palestine

The operation 7 october is considered an important stage in the politicalstrategic developments in the Middle East and the process of the struggle of Islamist groups against the Zionist regime, especially since the myth of the invincibility of the Israeli army and intelligence and security services was shattered once again. As history has shown, the peace process between the Arabs and Israel has never had any tangible results for the Arab countries and has always ended in favor of Israeli leaders and politicians. This, along with other important and unresolved issues such as the long-term siege of Gaza, the continued settlement process by Israel, the political and economic corruption of the Palestinian Authority, and the failure to determine the status of Palestinian refugees, has led to greater public acceptance of the approach of groups such as Hamas and the Palestinian Islamic Jihad movement. In fact, support for the resistance approach towards Israel is the result of decades of experience with small and large developments in the region and the world. The reality is that although most countries in the region and the world have always emphasized in their declared policies the need to improve the conditions of the Palestinians, especially the residents of Gaza, and sometimes condemned Israel's actions, in practice no action has been taken to truly and continuously improve the existing conditions. For example, Israel's disastrous behavior after the October 7 operation has been repeatedly condemned by global governmental and non-governmental actors, but no effective practical action has been taken to contain Israel and prevent open genocide. The most recent Israeli action was the assassination of Ismail Haniyeh, head of the Hamas political bureau, in Tehran (July 31, 2024), which was considered a combative action to continue and intensify the crisis in the region in every respect.

The possible victory of Donald Trump in the upcoming US presidential election could have profound effects on the development of the West Asian region. Given Trump’s previous foreign policies, which were strongly defined in line with the interests of the Zionist regime and in opposition to Iran, the main question of this article is how Trump’s re-victory could affect the political and security future of the West Asian region? Based on the hypothesis that Trump will seek to strengthen relations with Arab countries and continue to pressure Iran, this article examines the possible consequences of these policies on key developments in the region, such as the Palestinian issue, the future of Gaza, and the normalization of Arab-Zionist relations. The research method of this article is descriptive-analytical and, using library resources and discourse analysis of Trump's policies, attempts to predict the possible effects of his victory on the region. The initial findings of the research show that Trump's re-election could lead to an acceleration of the process of normalizing relations between Arab countries and the Zionist regime and further weakening the position of Palestine. Also, these policies will likely be accompanied by increased tensions between Iran and Western countries and the US's regional allies. Meanwhile, the future of Gaza is increasingly uncertain due to the US's unilateral support for the Zionist regime. The findings of the article show that Trump's possible policies, if he wins again, could lead to a realignment of regional forces and increased tensions in various security and political areas, which will ultimately face new challenges for the prospects for peace and stability in the region.

Resistance literature is a branch of literature that embodies the ingrained concepts of struggle and resistance. This genre focuses on combating oppression, tyranny, and despotism with the primary objective of achieving freedom and liberation, with resistance emphasized until this goal is attained. Within this context, the issue of Palestine, the mobilization of Palestinian fighters, the admiration of their resistance, and the depiction of the Zionist occupiers' image are considered some of the most significant manifestations of resistance literature. Numerous poets have addressed this theme in various forms of Persian and Arabic poetry and prose.This study aims to apply the concepts of sustainability and resistance concerning Palestine and to design a pragmatic model in this context. The present research is developmental in its objective and qualitative in its approach, conducted through meta-synthesis. The statistical population includes a collection of articles published from 2013 to 2023 on the subject of resistance literature and the Palestinian struggle. The authors selected 66 articles out of 148 from prominent domestic scientific databases and, after content analysis, extracted the categories and concepts, prioritizing them using Shannon's entropy method.Based on the research findings, 32 concepts were identified and categorized into eight themes, which were further divided into two groups: negative and positive factors. The negative concepts include extensive human rights violations by the Zionists, severe criticism of the international community's silence, rejection of any compromise, and the denial of a heedless society. The positive concepts include the transition from Arab identity to Islamic identity, the expansion of the authority of bravery and martyrdom-seeking, coalition and unity, and the realization of the divine promise (depicting a bright horizon of victory).

