جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « cyberspace » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

With the ever-increasing expansion of the Internet and its influence in various aspects of life, children and teenagers, as a vulnerable group, have been exposed to many risks, including sexual abuse in cyberspace. This ominous phenomenon, which is also known as the "hunting of children and teenagers in the cyberspace", has destructive consequences on the mental and physical health of these people and requires strong legal measures to deal with it. Jurisprudence has delved into the criminalization of Iranian law and checked whether the Iranian law has been criminalized well in dealing with this phenomenon, and in this regard, we discuss the criminal policy of international documents and its adaptation to the laws of the country of Iran. In this article, we find out that Iran's criminal policy regarding the hunting of children and teenagers in the cyberspace is very scattered compared to the international legal documents that have specifically stated the criminal titles in this field, and the legislator in each of the legal texts He has mentioned examples that cause the courts to face the problem of recognizing the governing law in each case, and the legislator should criminalize the hunting of children and teenagers in the cyberspace of children under a separate criminal title and one of the chapters of the penal law assign it.

Cyberspace and the social networks, like many other emerging phenomena, have positive and negative consequences in various aspects of life. The impact of this environment is an undeniable fact and the extent of this impact on the national security of countries is more than other areas. despite the opportunities, changes and developments that it creates, it has many threats and problems for national security. The purpose of this study is to identify the threats that social networks create to national security infrastructure. data was collected using grounded theory method and in-depth interview technique with 16 experts in the field of politics and cyberspace. Data were analyzed by open, axial and selective coding methods using Strauss and Corbin approach. The results showed that virtual social networks can be a serious threat to national security by destroying and weakening national security infrastructure, ie: social, political, cultural, economic and environmental security. The research results have been analyzed in the form of a paradigm model.

Islamic Republic of IRAN, It has witnessed the growing challenges that have arisen in the field of governance of the country's cyberspace in the international environment, and despite the existence of some high-level governance documents and the formation of Supreme Council of Cyberspace, the country so far lacks a comprehensive and strategic plan to govern its cyber space in the international environment, and it is necessary to have a comprehensive plan in order to improve its role, weight and influence in regional and international treaties, documents and institutions. By examining the backgrounds and theoretical bases of the dimensions, components and indicators of statistics, then the questionnaire was provided to the experts in a targeted manner; Finally, 34 questionnaires were completed and it has good reliability with Cronbach's alpha of 0.812. After that, with SmartPLS software, the data was analyzed and the model was fitted. The findings of the research show that the Republic of Iran needs to create appropriate structures to pursue issues related to the governance of cyber space in the international environment; Also, the research hypotheses, except for the "resources" hypothesis, have all been confirmed.

Regarding the Cyberspace, as much as mere opportunistic views can be harmful, the threatening perception of this space also brings unwanted consequences. The main reason for adopting the above two extreme approaches is the lack of specific Criminal policy-making. In the light of public policy literature, the present research explores and presents the principles of Criminal policy-making and its manifestations (criminal policy and penal policy) with a descriptive-analytical method.The ten research findings suggest; First, the principles of "the stability of the fundamentals of the real and cyber world", "necessity of maintaining privacy security", "sustainability and sustainable development" and "creating a balance between values" should be the headlines of Criminal policy-making, and then regarding the participation of society in the field of criminal policy, the principles "Justice-oriented", "transparency" and "maintaining social cohesion and acceptance of cultural diversity" should be used, and finally, to achieve the desired penal policy, the principles of "gradual criminalization ", "needs-oriented" and " Timeliness and changeability" should be on the agenda.

