جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « canada » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

In this regard, the current research tries to investigate the position of women in the family in two Islamic and Western legal discourses, and especially the two legal systems of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the country of Canada, tries to investigate the issue of women's rights in the family institution. The main question of this article is as follows: In the two legal discourses of Iran and Canada, what position and rights does a woman have in the family? In response to this question, the main hypothesis of the article stipulates: Western legal discourse, especially in countries like Canada, with a materialistic and reductionist view, considers the position and rights of women in the family in her individuality and freedom, and it is based on the dimensions He compiles his sexuality and material; This has been formulated in the Islamic discourse based on the rights and duties of women in the sacred sphere of the family and its constructive role in human education and excellence.

A review of the literature and research conducted in the field of comparative analysis of legal systems and discourses clearly shows that less research in this field has investigated women's rights in the two legal systems of Iran and Canada. Meanwhile, only one article has been compiled in this field, and most of the works are about women's rights in the family in Islam, Iran, or other countries such as France, England, and America. From this point of view, this article has innovation and tries to provide the ground for further research in this field. In the following, we try to examine the most important and closest articles in terms of content and topic.Maruti et al. (2019) in the article "Comparative study of women's legal system discourses in Iran and Sweden" discussed the issue of abortion and women's rights in this matter; The author has concluded that the prevalence and prosperity of women's absolute freedom in countries like Sweden is due to the prevalence of "freedom of choice" theories, which emphasize the absolute freedom of the "body" with a philosophical view of the world, and against the discourse Divine laws in the legal system of a country like Iran arise from the duality of right/duty, which is the continuation of the divine view of human existence, therefore, absolute and unbridled freedom cannot be believed.Zainaldini and Razavi (2019) in the article "Investigating the requirements for the entry of the property sharing system into the structure of the family financial system in the laws of Iran with a view to the laws of the province of Quebec/Canada" talked about two models of financial order in the two legal discourses of Iran and Canada and has concluded that the legal system of the Quebec state of Canada, believing in the equality of rights and responsibilities of couples in the family; The financial system presents the property sharing of spouses as a legal financial regime for the family, in which men and women share each other's income in the family; But in Iran's legal system, following the model provided by Imami jurisprudence, couples have chosen "financial independence".In the article "Comparative study of female alimony in the laws of Iran, England and America" ​​(2013) Tashet and Hejbari discussed the issue of the right to alimony from the economic rights of women in the family. In this article, the authors have concluded that "in the legal laws of the Islamic Republic of Iran, alimony is the responsibility of the man, and in the common legal system, it is the responsibility of the husband and wife, and in the comparison between these two models of Iranian law, with regard to the duties that are customary for couples It is defined in the family as being closer to justice. Also, the receipt of alimony by a woman depends on fulfilling her duty towards her husband (obedience), while in common law, the financial need of the spouses is a condition for the obligation of alimony, and apparently as soon as the marriage contract is concluded or without the marriage contract and cohabitation for a period of time. Special payment becomes obligatory.Abbasi and Ramezani (1400) in the article "Women's non-financial rights in Iran's legal system and its compatibility with international documents" have made women's non-financial rights the principle and concluded: Women's non-financial rights in international documents and in the legal system Iran has been formulated under the shadow of cultural and ideological considerations and political-social developments, and these rights have always been formulated under the dominance and structure of the male approach, and it has not been able to realize women's rights in the non-financial dimension.Johnson (2017) in the article "Family Matters: Gender Justice and Success of Litigation in Canada's Supreme Courts" tries to examine the issue of gender justice in the family and family litigation in Canada and has concluded that in the courts Supreme Court of Canada, female judges pay more attention to women's rights than male judges and have caused many successes in family disputes for women and have been able to establish more gender justice in the realization of women's rights.