Advocacy journalism, recognized as a significant and influential style of reporting, has garnered substantial attention from journalists in recent decades, particularly in the context of conflicts and disputes. By positioning themselves as advocates for the oppressed, journalists utilizing this style aim to convey the lived experiences and perspectives of marginalized groups to a wider audience. As demonstrated by the experiences of the Vietnam, Iraq, and Arab Spring conflicts, advocacy journalism can contribute to significant shifts in the trajectory and outcomes of oppressive conflicts. In the specific context of Palestine, it is argued that this style of reporting has the potential to significantly alter the international community's engagement with this complex issue. This article, employing an analytical and descriptive approach with a documentary review methodology, examines the ways in which advocacy journalism can illuminate the multifaceted dimensions of the Israeli occupation in the era of new media. The core hypothesis of this research posits that advocacy journalism, by utilizing new and independent media platforms, can play a crucial role in accurately representing Palestinian narratives and challenging Western media narratives that often support Zionism and contribute to the distortion of global public opinion.

International crises and the resulting crimes often raise questions about the underlying causes that threaten regional peace and security. Understanding these root causes is crucial for both strategically preventing future conflicts and managing current tensions. Theories, when applied to specific events, provide a valuable framework for analyzing complex realities and developing more effective interventions. The ongoing Palestinian-Israeli conflict, deeply rooted in ideological and identity-based differences, exemplifies this need for in-depth analysis. This research, employing a descriptive-analytical approach and utilizing documentary and library methods, aims to address the following question: What are the criminological and political roots of the persistent instability and recurrent crises in the Middle East, with a particular focus on the Israeli-Palestinian crisis? The historical and strategic depth of the conflicts in the Middle East, often intertwined with issues of identity, contribute to its perpetual state of conflict and crisis. This volatile environment also facilitates the commission of other international crimes in the region. Research findings indicate that to prevent future international crimes in the Middle East, this study identifies three critical strategies: bolstering the integrity of international organizations by ensuring their neutrality, promoting regional political and religious discourse without external influence, and facilitating the recognition of the State of Palestine through peaceful, politically-negotiated in accordance with international legal frameworks.

The issue of Palestine is one of the most complex and sensitive political and humanitarian crises in contemporary history, with impacts extending beyond regional borders and becoming a global discourse. In this context, the statements and positions of Ayatollah Khamenei play a pivotal role in shaping the Islamic discourse on Palestine. This importance has been further amplified in recent events, particularly after the "Al-Aqsa Storm" operation, as this event marked a turning point in the resistance of the Palestinian people and the shifting regional dynamics. Despite numerous studies on the issue of Palestine, there is a notable gap in the precise and qualitative analysis of the positions of Ayatollah Khamenei regarding the events following this operation. His statements, delivered in various forums, not only elucidate the political, ethical, and religious dimensions of this issue but also provide a comprehensive model for resistance and confronting the aggressions of the Zionist regime. This article, utilizing thematic analysis and the theoretical framework of discourse analysis, delves deeply into the strategies and positions of Ayatollah Khamenei against the aggressions of the Zionist regime. Examining key themes such as the vulnerability of the Zionist regime, the power of Palestinian resistance, unprecedented oppression and crimes, and the responsibility of the Islamic world, reveals the comprehensive and influential approach of the Leader in this discourse. The findings of the research indicate that Ayatollah Khamenei’s discourse positions resistance as the primary strategy for the liberation of Palestine, placing it at the core of the political-religious discourse of the Islamic world. His statements, by presenting a comprehensive model, have effectively strengthened the discourse of resistance and countering the ambitions of the Zionist regime.

Palestine has been under the occupation of Jerusalem for many years. During these years, thinkers, different governments, and international organizations have proposed many solutions for the Palestinian situation. Among these cases, the two-state solution has been. Considering the re-emergence of the military conflict between the Palestinians and the Zionist regime due to the Al-Aqsa storm operation, the present essay is devoted to the legal analysis of the two-state solution and its alternatives with a descriptive-analytical method. While the occupation regime of Al-Quds is trying to normalize the one-state solution, the Palestinians are against these normalization efforts. Therefore, by examining the existing proposals, we concluded that currently, alternative peace solutions, based on participation and equality between both national groups, such as the option of a single government or confederation, seem to be an impossible and unrealized future. Therefore, the only possible legal option for the Palestinian people is the right to resistance, intifada, and struggle to achieve the liberation and freedom of occupied Jerusalem from the grip of the occupiers.

