جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « کرونا » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

One of the most important issues raised by the outbreak of the COVID-19 Pandemic is its impact on political philosophy. The pandemic opened an antagonistic space regarding the existing components of political philosophy and challenge them. In fact, the COVID-19 Pandemic provided a critical platform for questioning the established norms and prompted discussions on the necessity of rethinking and re-evaluating them. The purpose of this article is to answer the fundamental question of how the COVID-19 Pandemic has created an antagonistic space for the elements of modern political philosophy.

The method used in this article is the critical method. Critical theory seeks to develop and expand the understanding and awareness that penetrates beyond surface appearances to the depth of reality in order to increase the power of correct recognition of people, especially the powerless or subjugated classes. The critical aspect of this article allows the author to present the relations emerging from the COVID-19 in human societies as unacceptable and replaceable. This method helps to identify and challenge social and cultural issues in society and is effective in improving and developing human relations during pandemics. The information gathering method is both library-based and internet-based.

Among the most important challenges that COVID-19 has posed to the new political philosophy are the questioning of concepts such as rationalism, humanism and individualism, which have been temporarily challenged by the pandemic. It can be said that this virus embodies the friend/enemy distinction and Schmitt's narrative of the political in the context of the COVID-19 situation presented itself in the form of a confrontation between the coronavirus and humanity. Humanity, once perceived as dominant over nature and the world, has been rendered weak and powerless by the virus. Furthermore, rationalism and scientism of philosophy of modernity which held that humanity, through these principles, could intervene in all matters and solve its problems independently of the external world, have also been brought into conflict by the pandemic. COVID-19 has highlighted the weaknesses and limitations of human reason. Categories such as artificial intelligence have easily been able to fit themselves in the clothes of the enemy of human reason, and as Farid Zakaria points out, during the pandemic, we have come to worship artificial intelligence like a God. Therefore, despite the abundant services of science and rationality to mankind, COVID-19  has reminded us that they still have undeniable limitations and cannot be the sole solutions to human problems.

The danger of COVID-19 highlights the risks of technological manipulation of human and natural resources, using calculative and computational reasoning as a tool for the economic benefit and overall utility of dominant powers. Environmental destruction is an act of violence against nature, leading to humanity's self-destruction through the creation of pandemics that challenge human life. Therefore, attempts to prevent or resolve the riddle of pandemics require something more than the calculative and computational knowledge of modernity.

It is clear that the spread of infectious diseases causes crises and emergencies in many cases, and the government, considering that it has the broadest duties and powers in the face of a pandemic, the violation of which will result in all kinds of responsibilities of the government. Therefore the purpose of this research is to study the duties of the government, especially in the recent covid-19 pandemic, which was done with a descriptive and analytical method. According to international covenants and principles of the constitution, the health of the society should be responsible for the management of the crisis conditions caused by the pandemic, and in case of non-commitment to the duty, it brings all kinds of responsibilities of the government. It can also be defined as preventive measures, treatment measures and pandemic control, as well as support measures, especially for vulnerable groups, including the duties of the government.

Health diplomacy is one of the aspects of modern diplomacy that has become popular in many countries of the world after the coronavirus pandemic. The purpose of this article is to examine the role of health diplomacy in maintaining and continuing China's economic growth as the coronavirus spreads in the country and the world. The main question is how did health diplomacy help China maintain its economic growth while other countries struggled with a recession? The main hypothesis of the research is that the functions of health diplomacy, such as increasing relations with other states, restoring international prestige, creating opportunities for economic benefits through export development, etc., helped China to maintain its economy dynamic. A qualitative method with an analytical-explanatory approach was applied for research and a library method was used for data collection. The findings show that China has achieved the following goals in the light of health diplomacy: it has gained new markets in developing countries; it has created international prestige for this country. It has portrayed a responsible and benevolent role from Beijing. As a result of these policies, the desire to buy health goods made in China increased in 2020, and China exports increased.