This article has been compiled using the descriptive-analytical method and has collected its data and information through documentary and library methods.
4. ConclusionIn this article, an attempt was made to examine the status and rights of women in the two legal systems of the Islamic Republic of Iran and Canada with a comparative perspective. In this regard, the main question of the article was as follows: In the two legal discourses of Iran and Canada, what position and rights does a woman have in the family? In order to answer this question and based on the research done in this article, it should be said that the two Islamic and Western legal discourses regarding women's rights have basic differences. A woman has great dignity in the Islamic discourse because of the expectations and duties that are expected from her in the form of building a family. The subsequent legal system of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which is based on Imamiyyah jurisprudence and Islamic teachings, has taken a family-oriented approach and by adopting the discourse of legal propriety for women in the family. These rights are all in line with the role of women as the main pillar of the family. On the other hand, the Canadian legal system, influenced by the doctrines of individualism, libertarianism, materialism, and feminism, has tried to regulate the rights and position of women in the family like men by adopting a subordinate and analogical approach. From this point of view, women's economic and non-economic rights have been drawn and compiled in a completely equal way without any difference in the roles and responsibilities of men and women within the framework of the family. In this system, the family is the product of a completely biological choice that can be started and ended at any time by the will of one or both couples; Regarding the economic rights in Iran's legal system, the man is responsible for securing and realizing the economic rights of the woman, and for this purpose, he imposes various models (dowry, alimony, etc.) Building and managing the family should be provided by the woman. It is for this reason that the financial system of the family in Iran's legal system is based on the system of financial independence; But in the Canadian legal system, this financial system is based on the sharing of property and assets by men and women; because each of them is equally responsible for the economic provision of the family; And according to this common procedure, they can choose multiple models of the family financial system. Regarding women's non-economic rights, it should be said that the legal system in Iran has tried to protect women's rights and legitimate and legal freedoms against men. For this purpose, it has considered ten rights in its civil and family laws for women to guarantee their rights. Also, these rights guarantee a woman's active role in performing the tasks expected of her in the family; This means that the duality of right/obligation has been seen by the legal and the legislator; In this way, if rights are considered for the woman in the family, it is for the purpose of doing the tasks that have been asked of her; And this duality has been based on the natural need of man to form a family and the active role of men and women for the promotion and excellence of this social institution. However, the non-economic rights of women in Canada, which are formulated at the core of the unwritten system of common law and based on subject requirements in the courts, are set with emphasis on femininity and gender justice to guarantee the preservation of individuality and freedom of women in the field. His numerous personal and public. Therefore, in this system, due to the emphasis on the individuality and freedom of the woman in regulating her rights and status, the concept of family does not have its Eastern and Islamic meaning and is merely an interpersonal contract that was formed during a historical process in the society and is changing day by day. The benefit of feminist demands goes to the sidelines and takes a nuclear form. In the following table, we can discuss the most important differences between these two legal discourses.

The feminist approach opposes all forms of oppression, domination, gender inequality and seeks to create a global solidarity without a gender inequality and in this regard, feminist foreign policy is a way to take such actions outside national borders. Meanwhile, countries such as France, Canada, and the oldest and most comprehensive of them, Sweden, in their foreign policy have focused on promoting the status of women and the mainstream of gender. In this article, after a brief review of the foreign policy of France and Canada, this study focuses on the components of Sweden's feminist foreign policy. It seeks to answer how the country has acted towards the promotion of human rights. The research findings indicate that Sweden's foreign policy framework is in the areas of trade, defense, development, diplomacy and aid and it is based on three principles: a vindication of the rights of woman, the equal allocation of resources, and the support for increasing women's representation. Sweden considers implementing this type of foreign policy to be critical to achieving other general goals, such as Peace, security, sustainable development, and the strengthening and expansion of human rights. It commits itself to credible international commitments to improve the human rights situation of women. This kind of commitment to human rights and women's rights is reflected in Sweden's ratification of important treaties and instruments for gender equality. Data collection was reviewed by library method and research findings by descriptive-analytical method.

It is very important to build the capacity of members of the legislature or parliament to carefully review proposed laws, interact with civil society, and monitor the executive branch. One of the tasks of local and international non-governmental companies in the legislative process can be to help draft a law to deal with violence against women and girls. By maintaining contact with regional and country offices, NGOs may be able to insert themselves into the lawmaking process and thereby ensure the promotion of victims' rights and needs. Non-governmental organizations can also ask for help from experts in the field of preparing the law on violence against women.Abused women need a variety of services: emergency shelter, medical care, protection, financial assistance, and counseling services. Phenomena such as violence against women still remains and does not allow them to freely enjoy their rights without fear, at home and outside. A woman's life is insecure in every way. He is subject to continuous violation of human rights. Very few women in the society react against injustice and violence. Sufficient legal punishment to prevent perpetrators of violence has not been proven. Among the various forms of violence, domestic violence is the most widespread and at the same time recognized as a violation of human rights. In this article, while presenting information about the right of the victim in determining the punishment and how to implement it, the role of non-governmental organizations in supporting the victimized women in Iran and Canada is discussed.