Using the institutional mapping approach, the present research has investigated the important actors of the science, technology and innovation system of Iran's cyber space and their functions in this system. The importance of this issue stems from the fact that the science, technology and innovation system of cyber space has a high number and diversity in actors and functions, and the effort to investigate them can help to better understanding the structural and functional complexities of this system. The data collection of this research has been done through a library study, including the review of previous studies and documents, including the description of the duties of organizations, statutes, laws, and upstream documents, as well as a field study, including holding a panel with key stakeholders. Classification of identified actors based on the theoretical framework in five levels of government, educational and research institutions, intermediate institutions, companies (large companies, small and medium businesses, start-ups and technological units), and non-governmental organizations (specialized association, trade association, unions, non-governmental organization) was done. Then, through the actors-functions matrix, it was determined what functions each actor plays in the science, technology and innovation system of cyber space. According to the findings, the main guardian of the cyber space science, technology and innovation system is the Supreme Council of Cyber Space. Also, the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology has the largest role among other players in this system. The role of civil institutions and the private sector also needs to be highlighted in this system. The policy implication of this research is that the governance of science, technology and innovation system of cyber space requires a networked and evidence-based approach that, in addition to considering the views and expectations of all stakeholders, operates based on the facts and objective conditions.

In international lawsuits where a foreign element is present in the lawsuit, conflict of laws is inevitable. In such cases, the court judge decides which country's substantive law governs the lawsuit. The basis for determining the governing law in the violation of copyright in the cyber space is not clearly determined in Iran's law, but the legal doctrine in other countries has long sought to establish rules that, by applying them, can determine the most appropriate law for various issues. The course of developments shows that legal doctrine has undergone changes and transformations with the passage of time and the advancement of Internet technology, and new approaches have been expressed by jurists to solve problems. The expansion of the use of Internet technology and the continuous violation of copyrights in this space require the use of new conflict resolution rules, and also the traditional rules will not be very efficient. By adopting the three approaches of maximum protection of the works, the impact of the infringement on the economic interests of its owner, and the integrated approach that includes the traditional rules and the new rules for conflict resolution, the legal doctrine has taken a step towards determining the law governing the claims of cyber infringement of the author's rights.
Using the library method, this research investigate the conflict resolution rules based on the traditional and modern legal doctrine and proposes the most effective rule for determining the governing law. This study suggests that the unique characteristics of cyberspace necessitate the application a comprehensive law to lawsuits. Therefore, the criterion of maximizing the protection of, literary, and artistic works is deemed most suitable for determining the governing law in copyright cases.

Cognitive warfare means targeting the cognition of the general public and the elites of the target society by changing norms, values, beliefs, attitudes and behaviors through the management of perception and perceptions, and in many sources, cognitive warfare as the fifth dimension or in Depending on the type of division, it is referred to as the sixth dimension, which regardless of the desired number of the main subject, which is an independent dimension, has a special importance and position, and in other words, all other fields are somehow in The service of this dimension and one of the things that play an active role in the service and development of this area is the cyber space, so that today most of the cognitive warfare operations are carried out either in the cyber space or relying on this space. and since one of the goals in this war are people and communities, therefore this research, which is of an applied-developmental type, seeks to develop strategies to deal with the people-centered cognitive war, in order to achieve this by using Descriptive-Analytical Method After exploratory studies and conducting library and field research and by completing the questionnaire, the statistics of 24 factors of the internal environment and 22 factors of the external environment were determined and finally, 9 selected strategies were formulated with the SWOT method and their prioritization. It was done using the QSPM technique.

The information revolution is an epoch-making event that has transformed social life in the past few decades. Considering the organic conection between social life and political situation, the modern state cannot be dismissed from the effects and consequences of such an epoch-making event. This paper tries to answer this question: What changes has the virtual space caused in the structure of the nation-state? Explaining such changes, while creating awareness about the structure and functions of the nation-state in the era of the information revolution, is of decisive importance in order to adopt the correct model of governance and effective policies in various political, social, economic and cultural fields. In this paper, the problem of the impact of virtual space on the structural transformation of the modern state, has been examination using the critical theory of technology. In this framework, it is explained that virtual space, while intensifying the process of globalization, has caused the establishment of network state, media state, virtual state and transnational state.

