جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « قوه مقننه » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

In recent decades, the implementation of good governance programs and reforms as a development strategy has been requested from developing countries by many international financial institutions and donor countries that are part of developed countries and introduced as the most effective development model. The purpose of the current research is to investigate the components of good governance of the legislative branch. And the research method is descriptive-analytical. The legislature is one of the important institutions in the country's macro-decision-making, considering the relationship between the legislature and the executive, the governance in the Islamic Republic can be considered a semi-presidential and semi-parliamentary system. The findings show that the principles of good governance as a development strategy create several requirements for the legislature and these requirements are examined by separating the functions of the legislature into legislative and regulatory functions. The executive branch should not be negatively affected.

Citizens' participation in legislation is the ideal goal of democracy, which in the past could be achieved through elections and face-to-face meetings. However, with the advent of information and technology, people's participation in legislation took a big leap. Now, distance, the number of audiences, and time no longer have an effect on citizens' participation in legislation. This has even been emphasized in the guideline of the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU). The main question of this is that what are the barriers and facilitators for representatives to use cyberspace, and what are the capacities of citizens' participation in legislation in the Islamic Consultative Assembly? For this research a qualitative method of grounded theory has been used. The participants were parliamentarians, and the sample, according to theoretical saturation, was 45 interviews. These interviews were analyzed using AtlasTI software. The open axes in this study were converted into eight axial codes. These codes were then categorized two main components: facilitators and barriers to the use of cyber space. The axes of network awareness, information recovery, information dissemination, and coordination were identified as facilitators. On the other hand, the axes of infrastructure weakness, inability to use, propaganda attacks, and the one-sided approach were identified as barriers. The results of the study show that in the field of official communication, parliament's website lacks the indicators considered by the World Inter-Parliamentary Union. Additionally, the official interactive facilities connected to organizational communication are not embedded within it. In the public virtual space desired results are still unreachable due to objections from the representatives.

In this article, the oversight and influence of the legislature on the executive branch in Iran and the United Kingdom have been comparatively studied. The issue of legislative oversight and influence over the executive branch in parliamentary systems is of great importance. Examining the influence and oversight of the legislature in the light of the separation of powers in systems such as the Islamic Republic of Iran with parliamentary systems such as the United Kingdom is of great importance in understanding the position of parliament and its influence and oversight of the executive. The present article is an analytical descriptive study using the library method. The results of the article indicate that in the British Parliamentary regime, the executive has several tools to influence and influence the legislature. These tools and means of influence are not all in the same power and intensity, and range from the possibility of ending the life of the legislature (dissolution of parliament) to a simple right of members of the executive to attend legislative sessions. In Britain, the executive branch has two pillars, with a head of state (king) and a head of government (prime minister or prime minister) holding all political responsibilities. The members of the government, the cabinet and the cabinet are elected from among the members of parliament, and the prime minister himself is one of the members of the House of Commons and the leader of the majority party

Legislation and creating an institution for legislation in Iran has a long history; And it refers to the processes and stages in which rules and regulations are formulated and regulated and finally becomes a law in the framework of a legal system and shapes the beneficiaries, citizens and institutions and regulates their behavior. Legislation, as a general matter, is also affected by the structures and norms of the context in which it is located, and on the other hand, through its legislation, it affects the same structure and norms. Therefore, knowing the obstacles to the realization of a good and desirable legislative system as a part of the structure of good governance can help to improve the legislative process in Iran and achieve good governance in this field. The question of the current research is, what are the priorities and requirements of the legislative process in Iran? In response to this question, the current research using the descriptive-analytical method and in the form of the theory of governance, the structural priorities of the legislative process in Iran, including the quality of legislation, the monitoring program of laws and regulations, revision policies and the formulation of laws and regulations, Reforming the system of monitoring the executive branch and increasing the protection of fundamental rights and freedoms and citizenship has been considered.