"Crimes against humanity" gross violations of international criminal law and extreme forms of collective violence that are part of the systematic or widespread attack against a civilian population and are usually carried out by government agents. The purpose of writing this article is the feasibility of "administrative detention" of Palestinians as a crime against humanity by the Zionist regime. The working method is descriptive-analytical and using original library sources. Apparently, the administrative detention of Palestinians, which takes place without legal authorization and usually for security reasons, is a crime against humanity. In fact, since the Zionist regime unjustly violates the right to personal freedom of Palestinian civilians, it can be prosecuted by referring to the criminal titles of "imprisonment" or "persecution and harassment" in clauses (e) and (h) of Article 7 of the statute. Also, due to non-observance of the requirements of administrative detention, it is not far from mind to commit this crime through the realization of paragraph (k) of the aforementioned regulation; because this issue is in line with the regime's policy to take action against Palestinians andauses suffering and serious damage to the health of the detainees.

The establishment of the Israel regime in the Middle East caused ever-lasting conflict between the Arabs (Palestine) and Israel. Accordingly, the policies of the People's Republic of China, as one of the great powers, have been oriented from ideological protectionism before the 1980s to regional balancing after the 1980s. In this regard, the main question of the upcoming research is, what was China's position regarding the conflict between the Arab countries and Israel? The research hypothesis states that due to the influence of various political, military, ideological, economic, etc. factors, pragmatic policies have been the main indicator of China's response to this conflict. The findings of the research, which were obtained based on the descriptive-explanatory approach, indicate that China, influenced by the ideological element, while defending the cause of Palestine, condemned Israel several times and considered this state as the base for the West until the 1980s. It was introduced in the Middle East region, but since the 1980s, focusing on the economy in China's foreign policy, this country, while establishing diplomatic relations with Israel and maintaining ties with the Arabs, has adopted a policy of balancing power between the parties to the conflict. A fact that represents the transition of the People's Republic of China from ideological protectionism to regional balancing regarding the conflict between the Arab countries and Israel. In the framework of the balance of power theory, this research has analyzed policies and factors affecting China's policies regarding this conflict in two periods before and after 1980.

Al-Aqsa storm operation can be considered the biggest, most important and most fruitful operation of Palestinian groups against the Zionist regime in the last 75 years, which will change not only the security equations under the Shamat region, but also the security-political architecture of the entire West Asian region. Al-Aqsa storm is considered a big intelligence-security failure for the Zionist regime, which was immersed in the glory of having a powerful and invincible military-security apparatus, and this will also change many of the constructions that were formed about the Zionist regime. Based on this, The article, using descriptive-analytical method and using library and documentary sources, seeks to answer the question of what consequences the Al-Aqsa storm operation had on the national security of israel? The hypothesis of the research is that the operations of Palestinian groups on October 7 had negative consequences on the national security of the Zionist regime in military, political, social and economic dimensions. Based on this, the findings of the research show that The operations of Palestinian groups on October 7, 2023, not only had domestic and regional consequences for the Zionist regime, but also threatened the national security of this regime from international dimensions, and the inefficiency of the intelligence apparatus of the Zionist regime, as well as the non-fulfillment of the military doctrine of this regime, in addition to internal problems and economic, as well as the challenge in the field of foreign policy after the Al-Aqsa storm operation, has overshadowed the pillars of the national security of the Zionist regime in various dimensions. It can create fundamental and long-term challenges for the Zionist regime in the future.

The successive visits of high-ranking American officials to Israel after the beginning of the Al-Aqsa storm are more to encourage Israel to continue the war against the defenseless Palestinian people than to reduce tension and achieve solutions such as the creation of a government. Therefore, in the latest meetings, this time, US Defense Minister Lloyd Austin and General Brown, the head of the US Joint Chiefs of Staff, traveled to Israel on December 16 to advise them on the continuation of the war, according to the media. Apparently, the purpose of these consultations is to provide a new strategy to carry out a limited and precise operation. White House National Security Adviser Jake Sullivan is another American official who has asked Israel to switch to low intensity operations in Gaza instead of heavy operations and to act according to the schedule. It seems that on the one hand, the American government is trying to reduce the international, regional and domestic pressures that are going on against America and Israel with speech therapy such as the two-state solution, and on the other hand, it is using the experiences of the American government in the past wars against ISIS and the Taliban. other Islamist groups at the disposal of the Israeli regime.