National identity is one of the important fields that any government can manage in a way by adopting strategic policies and policies, and thus, the tendency of the members of the scientific, academic and student community, to strengthen awareness and knowledge about it; Because the issue of national identity is important for society in different ways. The first important point is that national identity can provide reasons for strengthening solidarity and cohesion in the country. Second, dealing with the challenges of national identity requires taking into account the changes and developments that require knowledge and awareness. Meanwhile, one of the important tools and mechanisms of the government to develop and strengthen the national identity, through the channel of awareness, is the institution of higher education. The university education system in the channel and path of education can transfer the concepts and proper understanding of the challenges and issues of national identity in the changing conditions and the need to adopt a suitable scientific strategy for it. So that, as a result, the grounds for strengthening people's sense of belonging to their national identity through science and knowledge are provided, which ultimately leads to the consolidation of solidarity and social cohesion. Considering the importance of this issue and the complex challenges that have arisen in connection with the national identity, the necessity of using this capacity is felt more and more. The State of the Islamic Republic of Iran is also forced to make better use of higher education in order to train students in order to strengthen their orientation towards their national identity. Considering the fact that a large part of Iran's population is young and in the era of globalization, and the role of this phenomenon in weakening the tendency of many Iranian students towards their national identity, this issue has become more necessary. The method of the article is descriptive-analytical and the findings indicate a change in some orientations towards new challenging situations.

As technology continues to advance in the realm of information and communication, human perception of space has transcended the boundaries of physicality. In parallel with the physical world, characterized by its tangible facts and realities, a new space has emerged—one composed of informational data. This virtual realm, governed by the ever-expanding realm of human needs, defies the limitations imposed by physical space. In response to the populace's increasing presence and engagement within this digital arena, governments have articulated a set of rights and responsibilities for its utilization. Nevertheless, a critical dimension of this discourse is the evolution of what can be described as a "cyber life." As virtual communities, virtual citizens, virtual interactions, virtual identities, and virtual security become integral facets of this digital realm, a fundamental question arises: Are individuals gradually giving rise to a form of existence characterized by their engagement in this new cyber life? Consequently, this article explores the question of what defines the "right to cyber life" and how such a right can be classified within the domain of human rights. Employing a descriptive-analytical and explanatory methodology, the findings of this article firmly establish the "right to cyber life" as a fourth-generation human right. This recognition is rooted in the way it has impacted the lives of individuals, shaping opportunities, presenting challenges, and posing potential threats within the realm of public policy.

In the early years of the Internet, the various functions of this technology were not known even among the academic community. Hence, there was a passive approach to the Internet, and by default it was referred to as threatening technology. Now, although a relatively short life has passed since the advent of the Internet and its development, the increasing expansion and formation of cyberspace and its integration with the lives of people in all dimensions and aspects, the dual nature (threat and opportunity) of this technology has become more prominent. The main purpose of this study is to explain the political, economic, cultural, social and security role of cyberspace in the national governance of the Islamic Republic of Iran. These dimensions are taken from studies in this field and reference models such as PESTEL. This research is of applied-development type and has been done by case-based method. The statistical population is 37 elites with managerial positions who have at least a master's degree. The method of data collection was field and library and the findings were analyzed using SPSS method. The research results indicate that cyberspace has 9 political functions, 10 economic functions, 9 socio-cultural functions and 9 security functions.

This study aims to provide an appropriate strategy for cyberspace management with a political participation approach using the SWOT technique. The research method was mixed and exploratory (qualitative-quantitative) that in the qualitative part, the phenomenological method and in the quantitative part, the descriptive-survey method was used. The statistical population of the qualitative section includes all political science and cyberspace experts in Tabriz and purposeful sampling method was used to select the sample. The sample size of 64 people was a semi-structured interview data collection tool and in the analysis of qualitative information, open coding, axial coding and selective coding were used manually. The statistical population of the quantitative section included 7000 experts and executive and political actors and cyberspace specialists of Tabriz in 1400, based on Morgan's table, 364 people were selected by purposive sampling method. Quantitative data collection tools included researcher-made questionnaires of 158 to assess SWOT. Descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSS software were used to analyze quantitative data. The results showed that there are 51 strengths, 34 weaknesses, 43 opportunities and 22 threats in the field of cyberspace with a political participation approach. Based on these strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, four strategies including conservative, offensive, defensive and competitive strategies for managing cyberspace with a political participation approach are defined; The results of swot matrix analysis showed that aggressive strategy and competitive strategy are the best strategies for managing cyberspace with a political participation approach.

