جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « works » در نشریات گروه « ادبیات و زبان ها »

Comparative discourse analysis is a branch of linguistics focusing on comparative study of languages, cultures, and discourses in terms of similar linguistic and metalinguistic variables in the construction and monitoring of discourse (Linha, 2022). Monitoring discourse is the analysis of strategies in planning, distribution, production, and utilization of language to create coherence and relevance between units of discourse by the creative, innovative, and flexible way of application of discourse markers (DMs) in human communication (Mohammadi and Dehghan, 2021). This explorative, descriptive, and qualitative study analyzed coherence relations in “Modire Madreseh” by Jalal Aleahmad and “The Old Man and The Sea by Hemingway. DMs are the most frequent, complex, and creative meta-linguistic elements in human communication (Sayadkooh and Reisi, 2017). Their utilization in discourse is not random and they perform different cultural social and pragmatic functions facilitating human communication (Fraser, 2006). Theoretically, DMs are defined and analyzed from two perspectives: relevance theory by Sperber and Wilson (1995) and coherence theory by Glansberg (2018). And the assumptions include: all text possess coherence, there are different types of coherence relations in texts, and these coherence relations should be discovered by the people in discourse. Approaching DMs functionally, Redeker (2006) believes that DMs’ main function is establishing relationship between units of discourse. From a semantic perspective, Fraser (2006) analyzed DMs at sentence level and believes that they establish the relationship between messages in the former, present, and latter sentences. Aijmer (2013) concludes that DMs do not possess fixed lexical functions and their functions are contexts-dependent and context-sensitive resulting in different functions in discourse. Empirically, DMs are investigated in different languages skills such as writing, speaking, listening and translation by different investigators. This exploratory, descriptive, and qualitative study analyze coherence relations in two Persian and English literary works. Theoretically the study was supported by coherence theory in discourse analysis and the following analysis models established within this theoretical perspective: DMs inventory developed by Fraser (2006) and DMs functional inventory by Brinton (1996). Coherence theory centers around the appropriacy of concepts in terms of their relationship in the context of discourse. The corpus consisted of the following two Persian and English novels: “Modire Madreseh” by Jalal Aleahmad and “The Old Man and The Sea by Hemingway and these novels where selected due to the similar literary genre, similar readability levels, and close date of publication in two literary discourses. Moreover, to verify the reliability of the findings 20% the data were given to two raters to verify the researchers’ identification and classification of DMs and their functions. The results of the quantitative analysis revealed that the construction of coherence relations between units of discourse was substantiated based on a four plane framework established by four groups of inferential, elaborative, contrastive, and temporal DMs in monitoring discourse. And the most frequent DMs were elaborative DMs. The qualitative analysis of the pragmatic functions of DMs applied in these literary works resulted in the following seven plane spectrum of functions for DMs: information indication, temporality, topic switch, opening markers, closing markers, turn exchange, and reform markers. This creative, flexible, and innovative approach in the construction and interpretation of discourse is substantiated through the application of pragmaticalization. So, new, creative, and context sensitive inferences about functions are substantiated for DMs and they are always being renewed, modified, and innovated substantially. Different implications in different research and educational perspectives about teaching literature, language, and different languages skills are suggested and discussed.

The ideas of Al-Hasan Al-Basri are considered among the most influential ideas on the subject of Mahdism among Muslims. Presenting his opinions in Al-Basri’s works and writings based on the traditions and special foundations of the narrative approach distinguished him from others. In the contemporary era, advertising activities in this field have increased significantly. Al-Hasan Al-Basri's reference in his writings to the approaches to hadith common among a group of hadith scholars, and also their conformity to a specific chronological sequence, is a feature of Al-Basri's extant works. In light of the doubts that exist in this area, it decides the necessity of reconsidering and reviewing this flow. Like other imams, Al-Hasan Al-Basri considered himself a beneficiary of divine knowledge. In his writings, he deals with various Qur’anic, Hadith, doctrinal, historical, jurisprudential, and Arabic literary topics. This research addressed the correct or incorrect theories of Al-Hasan Al-Basri through desk review and the descriptive analytical approach. In his writings, he deals with various Qur’anic, Hadith, doctrinal, historical, jurisprudential, and Arabic literary topics. This research addressed the correct or incorrect theories of Al-Hasan Al-Basri through desk review and the descriptive analytical approach.

