the Meaning of Night by Shahrnush Parsipur is discussed through a comparative-critical approach. In these two novels¡ confrontation and conflict between tradition and modernity is one of the most significant themes. So¡ this paper tries to depict the discursive and inter-textual connection between the above mentioned novels based on their similar content and themes. It also aims at demonstrating the way these two work confront the modern world based on the voices in the novels¡ explaining how the authors of these two novels¡ had a dialogue with modern world through a fusion of reality and illusion¡ physical and metaphysical world; and death and life. After a comparative study¡ this paper aims at revealing different aspects in these two novels regarding the discourse of tradition and modernity¡ according to a critical approach. It will be revealed how Parsipur’s narration suffers from the lack of integrity and coherence¡ in a way that “Touba and the meaning of night” doesn’t have the same firmness and complexity of One Hundred Years of Solitude. As a result¡ it couldn’t make proper use of elements like irony¡ credibility of characters and significant correlation of the events. In One Hundred Years of Solitude¡ the reaction to the foreigners is evidently critical¡ explicit¡ and contradictory. While¡ in Touba and the Meaning of Night¡ this reaction is chaotic¡ confused and somehow passive.

Magic realism is one of the modern narrative techniques in which all imaginary and unreal events appear wholly natural and factual all throughout the story so that they are readily admitted by the reader. Thereupon, Herta Müller’s The Land of Green Plums and Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s One Hundred Years of Solitude seem to be authored on the grounds and principles of magic realism. The present article is, in fact, a recitation of magic realism’s position in above-mentioned novels. Moreover, investigation of the manner in which the two elements are integrated in the two novels constitutes the problem of the article. Müller and Marquez both employ magic realism in their fiction, but the divergence between the two is more considerable than their points of convergence. The question that comes to mind in this regard is, “How far has magic realism, as a modern narrative technique, been reflected in The Land of Green Plums and One Hundred Years of Solitude?” Using descriptive-analytic approach, results of this article confirm the hypothesis that Herta Müller has made attempts to recite the relationship between politics and society by means of magic realism, while Marquez, in his One Hundred Years of Solitude, rewrites the interaction and conflict between conventionalism and modernism. Worthy of consideration is, also, the point that both writers call out loudly the peoples’ responsibility toward their peripheral events in the real/unreal cosmos of the novel.

This article tries to introduce Ibrahim Nasrallah one of the prominent Palestinian novelists along with his pivotal works. Nasrallah’s works which have been taken into consideration in the present research include “Birds of Caution”, “Baby of Eraser”, “Amene’s Brides”, “Only 2” and “The Watchman of Lost City”. In his works, Nasrallah has used various anecdotal methods such as magical realism, multi-anecdotal techniques; stream of consciousness by taking world’s famous novelists such as Saramago and Kotedra as his role models. We selected five above works of Nasrallah for introduction and literary analysis. In the literature written about Palestine and its events seems to be the best contemporary Arabic literary works. The method in this research is brief sign to themes of these novels then surveys the aesthetics sides and technical power point of this works.