On October 7, 2023, the Palestinians launched a large, planned and precise attack against the Zionist regime, which was unique both in terms of military strategy and results. This research, in examining the Battle of Al-Aqsa Storm and the continuation of developments related to it in the first 7 months - including the operation of the Sadiq's Promise of the Islamic Republic of Iran - focusing on the society, the government and the Zionist army, has reached the conclusion that Al-Aqsa storm operation exposed the main weaknesses of the occupying regime in various social, economic, political, military and security fields as well as its criminal face in front of the eyes of the world and by showing the authority and capabilities of the resistance front, it opened the way for the final victory of the Palestinians.

The purpose of the present study is to review causes of the downfall of the labor party in Israel’s political arena. The main research question is: what have been the most important causes of the decline of the labor party in Israel within the past 2 decades? The research method is descriptive-analytic and the results showed that the labor party’s support and back up of peace negotiations in the Middle East and the failure of the talks have been the most important causes of the party’s downfall. From the view of Jewish voters, the above party has ignored Zionist values by some suggestions and conditions such as division of Jerusalem, creating 2 governments, and withdrawal from the Golan heights and south Lebanon. They hold that the extension of the Palestinian groups’ attacks is the result of the labor party’s talks which decreased the votes and social status. Moreover, some reasons like the party’s indifference to socialist values such as joint farms (Kibbutzniks) and more support to the rich class made the middle-class distance from the party and tend to rightist and religious parties instead. Therefore, it declined the power and penetration of this moderate party in the political arena of Israel.

The present research aims to analyze the course of relations between Persian Gulf Arab countries and Israel, specifically focusing on their transition from divergence to convergence. Drawing upon the system theory, this study explains the development of their relations from divergence to convergence. The findings underscore the significant impact of interaction and interdependence arising from shared challenges and opportunities, leading to convergence in political, economic, and scientific domains. However, it is important to acknowledge that the support and establishment of peaceful relations between these nations have also been influenced by the economic and political interests of major international powers in the West Asian region. If the normalization policy between Persian Gulf countries and Israel is solely driven by external pressures from Western, Hebrew, and Arab statesmen, the prospects for their relations appear bleak. Instead, such a policy could potentially serve as an indicator of potential tensions in future conflicts involving Israel, Palestine, and Lebanon. The growing cooperation between Iran and Persian Gulf Arab countries, in comparison to their cooperation with Israel, has the potential to not only balance the convergence but also establish a balance in terms of threats. In other words, for Iran's convergence with Persian Gulf countries in security, politics, and economics to have a significant impact on the international environment (both regionally and globally) and influence the mindset of Arab officials, it must surpass the dependence of Arab countries on Israel and redefine their behavioral boundaries.

The primary objective of this research is to examine the foreign policy options available to the Islamic Republic of Iran concerning the Palestinian issue. By employing a qualitative research methodology, we conducted interviews with 21 experts specializing in political science, management, future studies, and history. Additionally, administrators from the Palestinian embassy in Tehran were included in the sample. The experts and administrators were selected through the snowball sampling method. The interviews were carried out until saturation was reached. Subsequently, a thematic analysis was performed, resulting in the identification of 10 key themes. The findings revealed potential, likely, and desirable foreign policy scenarios for the Islamic Republic of Iran regarding the Palestinian issue. Among these scenarios, the preferred option is the establishment of democracy and the formation of a unified state in Palestine through a referendum.

Through policies and strategies in various dimensions (political, military, economic, cultural and social), Israel seeks to attract new allies in different parts of the world, including in Africa. In this regard, the African Union has recently accepted Israel as an observer member of the union. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to analyze the dimensions and objectives of Israel's presence and influence in Africa. The present study uses a descriptive-analytical method to answer the question, what are the dimensions and goals of Israel's presence in Africa? The findings of this study show that due to the prevailing policy of Alliance of the periphery doctrine and its shaping factors in Israel, and enjoying the geopolitical, geo-economic and geostrategic advantages of African countries and having great economic, security and military potentials, as well as taking into account the pragmatic political and economic considerations of African countries, Israel seeks to expand its relations with these countries and increase its presence on the African continent, with goals such as enhancing its international legitimacy and political prestige, undermining the anti-Israel unity of the Arab-Islamic countries, downplaying the Palestinian question, responding to a shift in US regional policy, and increasing its security and as well as achieving its strategic confrontation with Iran and its allies (promotion of water security and population security) and economic exploitation.