Abdul Hossein Zarrīnkūb is a prominent Iranian researcher and writer whose extensive research in various fields and his tremendous power in writing and research have made him one of the remarkable contemporary researchers. One of the research methods that Zarrīnkūb uses in most of his works is "note writing," a method which has enabled the author to provide further explanations about the main text as well as presenting extra information about documentations and sources. In this manner, Zarrīnkūb has owned specific style in most of his works to the extent that a significant part of the final pages of his works is dedicated to "notes." The notes are closely related to the original text, and the investigation of their rhetorical-linguistic features makes it clear that they have given a special structure and coherence to Zarrīnkūb’s works due to the author’s unique linguistic and rhetorical explanatory style in writing marginal information, documentations and references.  This feature has made the contents of his main texts more methodical and orderly, which has become one of the components of Zarrīnkūb's personal style and research methods. This descriptive-analytical study has aimed to examine linguistic and rhetorical features of his note writing style so as to shed light on minute details that represent the writer's thought and language style in his “notes.”

The concept of "silence" in Rumichr('39')s works and poems has been one of the concepts that has attracted the attention of scholars . As we find books and articles with reflection in Rumichr('39')s research record Who have tried to explain this concept from different mystical, theological, linguistic, etc. points of view.In this research, with a critical-analytical perspective, while classifying and describing the various approaches that researchers have focused on the subject of silence and silence in the works and poems of Rumi. We will deal with the missing link of this research, that is, the lack of hermeneutic reading of silence in the works and poems of Rumi. It  of view. The hermeneutic silence by which the word of truth is reflected in the language of the mystic.

Works of past writers are considered as valuable heritage for the present and the future. Works of Culture and literature with epistemological theme are the mental input for those with thought and art as they are seen as bridges which relate our present and past and increase our knowledge. The Seljuki period is an era during which there were plenty of arts and skills in Iran. Ahmad Ghazali (died in 520) was one of the Faghis and mystics in Iran. His works that were collected by Ahmad Mojahed are among the most important works of 6th century and are as follows: Bahr-al Haghighat, Resala- al Toyoor, Savaneh, Resalat- ak Eyniyeh, Ghazali letters,Vasiat Nameh, and Maghale Rooh. These works which are in prose mixed with verse try to convey his ideas in mysticism, jurisprudence, religion, ethics, advice and sometimes in code. He made use of literary devices as allegory a lot. So to demonstrate Ghazali'z style we have to study his inclination to Ersal al Masal va Tamsil. The results show that some of the allegories are made by Ghazali himself and some others are borrowed from the previous writers. Moreover; the maximum number of allegories are found in Resaleh Eyniyeh and the minimum number of allegories are found in his letters.

Afzal al-Din Kashani is one of the great philosophers of Iran in the sixth and seventh centuries (A.H) who, just like Suhrawardi, created a philosophical system with connecting philosophy and intuition, which was not based only on abstract wisdom and pure philosophy, but also on "enlightened vigilance and wisdom”. It was precisely from such a system that a strong emphasis on "self-knowledge" and enlightenment about the nature of self as a human was created. The intellectual heritage and treatises of Baba Afzal are important and worthy of studying in many ways; Including: the extent of his knowledge and information in different fields of Islamic philosophy, Greek philosophy, literature, ethics, political philosophy, mystical teachings and even antient Iranian culture ; Simple language, explicit and free from complex and abstract metaphors and concepts of the era, and the use of Persian words and equivalents instead of Arabic ones; Paying close attention to the right way of thinking and the fundamentals of wisdom and the full application of virtues and good morals in life. this article tries to analyze the three motifs of "vigilance, wisdom and knowledge" from Baba Afzal’s point of view, based on his writings; and to show that these three terms, while being closely related to each other, are in complete contrast with elements such as negligence, obscurity, and death. The result of this research shows that in Kashani’s work, "wisdom and virtue" are two sides of the same coin which lead to "truth".

Monographie is a research that is (usually) done by an author on a single topic and the result, which is accompanied by a description and details, is presented in the form of a book, article or dissertation. Monographie research was first used by Frederick Lopele in the nineteenth century to describe workers' lives. He published the results of his research in a book entitled Workers of 1855. In Iran, monographie first began with the publication of the book "Orazan" by Jalal Al-Ahmad, then the writing of monographies took a new form. The subject of this article is also dedicated to the monographie of Mohammad Ali Eslami Nadoshan. In this Islamic article, Nadoshan is introduced, his works are classified, and then his most famous works are examined.

Abstract Hakim Hassan Mashreghi Shirazi is one of the Shia mystics and speakers of last 10th and first half of 11th AH century. there are no trace of he in biographies. Mashergi Shirazi's works; gathered in a Divan but never published; include 9 books reaching 23000 verses. The main subjects of his poems are mysticism, wisdom, preaching, morality, eulogy of Imams and etc. composed in ghazal, mathnawi, qasida, rubaʿi, piece. Hakim Hassan Mashreghi Shirazi composed Shabestan-E-Ons like Boustan Saadi and Shams-ol-Mashreghain like Khaqani's Tohfat-ol-Araghain with moral and mystic content. In this paper, using documentary study method, an overview of life and ideas is presented. At first, his life and then his works are introduced, and after which his thoughts, linguistic characteristics and style, and specially his mystical viewpoint, In theoretical mysticism, influenced by Ibn Arabi's thoughts, has been reviewed and recognized. this research can open the way for the literary value of Masherghi's Divan.

