جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "syria" در نشریات گروه "ادبیات و زبان ها"

Committed and popular poets consider it their mission to reflect various social problems and issues in the mirror of their poems. These singers have often experienced the suffering and pain caused by war, colonialism, tyranny, suffocation, repression, and a closed political atmosphere, and have written in order to awaken and encourage people. The present research, which was carried out in a descriptive-analytical way, sought to examine the manifestations of socio-political criticism in the poems of Mahdi AkhawanSales (from Iran) and Mohammad Al-Maghout (from Syria) and from this point of view, the similarities and differences expose each of them to the reader's view. What was obtained from the search in brief is that: the poets of this research criticize the political obstruction and the lack of freedom, criticize the imprudence and incompetence of the rulers, criticize the neglect and callousness of the people, criticize the laziness of the fighters, criticize the They have put belligerence etc. on their agenda and reflected on it. The AkhavanSales and Maghout have been trying to free the people from neglect and everyday life by rousing national and ancient feelings, and to make them aware of their past honors, to recover their lost identity and to realize that - in the direction of achieving an ideal society - Give life again.

One of the issues that is worthy of investigation in the field of comparative literature is the content of textbooks and how they deal with different issues faced by students. Homeland and national identity are the topics that have always been considered in education and the textbooks of different countries have paid attention to them in various ways. The current research intends to study the concept of homeland and national identity in the Farsi and Al-Arabiya textbooks of Iran and Syria based on the American school of thought in comparative literature. The studied books are six Persian language and six Arabic language textbooks updated due to the latest changes in the textbooks of Iran and Syria. The findings from comparing the main elements of homeland in Iran indicate that, in Farsi textbooks for primary schools, the highest importance is given to the elements of religious identity and Islamic homeland. On the contrary, in Al-Arabiya textbooks, paying attention to the Arabic language and writing and not paying attention to religious elements are striking. Praising the combatants and martyrs of the homeland, introducing the natural attractions, geographical, historical, and cultural heritages, and paying less attention to ethnic identity are common points in the textbooks of both countries

The need to examine the representation of women in contemporary literature is one of the most important and debatable issues in the current context of the field of fiction. In the last decade, due to changes in the social, cultural and societal structure of societies and the rise of women's awareness, women writers have expressed a critical view of the social status and role of women and called for a fundamental change in public attitudes and revision of patriarchal interpretations of Literary texts. This article tries to study and compare the identities of traditional and modern women in this work with a descriptive-analytical method, while introducing the novel "Al-Dawameh" by Qamar Kilani, a contemporary Syrian writer. From this study, it can be deduced that in the book AlDawameh, the dimension of modern women is more vividly portrayed than traditional women, and Kilani has paid attention to the choice of women's names in his novel in accordance with these two dimensions of identity. Also, the traditional women of this novel are limited to the duties and roles of mother and wife and are doomed to adherence and compromise against the patriarchal system and citizenship of the traditional traditions. In contrast, the modern woman of the novel is a knowledgeable, educated and modern woman. His identity is linked to issues such as employment, independence, open-mindedness, breaking the traditional rules of marriage and modeling.

The issue of colonialism gained a large part of the intellectual space among the colonized eastern people and among the poets who were always the intellectual instigator of the revolution and the supporter of movements for change. With the different forms and methods of colonialism, the poets had their different methods in confronting this phenomenon. This study attempts to monitor the Iranian and Syrian poets' confrontation with the phenomenon of colonialism, and takes from the Iranian poet Mohammad Taqi Bahar and the Syrian poet Badawi Al Jabal as two examples. This study follows the analytical, descriptive and historical method. Among the expected results of this study, we find that there is a great convergence in the intellectual orientation of the poets, in giving priority to the issue of confronting colonialism, showing its negative aspects, and calling for new concepts, the most important of which are freedom, advancement and union, and spreading the culture of the state and people’s rights. However, each poet has his own peculiarity and style that differs from the other. Bahar relied on his confrontation on the direct and frank method, in a clear and detailed language, and with a high linguistic intensification, relying on the color of modern poetry and the freedom it offers of clarification and expression. While Al Badawi moved between the direct and indirect poetic style within the classical poetry method, adhering to its conditions, focusing on the poetry of the text with its rhythmic, rhyme and music.

Mohammad Maghout, a contemporary Syrian poet, is one of the very pioneers of blank verse poetry in Arabic literature. Opposition and contradiction can be traced as a stylistic and dynamic feature of his many poems, making them not boring or dull. Marked lexicon and poetic forms, rendered in a subtle way make the readers amazing and sensitive. As a result of this dual contrast Mohammad Maghout stays outstanding in the realm of Arabic poetry, leading to his contradictory personality. He says “This is my nature, the essence I’m unable to change.” This dual conceptuality is depicted in the way the poet has experienced in real life, hence, a contradiction in his identity and universe. In this study, it was tried to examine this unique duality of Mohammad Maghout poetry in a descriptive and analytic approach. Through pinpointing his three main works (Sadness in the Moonlight, A Room with Millions of Walls, and Happiness Is Not My Profession), it was concluded that Mohammad Maghout has resorted to dual conceptuality to show his political and ideological issues. So, he has tried to tackle the readers’ minds and lead them to environmental aesthetic of his poems. This unprecedented frequent use of contradictions defines a new style in Arabic poetry that is unique to Mohammad Maghout.

