کرونا

In addition to affecting the health sector, Corona had many legal effects. The purpose of this article is to examine the application of the effects of the Corona outbreak as an example of the Cairo power from the perspective of Iranian, French and Vienna Convention 1980.

The research method is descriptive and analytical and this research is theoretical.

Ethical Considerations: 

In all stages of writing the present research, while respecting the originality of the texts, honesty and trustworthiness have been observed.

From the point of view of Iranian law, if the occurrence of corona is permanent, it has caused the forced dissolution of the contract and its effect is only looking to the future. If it is impossible to get rid of Corona, the power of Cairo will be realized. But it does not consider the element of being exhausting or unavoidable as the proof of Cairo. Also, from the point of view of all three mentioned systems, the permanence of the corona will cause the obligation to fall.

In all three legal systems, if the non-fulfillment of the obligation is due to the authority of Cairo, the obligee will be exempted from paying damages. Of course, in the judicial system of Iran and France, the fulfillment of the conditions of Cairo in the situation of the spread of Corona will be with judicial authority.

The educational teachings of the Quran are not only multi-dimensional in terms of subject matter, but also include various social conditions in order to be effective. The purpose of this article is to identify and analyze that group of Quranic teachings, not paying attention to them caused the social and economic problems to become more severe during the Corona epidemic crisis. These verses are evaluated in the context of interpretations of Islamic Denominations. The research method is descriptive-analytical. This article is based on the information collected from the text of the Quran and using subject lists and Quran research software. The findings were organized in three areas: social relations, public health and healthy economy. In general, the Shiite interpretations have an explanatory and justifiable insight into the teachings of the Quran and have tried to explain the rational and scientific reasons for these rulings, and the Sunni interpretations have tried to introduce these rulings to Muslims with a clear and obvious classification. The most important things in the Holy Quran to contain crises like the Corona epidemic are prior preparation, respect for human rights, and individual and collective health.

With the spread of the corona disease, the relations of education changed and it was not possible for students to attend in school. For this reason, at first, trainings were started through television, and then virtual training systems and platforms such as Shad were designed. Based on this; The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of the "Iran Television School" program on the academic performance of students with the mediation of academic motivation during the Corona period. The research method was a correlational survey. The statistical population includes all sixth grade students (1038 students) of Kordkuy city in the year 1400-1401, and 343  students were selected as a statistical sample using proportional stratified random sampling. To collect data, two standard questionnaires of academic performance by Pahm and Tyler (1999) and educational motivation by Guy, Marsh and Dawson (2005) were used. Pearson correlation coefficients and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data. The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between the amount of watching TV school with academic motivation and academic performance. In fact, the television school program has been able to use different methods, including; Creating an appropriate environment and decor, using a capable presenter, among attractive programs, employing teachers with a history and experience, using up-to-date  equipments and educational videos to increase the attention of your audience to education, attracting and motivating them to study. So that students can engage in their educational activities with increased ability.

To investigate the role of health news of news agencies in informing Tehrani female students during the Corona period.

The research is applied in terms of purpose and of the survey type, which was used to collect data from a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population consists of all the female students of Refah Faculty in 2023, 273 students were selected by stratified random sampling method. In order to calculate the validity, Cronbach's alpha questionnaire was used from some professors and experts and the reliability supervisor, and the items were confirmed (alpha = 0.93). Regression and ANOVA tests have been used to test research hypotheses (10 hypotheses).

According to the results regarding the age variable, 75.1% of the respondents are in the age range of 20-30 years old and accounted for the highest frequency, and only 0.7% of the female students are over 50 years old. 89% of students are studying at the undergraduate level. About 72.6% of students are single and 27.4% are married. About 76.8 percent of the respondents are not employed and 23.2 of them are employed. 85.3% of students live in Tehran province and 14.7% of students are studying in Tehran. 38.9% of the respondents are studying in their fourth academic year and 13.9% are studying in the first year of university with the least frequency It indicates that the health news of the news agencies in the research variables include knowledge of ways to prevent corona, health behaviors towards corona, nutrition culture, personal protection, timely visit to the doctor in case of corona, use of herbal products affecting Corona, complying with quarantine during the Corona era, changing the shopping behavior pattern from face-to-face to online, carrying out vaccination and raising awareness among Tehrani female students play a significant role, and in other words, there is a significant relationship between the variable of health news of news agencies and other variables of the research.