Najmal Ghani Khan Rampuri is the author of one of the most important and comprehensive Persian grammar books titled Nahjal Adab. He has many other works in Urdu and Persian. Many of them are published in the Subcontinent and are available in the Subcontinent libraries. Apart from this, he is a poet and prose writer. He is also the author of more than thirty books on religion, history, medicine and rhetoric. he is one of the great scholars of the Persian literature and language in the Subcontinent, there is little information about him in Iran. This paper introduces him and his works based on Urdu references and bibliographies.

One of the prominent and distinguished characters of Tajiki literature is Mir Sayyid Ali Hamedani who laid down a great role in the development of Tajiki mystical literature. Mir Sayyid Ali Hamedani, particularly having learnt kubraviya tariqat, the most important problems related to Sufism and following the literary mystical school of Sanai Ghaznavi, Attar Nishapuri and Mawlana Jalaliddini Rumi, actively participated in the development of mystical literature. “Chihil Asrar’’ (Forty secrets), comprising of the set of 41 Ghazal, Mathnavi “Haft vadi’’ and some Qit’aa, Rubayi, and dubayiti - are part of the poetical works, and “Chihil maqame sufiya’’, “Darveshiya’’, “Dar qaidaye sufiya’’, “Istilahate sufiya’’, “Muradat-e Devan-e Hafez’’, “Minhj ul-arifin’’, “Adab ul-mashaikh’’ and “Zakhirat ul-muluk’’ are the most important theses of Mir Sayyid Ali Hamedani which the author created them to explain his thoughts regarding the peculiarities of mystical concepts. The most important works of Mir Sayyid Ali Hamedani, including books and theses, which deal with of mystic and Sufism are introduced here and their mystical themes are explained. At the end, considering the fact that the poet follows to Khorasani style and in some points to Iraqi style in his works to keep the fluency of his Ghazals, the relation of mystical music with love themes and the artistic use of mystical and figurative themes of Sufism has been considered one of the most important characteristics of this poetry.

Anonymous poet of great poets influenced his poetry and ever a variety of research and thinking about the work he has done. This research looked at the and to as duplicate and we eat on due to lack of knowledge cause wasting money، time and hard is gone.. Because of their knowledge of previous works and new research and efficient collection of articles geological studies and books have a special place in the research. A study on the effect of Anonymous، knowing that articles about him as Vasarsh Hdyqh Alhqyqh، Syralbadaly Almad، Court and… Published.. In the name of research articles published in scholarly journals and magazines discusses scientific research، the papers will be classified in terms of thematic classification

Mirza Yousefkhan Etesamolmolk (Etesami) is a prominent Iranian author، translator and scholar of Qajar era. He is among the great men who devoted his literary life to translation and other cultural activities. His translation from western works allowed Iranian people to be acquainted with western literature. His works on Arabic language provided the opportunity for Iranian people to be familiar with contemporary Arabic works and made this capable author known to arabs. Some of his Arabic works include «Ghalaed-Al-Adab Fi Sharh –e- Atvagh-el-Zahab»، a description on «Atvagh-el-Zahab» authored by jarollah Zamakhshari، which was published in several editions and was found interesting by Arab scholars specially the Egyptian scholars. His other works include translation of Ghasem Amin''s book with the Persian title of «Tarbiat-E-Nesvan» (women''s eduction). Conducting surveys on his services and activities allows literature loving people of iran to be familiar with his cultural literary works and capabilities and this is the major goal of the authors of this essay.

Abstract Both Walt Whitman and Ahmad Shamloo are modernist poets who have commonalities in form and content in their poems. Common poetic contents such as being naturalism, humanism, paying attention to social and political issues and human body along with the soul and spirit are seen in their works. Regarding poetic styles, both of them believe in freedom from the rhyme restriction and they use rhythmic speech and make a new way in poetry. Like Whitman Shamloo brought in colloquial and conversational language to the poetry. But Shamloo paid special attention to the rich, poetical and epic language and his epic and mythical tone is affected by the texts of holy book. There are also some confrontations in their works. Most of the time Shamloo praises the heroes.This hero is sometimes a warrior and sometimes his beloved. But Walt Whitman praises not only human but also plants, animals and inanimate. Sufism in Whitman's poems is seen more than Shamloo's

Sheikh Hassan from Molan Abad (a village of Saqqez in Kurdistan province) was an obscure author, poet and theologist in Kurdistan in the end of Safavi dynasty. Unfortunately there has been no research on his life and he has been left unknown since then. While Sheikh Hassan had great effect on his society that time, his religious as well as literary piece of work are little known to people of these days. In this article we have tried to clarify some aspects of his life including:his education as well as his theological and scientific works.