The despair, shame and sadness following the political evolutions in the Arab world in 1960s and 1970s, and particularly the Arab defeat in the June 1967 war strongly affected the Arab writers.George Salem, a contemporary Syrian novelist, is on the one hand, influenced by these conditions and on the other hand,impressed by West literature as he frequently presents existentialistic ideas in his writings. His success in incorporating these concepts in the “Dialogue of the Deaf” explains the author’s special ability in writing stories with a philosophical and anthropomorphist orientation as well as the necessity of analyzing this book as an example of existentialist literature.Employing a descriptive-analytical approach, the present research is an attemptto investigate intertextual relations in the text and the atmosphere of the stories in order to extract examples of the manifestation of existentialism philosophy. The results of the study of this collection which is a good example of the tendency toward existentialism among Syrian writers in 1970s shows how Salem deals with concepts such as loneliness,abandonment, death, guilt, responsibility, human condition and human transcendence. The author describes human as an isolated being following the fate on his own. In these stories, others contribute to the death of the human spiritby driving him to the brink of abyss. This is due to a lack of understanding and sometimes because of hostility. But despite all of that, the author considers like Sartre that man is responsible against human.

This paper studies and compares the methods of story writing of Nader Ebrahimi and Lina Kilani، the wellknown Syrian writer، in children literature. In the following، this paper explains the abstracts of two stories from Nader Ebrahimi and Lina Kilani (when someone talks، how will be their shape? – cloth of a doll called Selmi respectively) and criticize them based on the mentioned standards. It is noteworthy that this paper derived from a master''s degree dissertation investigating all stories written by both writers، and the results of the paper adopted from all their works. Due to the scope of it، this paper only investigates one work of each writer.

The present article is an attempt to review the Syrian Short Storyfrom the period between 1931 to 1947 and its development. Syrian Short Stories in this period are affected by cultural, political and historical events.

Examination of the similarities and differencesbetween Persian and Arabic literature and the impact of these two on each other has been the subject of numerous researches in comparative literature. Since in recent decades the connection between Persian and Arabic literature has weakened considerably, it seems that focusing on the cultural similarities between them on the one hand, and the impact of the west as the origin of modern literary criticism upon them on the other hand, paves the wayfor the investigation of practical critiques in different fields; this can fill the gap that has appeared due to the lack of direct connection between Persian and Arabic literature. The differences in the viewpoints of Persian and Arabic literature as well as their different interpretations of western theories and the reflection of these interpretations in the works of Iranian and Arabic writers can affect the type of critical inquiry in these two fields. The present study examines a number of practical critiques of Arabic fiction (especially short story, as a branch of the vast field of Arabic literature)written in Iran and Syria,in order to identify the similarities and differences in the attitudes of the critics in both fields. Moreover, it explores the degree of their success in investigating short story and its development in Iran and Syria.

Writer of drama profited from the history in compilation of their dramas (up to the present), and this is self-evident that inclination to the history in societies of human is natural, that we find in events and incidents of history, a great source for pains and incommodities and happiness and falling and brightness. Perhaps inclination of nations to the history to make apparent rather in period of crisis and hardness as people of nation feels that the historical factor causes to alliance of their relationship.This article studies historical drama between the Syrian and Persian Literatures. It aims at showing the extent of development of this literary genre in the two literatures and how history has been an inspiration for the playwrights in their attempt to reflect on the important issues that have shaped the society in the two countries.Also this paper try to study similarity and difference points between the historical drama in Syria and her resemblance (Iran), relying to American and Slafia school in the comparative literature, whereas have not historical relations or effect and impression in both of literatures, this article consider hidden events in the economic and social actuality in the both nations.

The present era is the era of the domination of mental concerns for human beings which results in different emotions such as depression and disappointment، hope، kindness، happiness، despair and excitement. The ways these emotions appear in different people are as different as their characters. The qualities of these emotions are also different in different people. These conditions are the expressions of the inner and mental characteristics and they have been reflected in poetry and literature. The poetry of Shamloo in Iran and the poetry of Maqut in Syria who are known as the pioneers of blank verse are full of themes which includes their emotional and psychological status. The present article studies their similarities in this regard.

The present article is an attempt to review the Syrian Short Storyfrom the period between 1931 to 1947 and its development. Syrian Short Stories in this period are affected by cultural, political and historical events.

Woman has been pictured in literature generally and in Iran and Syria literature specifically. Since literature has always been the complete mirror of real life and society, thus it can be inferred that woman plays a vital and important role in the society. The present article is the outcome of the novel “Al Na’na’ Al Barri” from Ensiyeh Abboud in Syria and “the complete works” of Parvin E’tesami and her thoughts in Iran. Woman does not have a considerable position as a wife and men always consider themselves as the lord of their wives thus they humiliate their wives’ characteristics.