The subject of this research is to examine the approach and position of the Islamic Consultative Assembly to reduce corruption in the field of non-criminal laws. Therefore, the research question is what is the approach of the parliament to non-criminal laws in the field of anti-corruption. The hypothesis of the research is that the hypothesis of this research is that despite the minimal care of the legislature on these two issues and its sub-indicators such as transparency of the budget system, review of property and assets of officials and legal protection of corruption disclosure, sufficient attention and There is no merit for the institution in these areas. The results of the research show that although the Islamic Consultative Assembly in recent decades has paid more attention to issues such as transparency and the right of public access to information and conflict of interest, in practice what has been achieved is far from the standard and desirable conditions. The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical qualitative and the data is collected in a library method by taking notes.

In this study, while reviewing and implementing the legislative institutions in Iran and France, the process and effects of the legislature in these two c o untries were discussed. Referendums, ordinary laws and emergency la w s are all three legislative methods in Iran and France.Despite the general authority of the Islamic Consultative Assembly to legislate, the Assembly, l i k e other powers, faces limitations rooted in factors (the principle of inherent limitation of parliamentary powers, the principle of con st it u ti o n al supremacy,the principle of apparent limitation of the legislature, and formal constraints).Legislative restrictions in France, on the other hand, are in addition to formal restrictions imposed by the judiciary and the Constitutional Council. The legislature in the Iranian and French co ns ti t utions has set up an institution to oversee the law, which is called the "G u ardian Council" in the Iranian constitution and the "Constitutional Council" in the French constitution.

This article examines the place of good governance in the functioning of the legislature of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The main question of the article is how to evaluate the performance of the legislature from the perspective of good governance indicators? Therefore, the hypothesis of the article is that the formation of the legislature based on indicators such as accountability, transparency and consensus-building is relatively within the framework of the theory of good governance, but precise legal mechanisms for the establishment of transparency or accountability have not been considered. Placed. The results of the research show that although according to the constitution, legislation is only possible through two ways, the Islamic Council and the referendum, the creation of extra-legal institutions is against the principle of the rule of law and will cause the gradual collapse of the legal structure of the Islamic Republic of Democracy. The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical, and the data was collected in a library-style way and through a questionnaire.

Today, corruption and combating it are considered as a major issue in many countries around the world. The main causes of economic corruption in the public sector relate to government tenures in the economy, including trade restrictions, industrial subsidies, price control, multiple exchange rates, low wages in public and commercial services, and reserving natural resources like oil. Economic corruption reduces investment and slows the economic growth down and ultimately leads to not achieving the goals of economic development in the country. Tax revenues are reduced and the quality of economic infrastructure and public services decreases. By reforming the structure of the law, it will be possible to modify the balance between the benefits and the losses caused by financial corruption-based behavior. However, the country's legislature encounters challenges that prevent its effective functioning. This paper surveys the challenges that the legislature is faced in combating economic corruption.

With End of the Medieval Age as well as the emergence of such ideas as rationalism and humanism, not least Industrial Revolution, national self-determination and popular sovereignty led to an unique model for democracy. Urbanization and population growth problematized how to exercise popular sovereignty.
In the meanwile, parliament has been the most important institution based on popular votes, having notable functions, including legislation and oversight. However, it is difficult to govern political institutions based on majority rule, to consider minority rights, and to proceed imperatives as effectiveness, legitimacy, and political stability.
Thus, political and legal scholars have focused on legislative structure and its members, as well as its formation. It is necessary that parliament is established according to democratic principles and in terms of good governance, and effectiveness, legitimacy, and political stability is gauranted.
Uni-chamberal and multi-chamberal legislative system, way of membership in them, and way of dividing functions and powers are among measures covering above-mentioned considerations. A research on this issue can lead us to structure an appropriate constitutional law, an efficient legislative and a effective governance.

Persian Gulf region, an important strategic region since past. In this region, traditions and Arabic and Islamic values is an important part of the identity of the Arab people and their governments. This region is also very important because of the availability of fossil fuels. With income from oil and gas sales, economic modern Structure creates in the Arab countries of South Persian Gulf, but their political structure, on the base Constitutions and Legislature, remains in the form of a kingdom of traditional, conservative and hereditary families, that are not democratic. On the other hand, most Arab countries in the south of the Persian Gulf are vulnerable to internal and external factors due to their weaknesses in political structures and power. For this reason, they have tried to enter an integrate in an organization called the Gulf Cooperation Council and create a secure society. Integration is based on the legal framework of countries, So, the question is: What is the role of the Constitutions and legislatures of these countries in integration between them? For answer the question, this research use descriptive-analytical method. The results of research show that integration between countries need to democracy and democratic institutes and the Arab countries of membership of Persian Gulf Cooperation Council, on the base of traditions and Arabic and Islamic values and their Constitutions and Legislature, is not democratic, therefore integration between these countries has been stopped and is not Successful.