Today, many critical infrastructures in the fields of energy, health, transportation (sea, air, land and even outer space) and telecommunications are highly dependent on computer systems and internet networks, Such a platform has changed the concepts of armed attacks and force as hostile states conduct their hostile operations in cyberspace, In some cases, these attacks destroy the infrastructure of a country, and the destructive effects of such actions will be far more than military operations, Therefore, the importance of developing international mechanisms is an inevitable necessity, The question is, based on which propositions do the current rules governing international relations make it possible to deal with subversive operations? And does international law have the capacity to identify cyber attacks as an example of resorting to force or not? It seems that the answer to the questions depends on the analysis of the existing international realities, Until now, binding international rules have not been established in this field, and governments only respond to these operations based on the principle of legitimate defense, However, there is no rule in the issue of compensation for damages and dividing the boundary between legitimate and illegitimate actions and it is difficult to identify cyber attacks as an example of force, In this article, the author tries to analyze a logical and descriptive interpretation of the rules of international law, the application of the said rules, focusing on the instrumental, goal-oriented and effect-oriented approach in the cyber space.

The main purpose of this article is to investigate the effective factors in the disturbances following the death of Mahsa Amini. What factors have played a vital role in the recent disturbances? The hypothesis of the research claims that cultural factors played a determinative role in the disturbances related to the death of Mahsa Amini. To prove this claim, the theory of Postmodernism and its components have been used to analyze the unrest in the country. Therefore, by using a qualitative method based on a library approach and gathering materials through the extraction of books and articles, as well as following domestic and foreign media and content published in cyberspace, attempts were made to analyze and explain these factors. The findings indicate the confirmation of the claim raised in the research hypothesis. The results indicate that the role of cultural factors, especially the media and virtual space, has played the most pivotal role in impact on the country's several months of unrest.

The special features of cyberspace, such as universality, providing the possibility of anonymity and rapid changes, along with its great impact on individual and collective life, make its policymaking and regulation challenging. The security and resilience of cyberspace as one of the complex aspects of cyberspace policymaking and the intersection point of technical, security, cultural and social points of view has also been considered in upstream documents and Tadbir No. 15 of the document of the Islamic-Iranian model of progress is dedicated to the security and resilience of cyberspace and the need to use local knowledge and global partnerships in it. An issue that seems to have been left aside in many policies and practical decisions related to cyberspace in favor of a non-specialist security perspective. This article based on qualitative research methodology and analytical-descriptive research method, by examining some of the most important challenges of cyberspace and its security and resilience in Iran and comparison with similar global samples, tries to provide suggestions for policy regarding cyberspace in Iran. Staying away from the security discourse in everyday life issues, reducing criminalization, improving the conditions and attracting foreign companies in the field of cyberspace instead of repelling them, improving the economic and cultural conditions for the non-immigration of specialists in this field, leaving space for popular regulation of cyberspace away from governmental interventions and attention to upstream documents, including the Islamic-Iranian Model document, are the progress of some of the solutions and policy proposals presented in this article.