Peace of litigation has been accepted as a common practice in the civil procedure system of Iran and Canada. The main article in this field in the Iranian legal system is Article 184 of the Code of Civil Procedure. In the Canadian legal system, however, various articles refer to litigation. The main question that is considered in this research based on the descriptive-analytical approach, what are the differences between the institution of peace of lawsuits in the civil procedure system of Iran and Canada? Numerous differences are conceivable in this regard, including the fact that in the Iranian civil procedure system, litigation is cited as a purely judicial entity, while in the Canadian civil procedure system it is cited as an extra-judicial entity. This has led to the settlement of litigation in the Canadian legal system as an alternative to litigation, while its place in the Iranian legal system has not been determined.

The purpose of this article is to examine the status of violence against women and the recognition and position of the police in combating this phenomenon, from legal regulations to practical procedures in Iranian and Canadian law. Violence against women is not specific to a specific geographical area or a certain level of economy and welfare and can be examined in all societies and all social strata. However, the prevalence, type, severity and consequences and factors contributing to this phenomenon are different. It seems that it is necessary to take measures to prevent the occurrence of this phenomenon in society, and in most countries, some organizations and social and legal institutions have legal authority and permission for taking required measures. Police is among the most effective forces in preventing this phenomenon and the position of the police in combating violence against women and such social anomalies is decisive and strategic. The issue of violence against women is so pervasive and borderless that has made international bodies such as the United Nations and human rights organizations to respond to it. The role of the police in preventing this phenomenon is difficult, but the prevalence and spread of the violence against women can be prevented by specializing the police and hiring women police. In Canada, according to transparent statistics, the police play an effective role in violence against women.

Television is known as a public broadcaster, and although with the advent of new technologies in the field of media and the emergence of media and social networks, some believe Television popularity has begun to decline, there is still a special place for television and its effective role in facilitating the process of development. The purpose of this study is to examine the functions and ownership of television in developed countries with a focus on Canada and Norway, which have been consistently ranked among the world 10 top prospered countries by Legatum Institute during last decade. The ultimate goal of this study is to examine the approaches of developed communities in the management of the organization and the content of this media and to create an insight in order to improve the functions of national Televison in the development path so that it can be considered as a model for growth and development.

The overall purpose of this study is to identify the ownership, structure and functions of television in Canada and Norway as the two countries with the highest success ratings (among the top 10 countries in the world) in 2017 and in terms of the purpose of application, considering several The cultural nature of these societies is to create a vision for the development of the national television, radio and television of the Islamic Republic of Iran, in the direction of development. In order to conduct this research, the researcher has interviewed 14 Canadian and Norwegian professors with specializations in the field of media. The research method of this study is qualitative method using directional qualitative content analysis method to analyze the data obtained from interviews and in order to categorize the categories, coding technique (open, axial) has been used. A total of 217 open codes (Canada = 95, Norway = 122), which were semantically related to each other, were identified and categorized into 44 core codes (Canada = 20, Norway = 24). Findings indicate the optimal performance of both media in exploiting the four main functions of news, guidance, education and entertainment, and the news section is one of the main functions of these two networks; Therefore, the content planning and policy-making approach of both CBC and NRK networks can finally be considered as a suitable model for the development of national media functions.

There is no definition of murder in Iranian criminal law, but it can be defined as killing another human being. In Canadian criminal law, the legislator has described the murder as the act that intentionally leads to the death of another person. Intentional murder is a personal and individual crime, in addition to being a public crime. Like other crimes, intentional murder has elements and pillars from which this criminal phenomenon arises. In criminal law, the crime of intentional murder, like all other crimes, is subject to all three legal, material and spiritual elements. The psychological element of intentional murder is referred to as the mental interactions and criminal thoughts of the offender and is of great importance because the quality of that element has a marked effect on the type of homicide and on the level of punishment for the offender and can turn the criminal title of intentional murder into an unintentional homicide or a pure error. In Iranian law, homicide is subdivided into intentional murder and unintentional homicide, and even the legislator has distinguished the unintentional homicide resulting from driving violations from other types of unintentional homicide. In Islamic Penal Code of Iran, there is only one type of intentional murder. In addition, there is a difference between the punishment of intentional and unintentional murder and the severity of punishment between the two countries. According to the reaction of the Iranian penal system, punishment for intentional murder is execution according to Qisas (is an Islamic term meaning "retaliation in kind"), and under Article 229 of the Canadian Constitution, the punishment for intentional murder is life imprisonment.