It should be mentioned that since some of the respondents stated that they are not familiar enough with the news agencies, it is necessary for the news agencies to put appropriate information on their agenda in order to familiarize the people of the society with their mission and social responsibility. Considering the growing trend of informing through different media and the mission of news agencies to produce news content for other media, it is suggested: since the statistical population of this study is only female students; It is suggested to use a larger statistical community in future researches to measure the impact of news agencies on informing the audience. Mixed methods or qualitative methods should also be used to measure the impact of news agencies on informing the audience. The impact of news agencies on informing the audience in other fields, including economic, political, social and cultural, should be investigated. The comparison between the impact of news agencies on different groups of society should be investigated. Considering the importance of information in times of crisis, it is suggested to investigate the impact of news agencies in different crises, and based on the performance and points of improvement, a written program should be developed to make news agencies more effective.

This study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the social dimensions of mourning during the Covid-19 pandemic. The sources or statistical society of this research includes all the qualitative and quantitative research, published both in the Persian and in English, conducted on the social dimensions of mourning during the Covid-19 between December 2019 and May 2023. Based on the entry-exit criteria of the articles, 287 articles were obtained, and after searching, screening and qualitative evaluation of the studies, at the end of the final synthesis, 28 articles were selected. According to the findings of this research, 71.43% of the selected articles were done by qualitative methods and 28.57% by quantitative methodologies. The most used tool was the interview with which 60.71% of the articles had been done. Regarding the practical solutions and suggestions extracted from the studies, the highest frequently suggested approach was the emphasis on the necessity of developing a culture of condolence and virtual mourning and memorial ceremonies to support the survivors (32.14%). Also, the highest level in the distribution of categories was related to the category of disruption in the process of mourning rituals which was 21.43%. The results of this research show that people's reaction to bereavement during the Covid-19 pandemic is closely related to social and cultural aspects, and despite the importance of the social aspects of bereavement and health, more attention has been paid to its psychological and physical aspects.

The family is the primary setting for the transmission of vocabulary, cultural heritage, and moral values to individuals, and thus, it serves as the initial ground for the formation of meaning. Families are at the forefront of major events and cultural transformations. One of the most significant events of the contemporary era, which affected all aspects of human life, particularly the family unit, was the COVID-19 pandemic. During this time, Iranian families experienced shifts in meaning that differed from those previously shaped over decades. This study aims to investigate changes in the meaning and function of the family during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Given the complexity of qualitative analysis on a large scale, this study specifically focuses on Tehran, Iran. The research employed a descriptive phenomenological approach. The sample comprised 17 households selected from various areas across Tehran between 2020 and 2021, using theoretical sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using Moustakas’ coding method.

Based on the qualitative analysis, transformations in family structure and function during the pandemic can be categorized as follows: family restructuring (in both dynamic and receptive forms), revealing previously hidden family dynamics, disociation of family members, virtualization of family functions, and reconsideration of family values.

The findings indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic led individuals to deeply reconsider the structure, values, and roles within the family. This process, influenced by social distancing, increased use of virtual space, fear of mortality, and the disruption of daily life, resulted in substantial changes to the concept, expectations, and practices of family life. Additionally, it uncovered aspects of family dynamics that had previously been neglected or suppressed.The main issue of this study is to examine the transformations in the meaning of family during the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated changes. However, as broad qualitative research on a large scale is not feasible, this study specifically focuses on the city of Tehran. This paper employs a descriptive phenomenological method. The sampling for this research was theoretical, involving 17 families selected from various areas of Tehran between 2020 and 2021. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews, and the data were analyzed using the Mustakas coding method.Based on the qualitative findings of this research, the transformations in the meaning of family during the pandemic can be summarized as follows: family reconstruction, the revelation of hidden aspects of family, alienation within the family, the virtualization of various family dimensions, and the inefficacy of different facets of the family. The results of this study indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic led to profound changes in the concept and structure of family, prompting individuals to reassess their relationships, values, and family roles, thereby shaping a new experience of family life