The legislature is responsible for three important functions such as legislation, interpretation and enforcement of normal laws and supervision over the implementation of law as one of the dominant forces in the country. The legislature suffers from some weaknesses and shortcomings, although it has gained some achievements and enjoys a lot of strengths in performing its missions. This article tries to find the ways to empower this branch by removing all barriers facing the legislature. In this regard, we will respond to the raised questions by using information collection methods including library, descriptive and analytical research. First, the author discusses the nature, structure and functions of the legislature.Then, he examines the shortcomings of legislative techniques and the weaknesses existing in organizing and monitoring the procedures of the Parliament in order to improve operational the efficiency of the Islamic Consultative Assembly the Parliament of Islamic Republic of Iran. The sources of shortcomings and weaknesses of legislature can be classified into internal factors (i.e. within the Parliament) and external factors which constitute the most important conclusion of this study, in addition to some technical and minor amendments, the comprehensive coordination of political, legal, cultural and administrative structures should also be considered to promote and strengthen the legislative system of the country.

Business social environment as one of environments of surrounding business was of great importance as a result of the economists perspective change, from emphasis on physical capital and then human capital to social capital. Despite these changes, we can say Iran governance has deemed that improving business environment is independence of promoting social capital, with looking at Development Plan Acts (fourth and fifth Plans) and Iran’s Vision 2025. This paper tries to answer these questions by the descriptive-analytical method and use of document what is the role of social capital in improving business environment? Suppose the social capital improves business environment, do state institutions can increase or decrease social capital by taking some process, making some policies and passing some acts. The latter question is important for creating a new perspective in Iran. Policy makers and legislators in Iran have accepted “the effect of state institutions on business environment”. The paper will discuss in a growing literature about the effect of state institutions on social capital and then business environment (social capital as an intermediate variable). At least, Canada and Spain’s experiences confirm the role of legislature in improving social capital is crucial. After analyzing associating social capital with business environment and the effect of state institutions on social capital, this paper will provide legislative recommendations for promoting social capital in Iran.

Regarding the most important duty of the Islamic Consultative Assembly defined by the article 71 of the Constitution, this Assembly has a general eligibility to enact laws on different issues. There are certain restrictions defined in different articles of the Constitution which are placed on the law-making duty of the Consultative Assembly. For instance, it is stated in the article 71 that the Islamic Consultative Assembly is not allowed to enact laws which are inconsistent with the official religion of the country or the Constitution. This paper seeks to point out to these restrictions and show how this general eligibility is limited by legal principles. It is clear that explaining this issue through defining the relations of the Assembly with the other powers, especially executive power, and solving the legal problems of the political system are of great significance. Though this assembly has general eligibility in law-making, it – like the other powers – is subject to restrictions due to the governance of law. These restrictions have their roots in essential restrictions of the jurisdiction of the Assembly in law-making, the principle of superior position of the Constitution, the structural restrictions of the Assembly and eligibility of other authorities to make laws.

The regional studies discipline (which considers regions as connecting links between nation-states to the grand level of the international system) studies conflict, war, crisis, cooperation and integration among the countries located in a region. To study the characteristics of the countries found in a region needs a model. The author suggests a pre-model for comparative study of regional constitutional law system. In this article model, ten items have to be examined about any country separately and then all of them should be studied comparatively. The items for examination include political regime and governmental system, the situation of separation of powers, limits and origin of the legislature's authority, limits and origin of the executive's authority, limits and origin of the judiciary's authority, party and electoral systems, basic individual rights, public civil liberties, governmental institutions, protection of constitution, method of revision in constitution and the general form of the political-legal system's structure.

The impact of legislative on the formulation of/ and or decision-making in various countries are different. In this article, a primary attempt is made to survey this impact, from both legalist prism and theoretical. In the second subsection of the paper, a historical account was presented. In this historical account, the legislative role in foreign policy of a few countries was surveyed.