The main issue of this article is about the relationship of work and Coronavirus and the changes and transformations that have been created in the field of work due to the occurrence of this global risk and, as a result, have transformed the role of the government; changes that, according to Ulrich beck's interpretation, by removing the standards and certainties of work, such as working in a specific place as a factory or an office and during specific hours of the day, have caused the destandardization of work and turned the global society into a risk global society and caused citizens to rethink the internal and international role of governments. Indeed, Coronavirus By forcing governments to adopt policies such as quarantine, forced suspension of jobs, limiting social interactions and reducing relations with other countries not only led to the closure of many businesses and unemployment of many people, but also by creating the need for a decisive role of the government in order to support different classes of different societies around the world to deal with this pandemic, it widened the scope of government's influence and the field of its social interventions. So, according to the findings of the research, which are the result of documentary studies by using the historical-adaptive approach to compare two different types of government in China and the United States, it can be inferred that with the outbreak of Corona, the liberal model of government is being replaced by a stronger government that is not a type of Chinese authoritarianism, but is an embedded liberalism that combines economic freedom with domestic social support. Some Important works have been written about the political and social consequences of Corona, among which we can mention Francis Fukuyama's article (2020) entitled "Pandemic and Political Order". The author claims that this crisis, like other global crises such as: The Great Recession, World Wars, the 11th September attack, has special consequences which its political dimensions are even more important than its economic effects; Therefore, this pandemic can lead to the intensification of nationalism, isolationism and an attack to the liberal political order. Farhad zivyar and reza khodabandelou(2019) in an article entitled " corona and reproduction of authoritarianism in democratic states" claim that successful experience of authoritarian states such as china in dealing with coronavirus can turn the global desire in to the accumulation and concentration of power and therefore, the closure of democratic space. But what distinguishes this article from other works that have been written in this field is its focus on the work and risks that have occurred in this arena by the occurrence of Corona that has changed the citizen's attitude about the role of government and the philosophy of its existence. In addition, although these works give priority to authoritarian states in drawing the political order of the post-coronavirus world, in this article, authoritarianism has its own criticisms that reveal the necessity of moving towards a middle path in the frame of embedded liberalism. So, it can be concluded that although since four decades ago, the best government is the one that restricts its field of intervention in society and only provides military security in the country, but in the risk situation, not only governments have found an opportunity to expand their interventions in the society, but also citizens have come to the conclusion that their egalitarianism concerns and their comprehensive security may be more important than their liberal desires. So, they prefer governments that deal with this pandemic and its harmful effects in different aspects with a wider range of power. The weak performance and inefficiency of the United States of America as the leader of the neoliberal agenda of the role and duties of the government on the one hand and the success of Chinese authoritarianism in dealing with this pandemic, verifies the accuracy of this matter. Of course, it does not mean that the Chinese authoritarian system is uncritical and perfect and its acceptance by other countries in the post-corona world is inevitable; Because China, due to the special features of its political system, such as complete controlling the flow of information, may be condemned of intervening the private sphere and totalitarianism. Therefore, it seems that balance is a requirement of dynamism, and this dynamism can be seen in the performance of Denmark government, which seeks to create a balance between international economic freedom and domestic social protection. So it's possible that the political order in the post-Corona world should be based on an embedded liberalism that maintains its economic independence and stands on its own feet in the international arena despite being affected by the flow of global communications and exchanges.

Undoubtedly, one of the most important crises and challenges of the current century is the spread of the Corona pandemic, which has severely affected the lives of people and relations between governments. The interesting thing about the spread of this epidemic was the way different countries dealt with this phenomenon. In fact, each of the countries has tried to manage this crisis in some way according to their facilities and capacities and the scope of the conflict. In this regard, the present article tries to answer the question "How did the Islamic Republic of Iran and the United States of America perform in dealing with the Corona virus by comparing the confrontation between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the United States of America?"

In order to answer the mentioned question, a combination of analytical descriptive method and comparative study method as well as the theory of institutionalism has been used as a theoretical framework.

In general, the comparison of the two countries of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the United States of America in the face of the corona virus indicates the existence of some similarities and differences in the performance of the two countries.

Despite the existence of some similarities between the performance of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the United States of America in the fight against the corona virus, such as management weaknesses in the initial reaction, the establishment of protocols and preventive measures, vaccine production, but the Islamic Republic of Iran by creating Cohesion at the macro level of official institutions, as well as interaction and synergy between official and unofficial institutions, and optimal use of the capacities of international institutions, especially after the new government came into office, was able to achieve a partial control of the corona disease in the country. But the United States of America, due to the lack of coherence in the official institutions and also the inability to create coordination and synergy between its official and unofficial institutions in dealing with Corona, but also because of the gap and mistrust between those two institutions, despite the administration of the government New (Biden) in America is at the top of the number of patients and deaths caused by Corona in the world.

In recent years, the Globalization approach has become a powerful theory in International Relations discussions and has keep out the National States theories but spreading of coronavirus pandemic in recent month and involving all countries and international organizations around the world, challenged globalization and its beliefs. The main issue and questions about this event is how it will influenced National State theory and how we can reach a clear result about globalization challenges. The most of articles have published in recent days, discus about empowering the national state theory by this pandemic. COVID-19 recalls the vital role of States for watching and looking after their citizen’s needs; especially in security and daily needs and also, failure of international organizations in this case. In this pandemic, national states performance was better than International Organizations like European Union (EU) or World Health Organization (WHO). This effective performance on struggle with the pandemic, revivals national state importance in international relations theories and will change some parts of international economic and political structure. It seems Realistic theories in international relations will be more validated and globalists have to answer lots of questions about this failure in protecting people all around the world against the coronavirus pandemic.