In recent years, the countries on the southern coast of the Persian Gulf have been making progress in various fields. Among them is the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The UAE, especially Dubai, ranks first globally in some development indicators. Along with other countries in the region like Qatar and Saudi Arabia, the UAE has responded to global trends and adjusted its relations accordingly. Therefore, by joining two major international and regional organizations, the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), the UAE has sought to achieve economic development. Given its significant role in regional and trans-regional affairs, studying the economic development of the UAE and the key indicators that influence it is of great importance, particularly as the global pandemic posed a challenge to the country's economy. The aim of the current study is to examine the key indicators of the UAE's economic development and its recovery from the economic crisis caused by COVID-19, relying on neoliberalism theory. The main research question is: What are the key indicators of the UAE's economic development, and how have these indicators contributed to overcoming the COVID-19 crisis? The findings suggest that indicators such as GDP growth, non-oil revenues (including non-oil trade, tourism, and foreign investment), growth of the Human Development Index (HDI), innovation in business and industrial technologies, and low unemployment rates have contributed to the country's economic development. Economic development driven by these indicators has facilitated the UAE to navigate through the COVID-19 crisis. This study uses a descriptive-analytical method and relies on library research for its findings.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between positive psychological characteristics and parent-child interaction with children's Corona anxiety. The research method was a correlation survey. The statistical population included the parents of primary school students in the 2nd district of Tabriz in 1399-1400. Using systematic random sampling, 380 people were selected and Rashid's Positive Psychological Characteristics Questionnaire, Pianta's Parent-Child Relationship Questionnaire, and Corona Alipour's Anxiety Questionnaire were used to collect data. Multiple regression analysis showed that positive psychological characteristics and parent-child interaction can predict the changes related to children's Corona anxiety. Among the predictor variables, except the pleasant life variable, other variables had a significant relationship with the anxiety caused by Corona. Also, the relationship between responsible life, meaningful life, and closeness factor was negative with anxiety caused by Corona, and the relationship between conflict and dependency factor was positive with anxiety caused by Corona.

The present study was carried out to investigate the attitudes towards virtual learning and its relationship with job motivation and self-efficacy among physical education teachers in Ahvaz during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research method was correlational, and the statistical population consisted of all physical education teachers in districts one to four of Ahvaz during the 2020-2021 academic year. From this population, a sample of 244 teachers was selected using convenient sampling. They were assessed using the Virtual Learning Attitude Questionnaire (Vatanparast et al., 2016), Teachers' Sense of Efficacy Scale (Tschannen-Moran & Woolfolk Hoy, 2001), and the Job Motivation Questionnaire (Lodahl & Kejner, 1965). The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis with SPSS version 22 and AMOS version 20. The results showed that the mean scores for attitudes towards virtual learning, job motivation, and self-efficacy among physical education teachers in Ahvaz were at the expected level. There was a positive and significant relationship between attitudes towards virtual learning and the components of job motivation and self-efficacy. However, there was no significant relationship between attitudes towards virtual learning and the self-confidence component of physical education teachers in Ahvaz. Path analysis results also indicated that the research model had a good fit. The findings of the study demonstrated that positive attitudes towards virtual learning increase job motivation and self-efficacy among physical education teachers in Ahvaz.

The coronavirus pandemic has created a socio-economic crisis that has affected the workforce, including those in the informal economy, especially women peddlers. Based on this, the aim of the research is to analyze the lived experience of women street vendors in Tehran subway from the social and economic consequences of the Corona crisis. This research was conducted in a qualitative manner and with a descriptive phenomenological approach. Based on the theoretical saturation criterion, fourteen female street vendors of Tehran subway participated in this study. Semi-structured interview method was used to collect information. In order to analyze the interviews, the Collaizi method was used. The findings indicate that the lived experience of female peddlers in Tehran subway when facing the corona crisis can be classified in the form of five main themes (difficult and fragile living conditions, social exclusion, perceived injustice, job consequences and psychological injuries). According to the results of the research, in order to organize the situation of female peddlers inside the subway, especially in the conditions of the corona pandemic, permanent or mobile markets should be established and areas for their establishment should be built.

The spread of Corona, with emphasis on social distancing, caused social interactions within ethnic contexts to undergo changes in terms of quantity and quality. Based on this, the current research is focused on the phenomenology of the lived experience of Borujerd city Lak-speakers of social interactions after facing the Corona outbreak. The current phenomenological research has used the Moustakas technique to analyze the data. The number of 16 samples was selected purposefully and until theoretical saturation, and the data was collected by in-depth interview method. Collaborative observation (10 field observations) was also used to collect more data. Based on the results of coding and field data analysis, the concept of "post-corona ethnic interaction" includes 8 main clusters, which are: 1) the opportunity to find human agency, 2) the socialization of interaction, 3) the continuity of ethnic members, 4 ) the digitalization of interaction, 5) the scientific-rationalization of the epistemic base of interaction, 6) the purposeful interaction, 7) the hyper-digitalization of interaction, and 8) the appearance of the role of inhuman agency. In general, the threat of Corona has acted as a shock that has provided the opportunity to express individuality for the members of the ethnic community of Lak tribe.

