جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "semantic relation" در نشریات گروه "ادبیات و زبان ها"

The present study aims to analyze the verb “bastan” (to close) using cognitive semantics. The meanings of “bastan” have been collected using library method, extracted from dictionaries including Sokhan, Dehkhoda, Sadri Afshar's Persian Dictionary, Persian Spoken Variety, and the Etymological Dictionary of the Persian Language. This data was used for comparative analysis. In this research, a qualitative research method has been used to describe the meanings and to determine if there is a relationship among them using the image schema theory in cognitive semantics, specifically the models proposed by Evans and Greene, Evans and Evans. The analysis of the schematic meanings of the verb “bastan” showed that out of 26 meanings, 11 are force schemas, indicating an obstacle of a physical or abstract nature, and 18 are link(age) schemas, either physical or abstract. In one case, in addition to the mentioned schema, a splitting schema was considered. Etymological considerations show that the verb “bastan” originates from a single root in its current form: -band in ancient Persian, bandh (badhnāti) in Sanskrit, and -band in Avesta. This matter does not allow the existence of two different unrelated schema, because the connection between meanings will be lost. This research argues that associative schemas show the relationship between the various meanings of the polysemic verb “bastan”.

Nafthat al-Masdur by Shihaboddin Mohammad zeydari and Jahangosha History by Ata al-Mulk Juveyni are valuable literary and historical works of 7th century AH. These two books, like other contemporaries, are written with artifact and technical prose. In technical prose, verbiage is used as a writing method; i.e. excessive use of words and phrases for explaining little concepts. The use of verses, sayings, proverbs and Arabic poems is also a method that leads to lengthy writing. The authors of the two works combined Arabic prose and poetry with Persian writing through different methods. In this research, literal and semantic relations between Arabic phrases and Persian prose were studied. Also, the status of Arabic phrase in Persian word and the way it is combined with Persian prose are investigated. The results clearly revealed that, on one hand, Arabic phrases of Nafthat al-Masdur and Jahangosha History can establish verbal relationship with Persian text. This relationship is evident in two forms: first, Arabic prose and poetry, as a part of speech in sentence, take form of subject, object, predicate, possessive, adverb, complement, and clause; second, rhetorically, appear as with one of the rhetorical categories such as simile, metaphor, irony, ambiguity, brevity, debate, and etc. on the other hand, Arabic implication well managed semantic relationships with Persian prose using various methods including complementation, stress, allegory, description, summarization, and interpretation.

Some Islamic mystics have found a close relationship between Verse 172 of Araaf Surrah in Holy Koran and the immutable essences which are among the terms in theoretical system of Ibn Arabi. The present study tries to find answers to the question of the relationship that Molana has found between the two concepts when he gives references to Alast verse in his Mathnavi. The definition of immutable essences and some related concepts are provided here. Moreover, some pieces of poetry of Molana which embody the relationship between the two concepts are analyzed in this study. The results show that Molana has seen a relationship between Alast verse and immutable essences in areas such as Allah’s eternal knowledge, the reflection of essences in prophets and saints, eternal origins and the mystery of destiny.

In linguistic research, compound word emerges from two or several lexical morphemes and at least it consists of two roots that both are words or are morpheme root. In many works, it is mentioned to Persian compound words but number of works that have the semantic point of view to Persian compound words with amount of researches that have examined these words has been little and purpose of this research is that with cognitive – semantic approach, we study types of the semantic relationships of exocentric compounds. From cognitive Linguistic point of view, the semantic relationship among compound parts is definite criterion for compound final interpretation. Endocentric Compounds have the Known Semantic relationships between your components: while exocentric compounds do not follow a certain pattern in this field. With reading books, studying newspapers have compiled these nouns and have studied the semantic relationships between exocentric compound according to list of Girju et al (2005) as a result of it was defined that exocentric compound names have 11 the semantic relationships, they include possession, simile and local relationships. The highest- frequency of these semantic relationships are metaphoric and numerical relationships and the least- frequency of them are causal. These researches can be used in the areas of morphology, can be helped us in opening the nodes of Persian Language grammar.

The present article seeks to explain the position of the word "Righteousness" by the method of descriptive semantics. After the etymology, its semantic relation with collecative and substitute words has been examined in the Quran. Therefore, according to the research features, descriptive analysis method has been used. The results of descriptive study showed that “Righteousness” in spiritual application based on substitutional orientation or collecation orientation has semantic relation with the words like “piety”, “faith”, “charitable”, “forgiveness”, “honesty”, “better” and “goodness”. Based on collecation orientation with words, it is located in a semantic field such as misconduct, tyrant, miserable, rebellious, disobedience, iniquity, aggression, sin, and bad, and in some semantic components, it has contrastive meaning with them. Another important result, is the deep semantic relation of “righteousness” with other words in the same field in the Holy Quran. These relationships have caused the word “righteousness” to be impressed by the adjacent words and the meaning system placing in it, such that it survives with distinct and transcendental meaning. The word “righteousness”, as the most general moral concept, has a literal meaning of "development of good work", and its conceptual and applicable scope is very wide, which can be summed up in the three semantic aspects of "obedience", "goodness " and "piety".

Traditional and modern linguists consider the linguistic context as one of the important topics in language studies and especially in semantics. In traditional syntax and rhetoric، «deletion» bears many similarities with the modern linguistic context. The extensive presence of linguistic context in semantics، such as context in syntagmatic relation، in other words، in grammatical structure، especially semantic relations such as synonymy، polysemy، antonymy، and even in higher levels، the paragraph and context may help the reader to comprehend the exact meaning of words; this، also، is highly important in translation. This article tries to explore the features and functions of such context in both traditional and modern linguistics. Furthermore، to some extent، it refers to the similarities and differences of linguistic context in semantics by considering the subject of parallel in syntax and rhetoric.