The worldwide outbreak of the COVID-19 has turned the need to pursue health diplomacy into an undeniable reality in developing countries, especially Iran. Inconsistent, short-term, and intermittent attempts have been made for this purpose in Iran; however, the goals and plans of Iran’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs are not still clear and appraisable. This study aims to determine the requirements and challenges that Iran faces to adopt a kind of successful and efficient diplomacy. In this regard, the research hypothesis emphasizes the role and importance of health diplomacy in Iran’s foreign policy as a requirement to relieve distrust and tension in relations with other countries, something which is considered a challenge. Therefore, a qualitative explanatory-analytical approach was used in this study. Moreover, a desk method was employed to collect the necessary data from two groups of printed and electronic sources in order to purposefully answer the main research question. According to the findings, Iran should consider a series of political and economic requirements in its foreign policy to benefit from a kind of successful health diplomacy. In fact, Iran’s most important requirements were identified as perceiving the importance and position of health diplomacy, formulating strategic plans, training professional diplomats, relieving tensions, and building trust. However, the most prominent international challenges were identified as distrust in Iran, uneasy and tense foreign relations, and the presence of powerful rivals on both regional and international scales. Furthermore, the domestic challenges were classified as content-related, structural, cultural, governance-related, economic, and process-related problems.

The corona virus has changed all aspects of human life. As some speak of the world and the afterlife. In other words, the world will return to before Corona. The main purpose of this article is Corona's influence on political philosophy and the philosopher’s approach to Corona, both at the macro level and at the micro level and time concepts. Explaining that political philosophy is a response to the crises of our time. For this reason, current thinkers have given a philosophical explanation of Corona, given the effects of Corona on all aspects of human life on a global scale. In fact, Corona has challenged the fundamental themes of political philosophy, such as good and evil, happiness and virtue, the nature of governments, lifestyles and equality, and the status of religion. Consumption, the type of government, soft power, biotourism, etc. have been confronted with new perspectives and theories. However, philosophical conflicts over the effects of Corona, from statehood to the collapse of the state, capitalism to the decline of the capitalist system, science and technology to the contradiction with technology, and so on, continue.

Infectious and viral diseases are progressing in the community, for which vaccination is considered the best way. Because the vaccine, in addition to its disease properties, promotes health in the community. It also has a quick effect. Among the cases that are considered for natural vaccination, it is safe, but it is where many reactions have been known against it and it has led to many opponents. Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that range from the common cold virus to the causes of more serious illnesses such as SARS, Mers, and Covid. Had. These viruses are naturally found in mammals and birds . So far, however, seven corona viruses transmitted from animals to humans have been discovered. In December 2019, for the first time in the city of Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, a new strain of the coronavirus was identified among humans, among the first to develop Were infected with the virus; It turned out that two-thirds of them with the wholesale market of Hwanan seafood, where live animals are also sold.

Migrant smuggling has a special trend and position in different countries, and a lot of government funds are spent on preventing and fighting this phenomenon. Some countries, such as England, are facing this phenomenon because they are located in the center of Europe. In this regard, there are special supports to support immigrants in this country both in normal conditions and in special conditions. Special supports in this country due to the conditions of Russia's military action against Ukraine and the Corona epidemic are a very important trend in this country. The country has created. In this research, the library method to access the solutions available in this country is discussed.

Human society throughout history has faced numerous calamities such as wars, natural disasters, and contagious diseases which have left behind lots of victims. Good or bad functions of the states in managing these events have played a decisive role in increasing or decreasing the number of victims, so it seems necessary to establish the duties of the Islamic state toward these events. Although in some researches mentions have been made to the duties of the states in this regard, this article seeks to establish the primary rule of the states’ duties toward the contagious diseases drawing upon the proofs of fiqh. Furthermore, apart from the government proofs of the guardianship of Muslim jurisconsult, the article tries to establish the states’ duties, drawing inspiration from the proofs of the necessity of prevention of constraint, the acquisition of its preliminaries, necessary measures as well as the necessity of taking care of the Muslims’ affairs. The result of the research reveals that, according to the primary rule, when the society is threatened by a contagious disease, it is incumbent upon the Islamic state to do whatever it can, to take necessary measures to prevent the spread of the disease in the society – no matter what it does may result in denying individuals’ freedom, business closure, closure of gatherings and religious ceremonies –, in order to resolve the economic problems caused by the spread of the disease and in line with the mentioned effective measures to fight disruptions.