The forced migration of the Palestinian people has been part of a systematic policy to suppress and control the Palestinian people since the establishment of the Zionist regime in 1948. This hostile policy has been followed since the formation of this regime and reached its peak in 2007 with the siege of Gaza and the worsening of living conditions and the facing of the people of this region with all kinds of security, military, health and humanitarian threats. The purpose of these actions was to de-Palestinize the occupied territories, prevent the formation of resistance groups and the forced migration of the Palestinian people from their ancestral land by the Zionists, which is still being pursued by them. Forced displacement is a clear example of a crime against humanity in international law texts and human rights statements, and many resolutions have been created and condemned in various regional and international institutions and organizations regarding this phenomenon. In the most recent case of cruel forced migration of the Palestinian people by the Zionists, we can mention the Al-Aqsa storm. Operation "Al-Aqsa Storm" took place to condemn the years of oppression, suffering and displacement of the Palestinian people, a response to the disregard of the Palestinians' indisputable rights to their ancestral land, the lack of the right to self-determination and many legitimate and indisputable freedoms of the Palestinian people, which were violated by the Zionist regime with Cruelty, excessive and unjustifiable violence and the continuation of genocide and displacement of the Palestinian nation were answered. The current research aims to analyze the documents, agreements, articles and provisions in the texts and conventions related to international law and human rights, to deal with the issue of forced migration from the perspective of international and humanitarian law, and the degree of conformity of the findings to examine the rights of the current situation of the Palestinian nation.

Resistance does not happen only through guns and bullets, but literature can also become a form of resistance. National literature can be seen as the representation of feelings, thoughts and ideas of a nation about its homeland. When this issue is accompanied by war, occupation, revolution, chaos, etc., it becomes more tragic and becomes one of the means of resistance against the enemy. Among the different types of literature in Palestine from the past until now, what has been more colorful than other types of literature are poetry, which shows that poetry has more depth than stories, plays, novels and other literary forms, and also has a great difference in terms of diversity with other forms. This article tries to investigate the emergence of Palestinian resistance literature by examining the contemporary history of Palestine and find out how social phenomena have caused the formation of Palestinian resistance literature. Literature that has played a serious role in the resistance of the people of this country. Based on this and considering the compatibility of Skinner's hermeneutic method with sociology of knowledge, both of which seek to establish a link between social and political context and time with concepts and ideas, Skinner's hermeneutic method has been used in this article.

The Palestine issue has held a central position in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Since its inception, the Islamic Republic of Iran has pursued a policy of non-alignment and protection of Muslims, marked by the non-recognition of the Israeli regime and the protection of Palestinian rights. This article aimed to elucidate the foreign policy perspective of the Islamic Republic of Iran regarding the Palestine issue, with a primary focus on formulating possible, likely, and desirable scenarios for Iran’s future foreign policy on this matter.

As an exploratory endeavor, the present research employed a qualitative research method, which consisted of two stages: an initial exploratory study involving extensive reading and subsequent interviews. The research did not involve a statistical population; instead, a community of experts comprising 21 individuals was selected through the snowball sampling method.