Considering the psychological consequences of COVID-19 on the mental health of children and parents and its significant impact on the quality of  parent-child relationship, the present study aimed to assess  the effect of filial therapy on maternal sensitivity and parental stress of preschool children with emotional and behavioral problems in District 10 of Tehran during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This applied quasi-experimental research was conducted based on a pre-test-post-test control group design with a follow-up. The statistical population of the present study included the mothers of preschool children with emotional and behavioral problems in the 10th district of Tehran in 2022. A total of 41 people were selected by convenience sampling method. A number of 21 cases were randomly placed in the experimental group and 20 subjects were allocated to the control group. Thereafter, the mothers of the experimental group participated in Filial Therapy training sessions, and the mothers of the control group were waiting to receive the intervention. Both groups were evaluated three times: pre-test, post-test, at follow-up (one month after the end of the intervention) with the Behavior Checklist (Achenbach and Rescorla, 1991), maternal care quality questionnaire (Ghanbari et al., 2012), and the parental stress index questionnaire (Abidin, 1992). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and multivariate covariance analysis (MANCOVA) were used to analyze the findings.

The results demonstrated that maternal sensitivity of the experimental group increased compared to the control group, and the level of parental stress decreased(except in the relationship with spouse subscale in the parent domain).

Filial therapy can be used as one of the upcoming interventions during crises, such as COVID-19, to improve parent-child relationship and reduce parental tension.

The aim of the current research was to determine the effect of positive psychology group therapy on resilience and death anxiety among people suffering from corona disease.

This research was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of methodology, it was a semi-experimental research with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the research included all patients admitted to Ghaem Hospital located in Mashhad in 2021. According to the statistical population, 30 people (15 people in each group) were selected and randomly assigned to two groups. To measure the variables, Templer's Death Anxiety Questionnaire (1970) and Ko Noor and Davidson's (2003) resilience were used. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS-23 software and univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).

The results showed that group training based on positivity had an effect on resilience with F(1,37=31.799) and death anxiety with F(1,37=467) of people, these values (α≤0.01) It has been significant.

According to these results, it can be said that positive psychology treatment is effective in increasing resilience and reducing death anxiety, and this treatment can be used to increase resilience and reduce death anxiety in people infected with the corona virus.

In this research, the behavior of the international Islamic capital market in the three periods before Corona, Corona and after Corona, as well as multi-fractal analysis is carried out on Sharia-compliant stock markets. Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (MFDFA), Multiscale multi-fractal analysis (MMA), are the methods used in this study. We used the Dow Jones index data from 2011 to 2022, the variables are the emerging countries, developed countries, Asia Pacific, America and Europe. The research results shows that Corona has reduced the efficiency of all variables. In all periods, the variables are ineffective, except for the Asia variable in the pre-Corona period, developed countries and America in the post-Corona period. Also, all the variables had persistency in the Corona period. But in the pre-corona period, all the variables had an anti-persistency behavior, except for the variable of emerging countries, which had a persistence behavior, and the variable of Asia, which had a random behavior. In the post-corona period, all the variables have had an anti-persistence behavior, except for the variable of developed countries, which has had a random behavior.

The coronavirus (COVID-19) is recognized as one of the world's greatest public health challenges in the 21st century, which has had profound effects on the global economy, people's daily lives, and history. Astan Quds Razavi, as the largest pilgrimage center in the Islamic world after Makkah and one of the richest centers for preserving, recording and recording social, cultural, economic and political history, especially in the eastern region of the country, has always tried, in addition to public assistance, in the dimensions different, to pay special attention to the needs of researchers and people of science in different fields. The purpose of this article is to investigate the role of Astan Quds Razavi during the Corona crisis in Mashhad. Due to the lack of research in this field, oral history can be used as a valuable resource for a better understanding of the corona disease and effective solutions to deal with it, as well as a tool to inform the society. The research method was using interviews, letters, pictures and documents available in the document center of Astan Quds Razavi Library. Findings on the efforts of Astan Quds Razavi to accompany the treatment group and the headquarters of the fight against Corona, Jihadi groups, attracting and recording documents, images, videos and social documents from Mashhad University of Medical Sciences and talking with different people from different walks of life shortly after the start of the Corona disease. in the city of Mashhad.