Participation in the elections of the 11th term of the Islamic Consultative Assembly is not only less than the previous 10 terms, but also less than other elections in the country. Accordingly, the present study has been prepared with the aim of application and analytical-descriptive method through exploratory studies. In order to measure the effectiveness of each of the indicators, 30 experts were selected to form and form a target group of experts, consisting of university professors and experts. Analysis of data from research indicators using SPSS software showed that the decrease in participation in the 11th parliamentary elections was not a single cause and a combination of different causes and factors intertwined and affected in different areas with different impact. Is. Indicators of indifference and shortcomings of the 10th parliamentarians in the face of slogans and claims of representation, non-institutional political election competition based on the idea of ​​eliminating rivalry between political parties and factions, indecision of CFT and Palermo bills and non-membership in the FATF limit Their preferred candidates, the recognition of elections and sanctions, and their consequences have had the greatest impact on the economy, politics, and the cost of running the country.

The United States is increasingly using economic sanctions to achieve its foreign policy goals. It imposes sanctions unilaterally or through influence in the UN Security Council on countries that challenge its goals and aspirations. One of the countries that has been subject to the most severe US economic sanctions for more than 40 years is the Islamic Republic of Iran. In corona pandemic conditions US sanctions did not diminish despite the opposition of most countries, and this affected health security in the Islamic Republic of Iran, which to show the hostile approach of the United States against the Islamic Republic of Iran can indicate the importance and necessity of the issue. Therefore, the purpose of writing this article is to answer the question: In the context of the Corona pandemic, what effect has the unilateral US sanctions against the Islamic Republic of Iran had on the health security of the citizens of the Islamic Republic of Iran? In response to the question, the hypothesis is that US unilateral sanctions against the Islamic Republic of Iran during the coronavirus epidemic have affected the health care system and the health security of Iranian citizens and the Islamic Republic of Iran faced a serious problem in controlling the epidemic. Research findings show; Economic sanctions are an important tool in US foreign policy, and ethical standards and humanitarian considerations have not affected the country's non-application of sanctions and in the context of the Corona epidemic, US economic sanctions have affected health security in...

China has actively pursued health diplomacy in the post-Corona era. The current research investigates the goals, motives and functions of Chinese health diplomacy. China's motivation is politico-economic, its goal is soft power, and its function is economic-political advantages. This research follows a qualitative method and analytical-explanatory approach. Research data was collected from the press and digital sources. The findings show that China's health diplomacy, unlike during the Cold War, is no longer influenced by ideology, and that the country pursues economic-political targets. Beijing has used health diplomacy to promote its soft power in the world over the past three decades, especially after the global coronavirus outbreak. The United States and Europe’s negligence of Africa’s medical needs has led China to expand its health diplomacy in most African countries. The African demand for provide preventive equipment during the coronavirus outbreak, as well as the provision of vaccines in 2021, created unique opportunities for Beijing.

The purpose of this research was to study the managerial performance of world sports organizations in the corona virus crisis and exploit superior experiences for the future similar situations. For this, a comparative study method was used. This research sought to answer the question of how the sport organizations acted during the pandemic in Iran and other countries. The study population was public and private sports organizations of the top 20 countries in the field of sports industry in addition to Iran (N = 21) whose performance during the pandemic era was published in the world media. For this purpose, all relevant news and reports published in the world news agencies were analyzed. All collected data were categorized, and interpreted using George Brady's four-step model. The results showed that the performance of sports organizations was divided into two general parts: a) activities related to sports and b) activities related to social responsibility of organizations. The findings showed that there were similarities and differences between countries in the performance of their sports organizations. Meanwhile, Iranian sports organizations did not perform well in most aspects of support activities compared to other countries, so in the future, the managers of these organizations need to use the world experience in crisis management and develop flexible and responsive planning to deal with future crises. In this regard, managers need to put the possibility of training their staff to deal with future crises on their agenda.