National authorities regulating currency generally do not have direct jurisdiction over virtual currencies, to date, as they are not national fiat currencies. However, currency regulators are influencing development of digital currency in several key indirect ways. Through their authority to protect the value and integrity of national fiat currencies, they take actions affecting digital currencies claiming that such actions are necessary to protect their national currency. Additionally, as these regulators generally have the authority to control the activities of banks and other key financial institutions, they influence digital currency development and use by restricting the ability of those institutions to use or accept virtual currency. Currency regulators commonly have jurisdiction over conversion of foreign currency, and through this role, they now routinely restrict the ability of parties to conduct conversions between digital currencies and traditional national currencies. National currency regulators have also issued substantial warnings to consumers of the risks associated with digital currency use. Currency regulators often have authority over funds transmission and money transfers, and they frequently exercise that jurisdiction in the context of virtual currency use. Some government are now exploring the possibility of government controlled digital currency and of government participation in the blockchain of existing virtual currency platforms.

The way governments deal with the claims of victims of terrorist incidents is one of the most important political issues of the day. Since the Canadian government claims that it fights terrorism the political strategies that govern this government are important in responding to the survivors of the terrorist events. By accusing the Iranian government, it has done its most important action against one of the victims of terrorism. By using the theory of Barry Buzan in analyzing this action of the Canadian State the findings of this paper show that Canada by utilizing some policies like a particular definition of international terrorism advocating state and regarding Iran as one the biggest countries which advocate terrorism, giving up the diplomatic relation with Iran, repudiating the immunity of Iran’s properties and their seizure in the interests of victims of terrorist attacks in occupies lands is a way of cooperating with the US and Israel. According to Buzan theory about security dilemma and the complexities and contradictions inherent in political choices about that the operation of Canada about the Iranian government's immunity in international law is not defensible. In this article we are looking for answers to this question that "What are the political fields of Canada’s action against Iran?" This review is based on Barry Buzan's theory and was conducted by using descriptive analytical method.

After the victory of the Islamic Revolution, the Islamic Association of America and Canada as the only Islamic organization in America Islamic Republic of Iran agreed to deal with counter-revolutionary movement in America, and in addition to promoting the Islamic Republic of Iran and holding religious meetings in towns of America, the anti-monarchist revolution, hypocrite, freedom of movement and sometimes even clashes with Communist groups appeared, and in this regard a large number of members and supporters of the American Association went to prison. Given the importance of this issue, this paper seeks to answer the question of political activity and the Islamic Association of America and Canada, in contrast to the eclectic and monarchist How was the study of qualitative research of inductive (document searching) and the method of document analysis is to examine the books, records and historical texts and documents related to the Islamic Association of America and Canada was conducted. Another part of the information required with regard to the limitations in these areas through interviews with members informed and active Islamic Association collected. Document review and interviews with the following findings were obtained major political activity in opposition to the group of eclectic reformist Islamic Association (FMI) and radical (MEK) was a monarchist and anti-revolutionary. And in this regard, a variety of methods used collective action and protest. The major activities that the students have done at that time was one promotional activities and Abdyvlvzhyky to expose the conspiracies of the enemy and the people of America were also public awareness. Community activities in opposition to the current protests and demonstrations that took place on a massive scale. And other activities, sit-ins and hunger strikes forum was to attract the attention of the American media and convey their message to the world than it used to be.

One of the groups who played a valuable role during US Embassy takeover was the Islamic Association of University Students in the US and Canada (Persian speaking). Due to the importance of this issue, this article tries to answer this question: what was the role of Association of University Students in the US and Canada (Persian speaking) during the US Embassy takeover? To gather data along with the study of document, some of the then members of Association of University Students in the US and Canada (Persian speaking) were interviewed. Major activities of students at that time, include: propagation activities to reveal enemie's conspiracies as well as awakening American citizens. Other activities include orchestrating rallies and marches protesting Shah's trip to the US and supporting students who followed Imam Khomeini's path. Food strike and a mock tribunal to try the betraying Shah were other programs by the association to attract the attention of US media and to convey their message to the world.