This research was conducted to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Health, Safety, and Environment (HSE) indicators in the hotel industry. The statistical population for this study consisted of 17 experts and professors in the field of tourism, selected through purposeful and snowball sampling methods. In this research, the consequences of COVID-19 on HSE indicators were identified by first reviewing theoretical foundations. Subsequently, to extract expert opinions, a questionnaire tool and the fuzzy Delphi method were utilized. The results of the research indicated that the consequences of COVID-19 have a significant impact on the improvement of health, safety, and environmental indicators. In terms of the magnitude of the impact of COVID-19, the enhancement of health indicators ranked first, followed by improvement in environmental indicators and safety indicators. Among various HSE factors, self-regulation indicators in health units, the establishment of safety management systems, and monitoring of hazardous factors were identified as the most influential consequences of COVID-19 on the enhancement of HSE indicators in hotels. The enhancement of HSE indicators in the hotel industry leads decision-makers in this sector to seek ways to increase health, safety, environmental protection, and mitigate subsequent financial risks.

Periods of extensive transformation, such as world wars and deadly disease outbreaks, often prompt deep reviews of institutional performance, including the family. The COVID-19 pandemic is one such crisis that has significantly impacted the Iranian family, necessitating reevaluation. This study examines how the functions of family institutions in Tehran, Iran’s most populous and diverse city, have been reformulated post-pandemic. Tehran’s demographic, ethnic, class and cultural diversity creates a challenging environment for families, making it an apt case for study. Given the importance of the family in meeting individuals’ needs and its role in structural changes across society, this research explores how the functions of families in Tehran can be reevaluated after the pandemic. 

Humans, as social groups, are always interacting with each other to meet their needs. Today, this interaction has encountered with many challenges, with one being the extreme preference of individual and personal interests and ignoring collective ones. In Iranian society, this problem has a long history, but now it has become acute. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the causes of preference of individual over collective interests in everyday life of citizens in Tehran. The survey sample size was estimated to be 385 people through Cochran's formula, and the required data was collected through multi-stage cluster sampling method from regions 1, 7, 11, 14 and 20 of Tehran in the winter of 2019. The explanation was also based on the concepts taken from culture-base theories of Parsons (affective neutrality), Merton (reference group and innovation) and Homans (stimulus proposition) and their synthesis. For this purpose, bivariate and multivariate tests were used. The findings showed that even in the traumatic situation of Covid-19, when according to Durkheim's theories, people should always prioritize collective interests over individual ones; a considerable number of respondents (94%) prioritized individual interests. They prefer collective interests, with market place shrewdness attitude and culture playing a major role. Specifically, it became clear that the higher the emotional neutrality, higher the tendency to reference groups, tendency to innovation, and tendency to stimulus, the preference of individual interests over collective interests.

Introduction Corona virus has not only affected the biological existence of man, but also threatened our social existence under the tremendous pressure of medical panic and social isolation. This epidemic has led to massive loss of life and an unprecedented economic, social and cultural crisis, with far-reaching social impacts. Research objectives The purpose of this research is to analyze the lived experience of the citizens of Isfahan about the consequences of the corona virus on their lives and the impact of this epidemic on the reflexivity experienced in this era. Research question: This research seeks to answer the question that What experience do citizens have of reflexivity in the era of Corona and what aspects of their daily life have they reflected and reconsidered? Research method The current research has used the qualitative method of phenomenology.  For this purpose, 30 citizens of Isfahan in different age, occupation and base groups were selected and subjected to in-depth interviews. The data were analyzed using

Core stability training plays an important role in performance of youth volleyball players and is defined as a critical factor regarding prevention of the physical abilities and important characteristics of the volleyball players such as balance and jump performance. In this research, the effect of a Progressive Core Stability Program regarding Health Protection on maintenance of Balance and Jump Performance of Junior Volleyball Players during Coronavirus Pandemic has been investigated. After the second quarantine period in Iran, two jump tests (Serjent jump test and Three-step jump test) and static balance test (Romberg) were taken from each player. The players then performed a 12-week core stability training program in compliance with health protocols. Following that, post-test evaluation was recorded. There is a significant difference in all research variables (Sarjent jump test, Three-step jump test and Romberg equilibrium test) between pretest and post-test in junior volleyball players after 12 weeks of progressive core stability training with health protocols. Coaches, specialists in sports sciences and trainers can use progressive core stability exercises to maintain vital functions in volleyball players and emphasize their performance during quarantine.