While the classical view (in the form of Realism and its branches) considered power limited to objective fields, the emergence of new technologies, including Information and Communication Technology, has enabled both the creation of power through knowledge and the generation of wealth through cyberspace and has opened a new arena for everyone. Today, the importance of cyberspace is so great that it has affected strategic interactions at international system and has transformed the political economy system of the world. Increasing the depth of the role of the cyber agent has made countries face security risks. Therefore, in order to achieve national power, the countries have formulated their macro-policies in the cyber field with a strategic view and are trying to extract benefits of this new field and simultaneously, face its security problems correctly. The main question of the research is, “what kind of policy and structuring will maximize the exploitation of the cyber space”? Research studies show that fully exploiting the potential of cyberspace is a special form of acting that has not been successful in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The theoretical framework of the research is the political economy approach and the research has used the descriptive-analytical method to achieve its goals. Data collection is through library, internet and documentary studies and process analysis will be done theoretically.

International cooperation in cyberspace refers to participation in defined processes in international and regional organizations active in the field of cyberspace, as well as participation in bilateral, multilateral and international documents and treaties related to this space. Special conditions of Islamic republic of IRAN It has created requirements for the country's international cooperation in the cyber space. It is necessary to determine the strategies and requirements precisely so that the national interests can be realized as much as possible by participation and attendance in the assemblies and avoid the possible harms of participation in international documents and agreements. The current "developmental-applied" research on the indicators and requirements of international cooperation of Islamic republic of IRAN It has been discussed in the cyber space. Accordingly, in the current research, the theoretical foundations were analyzed and the effective factors were calculated using the foundation data theorizing method. Then, the hypotheses were evaluated and corrected through an analytical questionnaire and a focal interview. A questionnaire was prepared based on the Likert scale and after its validation, it had good reliability with Cronbach's alpha of 0.812. Then, using structural equation modeling in SmartPLS software, the data obtained from the questionnaire and partial least square analysis, the overall fit of the model is equal to 0.579, and since it is greater than 0.36, we evaluate the fit of the model as strong.

In recent years, the development of new communication technologies has caused various changes in human life and its effects are increasing day by day. At present, virtual social networks as the backbone of new information and communication technologies play an essential role in the formation of this new process and the emergence of new economic, cultural, political-security and social spaces. The issue of the role of these networks on the political-security stability and social communication pattern of societies has become a serious concern of most countries. WhatsApp and Instagram are the favorite of most users of social networks due to the ease of use, the possibility of live communication, and the possibility of convenient use by all users. Identifying the political-security role of social networks based on the Internet and mobile phones (WhatsApp, Instagram) and their impact on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran in 2018" was the main goal of this research, which in the form of the main question of the political-security role of virtual social networks (WhatsApp) , Instagram) and what is its effect on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran?" has been proposed. Mor Nazar's hypothesis is also that "social networks are political-security threats to the Islamic Republic of Iran due to the various negative functions they have against the national security of Iran. and led to the emergence of security challenges in Iran in 2018. The present research method is the qualitative content analysis method and its statistical population is made up of experts and experts in the field of security and virtual space. The sample size in the mentioned group is based on the saturation of categories and information. 170 people were identified.

Nowadays, through advanced technologies and tools such as smartphones and laptops, many people are familiar with the virtual space and the Internet, a world much wider than the real world that breaks the time and place restrictions and makes interactions and communications of people out of the material dimension and broadens the sense of freedom.; For instance, people chat about subjects in Cyberspace that they never say in real life. Cyberspace has many positive and negative dimensions, and this article examines one of its negative dimensions, namely learning criminal behavior through differential associations in Cyberspace. The idea of ​​the article is derived from Edwin Sutherland's differential association theory, with the difference that cyberspace associations have more intense effects than real space associations. Utilizing the descriptive-analytical method, this research tried to answer the question of how and by what process criminal behaviors are learned in the virtual world. And what is the difference between learning virtual and real criminal behaviors? The main hypothesis of the research is that Sutherland's theory of differential associations can be generalized and extended to Cyberspace, and perhaps, in today's modern world, learning virtual criminal behavior is more significant than learning in the real environment, since by stimulating the sense of hearing and sight in the form of images, speech, and writing, Cyberspace simultaneously increases the learning rate and becomes a criminal environment, causing the spread of criminal behavior in the real world