With the advent of corona, various aspects of human life were transformed and affected and faced with serious challenges. One of the levels affected by corona is criminal justice, especially in the field of juvenile delinquency. The important effects of Corona on the issue of juvenile criminal justice are related to the rate of crime, the quality of prosecution and response to crimes, and the enforcement of legal guarantees for juvenile delinquents and the rights and requirements to be observed in relation to children deprived of their liberty during Corona. Therefore, this article seeks to answer the question of how the Corona virus affects the criminal justice system in terms of juvenile delinquency rates, requirements and requisites governing the accountability system and requirements for protection of juveniles deprived of liberty in Iran and the United States of America. This article will try to answer the research questions by descriptive and analytical method and by using library resources and statistics published in the media or obtained from official sources by a researcher with a comparative study in the United States. According to studies and measures taken in Iran and the United States, the conclusion is that reducing the rate of crimes committed during the corona in terms of crime rates, adopting a soft responding system, including mechanisms to reduce the criminal population, such as suspending criminal prosecution, criminal mediation, Suspension of punishment, community-based punishment in terms of the requirements of the accountability system, use of appropriate measures to ensure the health of prisoners, providing virtual connections for education and meeting with parents in terms of support for children and adolescents deprived of liberty with The intensity and variability of the variables in the two legal systems is one of the most important developments affecting the corona in the area in question in the field of criminal justice for children and adolescents in Iran and the United States.

As one of the substantial factors influencing the persuasion of social structure during great crises, social capital plays a vital role in accelerating the implementation and effectiveness of policies adopted to control crisis. In this respect, this study aimed to examine the role of social capital in the level of satisfaction with government performance in COVID–19 control policy-making. The statistical population of the study comprised all citizens of Tehran. The Cochrane formula was used to determine the sample size, which amounted to 400. The study relied on multistage cluster sampling to choose the participants in 22 districts of Tehran in Iran. Having been collected by a researcher-made questionnaire, the data was processed through SPSS software with one-sample t-tests, Pearson Correlation, multivariate linear regression, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The findings indicate that citizens living in Tehran have a moderate level of satisfaction with government performance in controlling COVID–19. Moreover, the lowest satisfaction mean value was associated with supply chain management and access to health items while the highest mean value of satisfaction pertained to the constraints and social distancing. There was a high correlation between the variable of social capital and satisfaction with government performance in COVID–19 control (R=0.552), and it can predict 30.3% of satisfaction variances. The results show that the variable of trust was the most important predictor of satisfaction with government performance in  COVID–19 control.

The main purpose of this article is to analyze the conceptual metaphor of Corona in the Afghan media and the type of human cognition and interpretation of this invisible concept. The abstract concept of Corona is linguistically represented in the Afghan media in the structure of various things and phenomena, such as the enemy, human, plant, and so on. In this article, descriptive-analytical method has been used. The main question that has been answered is how the abstract concept of Corona is represented and interpreted in the Afghan media based on Corona-related headlines (in the Hasht-e Subh [8 am] Daily). The findings show that the most common conceptual metaphor of Corona in the Afghan media, especially in the Corona-related headlines of the Hasht-e Subh Daily, is the conceptual metaphor of "the Corona is the enemy". This metaphor is one of the newest and also the main conceptual metaphors of Persian language in the field of medicine. The conceptual metaphor of "Corona is the enemy" is considered a structural metaphor in terms of metaphorical types; structural metaphors are the representation of one concept based on the structure of another concept.

Today, computer games have become one of the most demanded goods in the world, to the extent that it has surpassed the cinema industry in terms of income and is evolving and developing every year, now with the expansion of urbanization and increasing urban population, new means of communication They have changed the lifestyle of the city dwellers and it can even be said that they have created a new culture. So urban policy should be towards normalizing life and taking the city out of various crises. In the meantime, smartphones have played a very important role in changing the behavior of some citizens and have taken them out of the way of normal life to the point that they spend a lot of time with people of all ages. Android games that are installed on these devices have caused many teenagers and young people to turn to this tool to use Android games. Something that today has become a tool to achieve the goals of some countries to make them for the group, they send to a certain class or country. But the onset of the corona epidemic in late 2019 has led to widespread use of the tool by young people and adolescents. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to examine Android games in the Corona era and the possibilities of post-Corona, in addition to the problems of the Corona epidemic, what should be considered in urban policy. This study aims to evaluate the spread of computer games. Is in the corona and post-corona eras and the policy is transient towards the future. The research method is field and with the completion of 190 questionnaires, a one-sample t-test was used to analyze the data. And young people were approved by parents (significance level is less than 0.05) and parents believed that Corona caused children to use Android games a lot, which by reducing the distance from sports, physical fitness decreased and their social isolation increased. Has found and Android games have become a factor for their enjoyment. This is while they have stated that the rate of social interaction (with a coefficient of -2.07) is moderate (less than the desired limit, ie the number 3). Adolescents and young people in the post-corona are likely to return to normal playtime, and in the post-corona the possibility of normalizing social interaction, getting out of isolation, substituting healthy pleasures, physical fitness, and high-level control, and more. Is from the average.