جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « حج » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

Hajj is considered as one of the most important Islamic duties which has complex individual and social dimensions and has a special place in Islamic culture and civilization. For centuries, Muslims from all over the world have traveled to Mecca every year to perform the Hajj, and this great Islamic gathering is held every year in a magnificent and grand manner, and its greatness has attracted the attention of many Muslim and non-Muslim thinkers to this Muslim religious ceremony. Ali Shariati, as a Muslim intellectual, has given a special place to Hajj in his system of thought and Islamic model. The importance of Shari'a views on Hajj lies in its unique feature, namely the dominance of the ideological approach in interpreting the whole of Hajj as well as the components and stages of performing Hajj. Undoubtedly, Shariati, as a religious intellectual with ideological tendencies, has tried to present a narrative based on his Islamic ideological model in which the social, political and class dimensions of Hajj are more important than its individual and spiritual dimensions, and the individual and spiritual dimensions of Hajj. It is also considered as a kind of revolutionary self-construction in the direction of making a united and protesting human being in the field of oppression. Shariati's political view of the Hajj has transformed the Hajj from a ritual of worship into a large political community that can also be seen as a factor in the solidarity of the world's political and religious Muslims.

Hajj, as a comprehensive religious rite with unique characteristics, had a high capacity to play a role in Islamic civilization and has it now. Hajj has a special place in the intellectual system of the Supreme Leader. He considers Hajj to be “an example of a superior Islamic society and a new Islamic civilization.” This particular analogy raises the question about the relationship between these two phenomena. In other words, what are the characteristics and components of Hajj that give it such a capacity? Exploring the thought of Ayatollah Khamenei and using a descriptive-analytical method, the article attempts to answer those question. The findings of this study indicate that among the innumerous features of Hajj, the three basic characteristics of comprehensiveness, shaping cohesion and otherness play a very important role in making civilization. The most important common feature of Hajj and modern Islamic civilization is the comprehensiveness and symmetry of the material and spiritual dimensions of the two. The manifestation of spirituality in its highest form, along with the material dimensions and benefits of Hajj, has made it an example of an ideal Islamic society. In addition to this feature and many other features, the cohesiveness of Hajj, which is present in all components of Hajj, and the otherness, which is especially manifested in hating enemies of Islam (Barat), have given Hajj a high capacity of civilization.

Representation in Hajj has been discussed and argued in various contexts since the early centuries of the Islamic period. In the jurisprudential sense, representation means becoming a substitute for another person to perform a certain action, and from this point of view, it is similar to power of attorney, which also includes the concept of making possession lawful or influencing possession. According to jurisprudence, the deputy in Hajj should have the intention of becoming the deputy and the intention of the curse should be determined by the intention. If the vicegerent dies after entering ihram and entering the shrine, Hajj is permissible for him and the vicegerent, and the vicegerent will be entitled to all the rent. The rule is that it is not permissible to represent two people in one year; But this rule has two exceptions: first, representation in Hajj and second, the occurrence of coercive conditions. The result is that in case of incapacity of the person, representation in the dimensions of Hajj is separate from him. But if there is anything left from the reward after the end of the Hajj, it is a vicegerent for himself. And if the reward for completing Hajj is low, it is not obligatory to complete it on the basis of the curse, unless it is mentioned in the contract. Therefore, the present article, taking into account the above issues in a descriptive-analytical manner and relying on jurisprudential sources and narrations among Imami and Sunni jurists to the rulings, deputy and subordinate conditions regarding performing Hajj in special cases, compulsory and. .. will pay.

However, the Muslim world has always been faced with the Unifying and divisive factors But each time the unifying elements are widely emerged, and field of unity is provided. This article seeks to answer the question of: what are the Islam's internal capacities for interaction and dialogue? In the meantime the hajj is considered as a universal worship that gathers Muslims together from around the world each year in the same worship, at the same time and from the same place to be checked the capacities to establish and strengthen of interaction and dialogue in the Muslim world. Hajj has the capacity of making interact and political dialogue among the Islamic worlds with strengthen civilization identity and focusing on a common enemy. On the other hand strengthen of religious identity and social capital in Hajj boosting Muslim Community. Being Collectivity and deconstruction in the rites of Hajj, creates the interactional ritual. Moreover, moral sphere and the field of economic interaction in Hajj can be analyzed in order to expand the interaction and dialogue in the Muslim world.

With his political and social attitudes towards Hajj, Imam Khomeini (PBUH) attracted Muslim's attention to its capacities in Islamic awakening. In his messages on the occasion of Hajj, he introduced struggle with colonialism and arrogance as the spirit of Islamic awakening and notified Muslims of the forgotten political and social functions in Islamic movement and giving dignity to Muslims. From Imam Khomeini's (PBUH) point of view, hajj is an environment to learn about and clarify Islam and issues of the Islamic world and voicing disgust at the pagans are in line with giving identity and consolidate the world of Islam against atheists and arrogance as Muslim's common enemy.

According to certain Islamic traditions, it is incumbent upon a Muslim ruler to pave the ground for Muslims to perform their ritual practices, including going on a pilgrimage to Mecca. Accordingly, on the one hand, a Muslim authority has the responsibility to provide facilities for people to go on a pilgrimage to Mecca in case people stop doing it, though he has to pay the cost of this religious expedition from public treasury, no matter the cessation of the pilgrimage is due to some problems such as road safety, or the insecurity of Mecca or some sort of occasional prohibitions by local rulers or even when the pilgrims cannot afford or bear the expense of the pilgrimage or when the pilgrims can afford the pilgrimage but refuse to do it and do not act on the divine commandments. On the other hand, according to what we conclude from the argument for the authority of a Muslim jurist, a Muslim ruler has the authority over all the affairs that can ensure that Islam and Muslim community are preserved. Therefore, if there is an interest more important than that of going on a pilgrimage to Mecca with the intention of not leaving the House of God without pilgrims, the Muslim ruler can order people to suspend their pilgrimage to Mecca or make them cease to go on a pilgrimage. The noticeable contrast between this order with that of the ruler that dictates people to go on a pilgrimage expedition to Mecca can be taken a contrast between a governmental law or decree and primary judicial decree.

With his speeches and messages in hajj days, Imam Khomeini tried to introduce Islamic Awakening as the spirit of war against colonization and global arrogance and attract Muslim's attention to political and social functions of hajj to offer Muslims dignity and inspire them to start an Islamic movement. In his opinion, hajj is an atmosphere to gain knowledge about Islam and to enlighten people about Islam and issues of the Islamic world. "Disassociation with pagans" is to give identity and unity to Islamic world against pagans and colonial powers as the common enemies of Muslims. Through reinforcing civilization identity and removing ethnic discrimination and racism, hajj also increases Muslim's unity throughout the Islamic world. Imam Khomeini offers a completely political and revolutionary interpretation of ethical and spiritual rites of hajj. In addition Hajj is a very suitable opportunity to expand Islamic awakening. The faith and ethics created during hajj reflect a spirituality that can create an eternal epic.