جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « water governance » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

Over the past two decades, the Zayandeh Rud River basin has faced numerous challenges in water resource management, resulting in widespread stakeholder dissatisfaction. In light of governance principles, effective policy-making in this area necessitates an understanding of each actor’s impact on the problem’s various dimensions and their interrelationships. This research aims to determine which actors influence the Zayandeh Rud River basin’s water governance network within Isfahan province’s geographic area and to what extent. Using a governance framework, this paper identifies 21 groups of water actors within the specified geography. Data collection and theoretical saturation were achieved through the analysis of data from 72 research participants using network analysis methods. The research data was analyzed using UCINET software, utilizing structural analysis and value component implementation capabilities, and visualized using NETDRAW software. The results reveal the formation of a unique influence network on water resource management, which is not conducive to optimal water governance. This network comprises a variety of actors with distinct capabilities and behaviors, resulting in specific impacts on water issues.

Zayandeh-Roud basin has been one of the most challenging basin in the country in recent years. Challenges that cover various fields of political, social, economic, security, etc and has focused attention on how water governance in this basin. Based on this, in the present study, the structure of water governance in Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari province has been investigated using the network analysis method. The current research, while counting the activists in the form of 21 groups, has tried to answer the question that each of the activists of the water governance network in the Zayandeh-Roud basin, what position and role do they have in the water governance system?. Because governance requires the participation of all stakeholders. To answer this question, the research data was analyzed using the value components index in the UCINET software to identify two networks of influence and information exchange. The results of the research indicate that the position of each of the actors counted in the mentioned networks is not proportional to the concept of water governance in its network form. And on the other hand, it draws an opaque and inefficient structure, the output of which is weakness in the management of water resources and dissatisfactions and social, political and security challenges. An overview of the research findings has also been drawn using Netdraw software.

Governments in water-based civilizations have been stronger than society due to organizational consolidation, and water and its consumption have caused water to play its essential role in shaping the socio-political relations of nations and human societies. Therefore, the main question of the research is what are the requirement of state and society interaction in Iran water governance? Findings of the research based on descriptive-analytical method show that the state in Iran due to its ability to penetrate, the ability to regulate social relations and resource allocation has made it stronger than society. Factors that strengthen the state in Iran in the field of water are: port transfer, licensing, water treatment, structural policy, pricing policy, obtaining permits for diversions, increasing population and raising living standards, agricultural and industrial growth, resolving disputes between water applicants, creating economic and socio-cultural incentives. To change water management, we need to change the behavior of state and society in the form of water governance. The strategic implication that should be considered in the interaction of the state and society in the water governance include: Sustainable Behavior Change, National Dialogue, Institutionalization and Creation Efficient and Effective Structure, holistic thinking, attention to the historical and cultural background, social learning, referential of the water governance.

Water resources management in the Central Plateau of Iran and Zayandeh-Rud River basin, as the only permanent river of this plateau, has faced serious challenges which has challenged the lives and livelihoods of most residents and beneficiaries.The aim of this study was to identify and explain the causes of the crisis in the Water Policies of Zayandeh-Rud River Basin from the perspective of beneficiaries in the western townships of Isfahan province. The reseerch method of the styudy was qualitative type and by the Thematic analysis approach. In this study, data were collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews and have been done with 51 beneficiaries in Falavarjan, Mobarakeh, Shahin Shahr and Maymeh, Khomeini Shahr, Lenjan, Chadegan, Fereydunshahr, Fereidan and Buin cities.In this study, first 195 causes announced by the participants were investigated and after removing similarities and repetitions, they were counted in the form of 76 basic concepts and analysed relying on the data encoding process in the Thematic analysis, in the open laying stage, were obtained 15 main concepts from these concepts. The findings of this study indicate that the concept (core) of the nucleus, which is the cause of the water crisis in these cities, has emerged under the influence of four categories of political, legal, climatic and ethnic-cultural causes.