The interviews were conducted until reaching the saturation stage. Then, nine themes were identified through thematic analysis. The identified themes encompassed the main statements derived from the interviews. They are as follows:Prioritizing the Palestine issue and emphasizing its significance in Iran’s constitution, as well as the necessity of supporting anti-Israeli resistance according to Imam Khomeini’s perspective, as national religious duties and fundamental pillars of the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran;Supporting the resistance front, fostering unity, aligning goals among resistance groups against Israeli dominance, and establishing strong ties with countries that maintain anti-Israel policies;The lack of public incentive to support Palestine attributed to distrust in domestic policymakers, divisions among Muslims, and lack of consensus and a single voice on the part of the regional superpower concerning the Palestinian cause;Potential compromises involving recognition of the Palestinian government, alongside the importance of Islamic unity and awakening;Supporting Palestine as a national project, requiring a unified stance and support from all branches of government, including political, economic, social, military, and cultural sectors, as well as academic and research institutions;Supporting the resistance front and pursuing common goals against Israeli monopolization, while fostering strong relationships with the countries opposing Israel;Advocating for international laws pertaining to Palestine, planning and overseeing referendums, and championing the right to self-determination;Highlighting Israeli vulnerabilities, dismantling the perception of Israeli invincibility, exposing the true nature of Israel, and refusing to recognize it;Restoring the lost rights of Palestinians and reclaiming control over their territories;Achieving absolute dominance in the Middle East and gaining control over its financial and economic resources as Israel’s main objective, in addition to its strategic positioning.

In conclusion, the following strategies are recommended for Iran’s foreign policy on Palestine. First, the regional crisis indicates that the Middle East experiences the highest political and security unrest compared to other regions. This is primarily due to the conflicting security policies pursued by actors with different identities. The United States has focused its national security strategies on the Middle East. Iran should aim to create a regional and Islamic identity among the actors in order to foster constructive interaction. Each country in the Middle East has its own identity incentive to play its political role. Therefore, any regional innovations by Iran in addressing the Palestinian conflict and promoting Middle East peace should take into account making an identity model. The emergence of Islamic groups has transformed the nature of conflicts in the region, highlighting the influence of identity and ideological trends. These factors have also imposed limitations on the United States and Israel.Second, the redress of Palestinian rights is the main issue in the Middle East. Iran should play a role in establishing a strong, integrated government in Palestine as a first step towards finding an Islamic identity and reducing ongoing bloodshed in theregion. Other countries must recognize the Palestinian government. Third, the increasing conflicts in Palestine keep the peace proposal to come into effect and help stablish two governments in this region. Iran’s foreign policy goal on Palestine should be to support the idea of establishing a unified Palestinian government based on the majority demands. Organized support for Palestinian fighters is necessary under these circumstances. However, if Palestinian groups reject Iran’s policy, a new wave of anti-violence policies will emerge in the region. Therefore, revolutionary movements in Palestine should be recognized internationally, especially by the Islamic world. This recognition will help protect the revolutionary identity and resistance in Palestine by preventing Israel from repressing them.  Finally, Iran’s foreign policy towards Palestine relies on the support of its own people. It is crucial for Iran to maintain and protect this public support at any cost. While the current support is largely based on religious beliefs, the government should also clarify other aspects of its policy to the people. Addressing any questions or concerns that arise will help reinforce Iran’s policy on supporting the Palestinian cause. Therefore, Iran’s foreign policy on Palestine should be backed by comprehensive national support, and any compromise in this regard is tantamount to compromising Iran’s Islamic and revolutionary identity.

In recent years, the analysis of speeches by political and religious officials worldwide has received great attention and interest. One of the most analytically robust and compelling theories in this field is the speech act theory developed by John Austin and John Searle. In his theory, John Searle categorized speech acts into five types: declarative, persuasive, commitment, expressive, and emotional. This article aims to analyze the speeches and statements of Imam Khomeini (RA) regarding the Palestinian issue through the lens of the speech act theories of J.L. Austin and John Searle. This research is descriptive-analytical in nature and employs a method that aligns the subject with the relevant theory. The statistical population consists of a compilation of speeches by Imam Khomeini (RA) regarding the Palestinian issue, spanning from 1978 (following the victory of the revolution) until his passing on June 14, 1989. These speeches are documented in the book "Sahifeh Imam, which serves as the most comprehensive collection of the written works and statements of the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The data collection method utilized a library approach, employing a card-taking tool and a total count strategy. The research findings indicated that, out of a total of 419.2 speech acts analyzed in this text, persuasive acts numbered 868, declarative acts totaled 847, and emotional acts reached 595, representing the largest categories. In contrast, commitment acts accounted for 104, while the smallest category was declarative acts, which numbered only 5. The results indicate the speaker's dissatisfaction with the current situation in Palestine and the Islamic world. In other words, Imam Khomeini (RA) has sought to express his discontent to the audience through persuasive, declarative, and emotional statements, aiming to motivate them to change the existing circumstances.