In recent years, the water crisis in Iran has become public with manifestations such as drying of lakes, rivers and wetlands, groundwater depletion, land subsidence, water quality degradation, soil erosion, desertification and dust storms and has consequences in various ways. ; However, the main consequences have been the occurrence and intensification of security problems such as the weakening of the legitimacy of the system and national power, insurgency and turmoil, local and regional tensions. Using a descriptive method and using library resources, this study first seeks to describe the water crisis as a security problem in Iran and then to explain the institutionalist model with the aim of policy making. The center of gravity of institutionalist analysis is the emphasis on the role of institutions as an independent variable in shaping the processes and outcomes of individual and collective actions through the enactment and implementation of law. Among these, laws such as the Law on Preservation and Protection of Groundwater Resources, the Law on Water and its Nationalization, and the Law on Fair Distribution of Water are among the laws related to the water basin; But overall, they have not been able to reduce or eliminate the water crisis. Overall, it seems that policy-making based on the institutional model will lead to a better understanding of the inefficiency of past laws and redefine the relationship between institutions involved in water management through new legislation, improved governance and political water economy, and thus reduced security consequences of the water crisis

Water shortages have turned into one of the most important issues in the Middle East and in particular for the Islamic Republic of Iran. The yearly water use in Iranian homes is twice the world average. It is for this reason that it is necessary to try and reform the usage pattern of Iranian households. Various studies have shown, the most significant reasons for excessive water usage is the public’s lack of education regarding correct water usage. Thus, the matter of water shortages must be assessed within the frameworks of societal systems and solutions, which encourage public participation, must be offered. These systems are referred to as Water Governance. In order to provide a suitable framework for correct water usage, the public’s knowledge in this regard and their participation must be increased and their outlook on water usage must also be altered. A suitable tool, which can be used to bring about public awareness and a change of attitude towards water usage, is to create a social market for it. The main aspect of social marketing is the voluntary alteration of societal norms.Social marketing uses the principles and methods of commercial marketing to create communication and a transfer of ideals aimed to affect the behavior of certain targeted people. Therefore, this study has taken into account the necessity of reforming Water Governance, and has analyzed the role of social marketing in changing the attitudes towards water usage and the voluntary participation of people in this initiative. A qualitative method was employed, previous studies were analyzed, and library sources were used. This study found, using new forms of technology to reduce water usage, placing penalties and rewards, making advertisements and informing the public, law reforms and policy changes, the role of families and schools, religious teachings and public organizations, the expansion of virtual societal campaigns, education and awareness, the participation of governmental and societal organizations, and public determination, are all issues that must be addressed within the framework of social marketing.

After half a century of the ineffectiveness of the ‘hydraulic mission’ approach in Iran's water resource management, policymakers are looking for ways to get out of the current situation by using people's capabilities. Despite participatory policy-making, the goal has not been achieved. While the "command and control" is dominant, albeit weak, mode of the country's water governance, the water crisis has intensified. In this article,  examine Iran’s policy of participatory water management and history of  the collapse of traditional water management, as well as analyze the latest guidelines of the water participatory policy using "normative practice theory”. after analyzing the content of the mentioned instruction, the existing rules were classified based on the classification of the NPM and the points of friction between these rules were determined. The results show that not only a few of the policies have mutually contradictory directions, but also that the structure of the participatory water management policy is not aligned with its goals. water management has multi-layered and complex dimensions, adding the regulation of a set of participatory policies as a rule to the macrostructure of the policies cannot lead to participatory management.

The Supreme Council of Water (SCW) on highest level of political power of water governance has directed the actors and facilitated the linkage between actors and action area (agriculture, drinking, industry, and environment). Describing this responsibility of SCW based on its enactmentsfrom 2010 to 2019 is the main purpose of this research. In order to obtain the purpose, the Content Analysis and Network Analysis were applied in this study. Based on the content analysis of SCW documents, the actors of first level of political power (Ministry of Energy, Planning and Budget Organization, and Ministry of Agriculture Jihad) are the most hegemonic of all actors in action arena. Also, the network analysis of “the linkage of actors-action area” demonstrate that an asymmetric nested structure of water governance has formulated in Iran and has had low capacity to develop the social learning. However, the SCW could be effective by considering on institutionalization of continuing education in action arena.

Today, globally, this idea is increasingly accepted that the water crisis in most of the countries is in fact the crisis of water governance. According to the importance of water governance in water resources policy, in this paper, we try to focus on the Iranian water policies over 24 years with the help of the network analysis method. The findings of this study indicate that due to the excessive focus of decision-making power in the hands of government agencies (particularly the ministry of energy), lack of the possibility of stakeholders and the non - governmental sector participation in the water resources policy, the political dimension of water governance in Iran has been a real failure. This is one of the most important factors that underlies the inefficiency of the water policy and finally a serious cause of water crisis in Iran.