جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « آسیب پذیری » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

Establishing security for reference (valuable) objectives and key assets requires identifying the risks that threaten them. By identifying these risks, a security plan can be prepared according to the realities of the scene, and by implementing the mentioned plans, the available capacity (force, equipment and technical tools) can be used to the maximum. The present research in terms of purpose; practical and in terms of method and nature; It is descriptive-survey of correlation type. Considering that the topic is related to threats and vulnerabilities, so, knowledgeable, expert and experienced people should be used in the sample population studied. Therefore, the sampling method of this research has been selected as a full number and purposeful, and all 80 people of the statistical population were selected to answer the questions of the questionnaire, of which 44 items of the questionnaire were obtained in full. The research model provides a framework for estimating threats and vulnerabilities, plans for dealing with threats and eliminating vulnerabilities, and evaluating actions taken to deal with threats and eliminating vulnerabilities. According to the results of the one-sample t-test, the existence of independent and dependent. variables of the research (security threats, subversion, social-cultural, general-economic threats, as well as protection, security, social-cultural and general vulnerabilities-economic) was strongly proved in the studied society. The P-value obtained between these variables also shows this. Also, according to the result of the structural equation technique, that is, the factor loading is more than 0.3 and the positive T-statistic is more than 1.96, the effect of the variables on each other was also confirmed.

 Vulnerability assessment is one of the prerequisites of risk analysis in natural disaster management. Meanwhile, one of the sensitive and important uses in urban areas is military centers, which prepare vulnerability maps due to natural hazards and identify military centers at risk, leading to more optimal measures in times of crisis. . Therefore, the purpose of this study is to prepare maps of vulnerability caused by earthquakes and floods in order to identify military centers exposed to damage in different decision-making scenarios. To achieve this goal, first, the effective criteria for evaluating earthquake and flood vulnerability were placed in three groups: exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. Using the opinions of experts and the hierarchical analysis process model, the importance of each of the criteria was determined. Fuzzy functions and ordered weighted average method model have been used respectively to normalize the criteria map and prepare vulnerability maps in different scenarios. Also, the situation of military centers against natural hazards was evaluated. The results showed that the number of vulnerable military centers increases with the increase in the degree of ORness. The earthquake (flood) vulnerability maps showed that in ORness=0, out of a total of 37 military centers, 2 and 0 in the class with very high and high vulnerability, respectively, but in ORness=1, 20 and 32 centers in the class with Vulnerability was very high.

Since the 1990s, the conflicts and tensions between Muslims and Hindus have increased, and by entering the 21st century, it has increased. For this reason, the aim of the research is to investigate the cause of the spread of the conflicts and tensions between Hindus and Muslims since the 1990s and especially in the 21st century.

The research is based on Hypothetical-Deductive method, and the hypothesis is investigated by applying the concepts of Ethnic and Religious Nationalism. The method of data collection is based on Documentary Research.

Anti-Muslim sentiments have increased in India with the spread of influence and power of extreme Hindu nationalists. By increasing their influence in the political and social arena and by emphasizing the vulnerability of Hindus, Hindu nationalists falsely represent Indian Muslims as a threat to the unified Hindu values, population and unity of India. This distorted and promoted view of Muslims has caused the escalation of conflicts and tensions between Muslims and Hindus, and justification of misconducts and malfeasances towards Indian Muslims.

Extreme Hindu nationalism or Hindutva emerged as a contemporary phenomenon with the aim of defending the values ​​of Hinduism, and institutions related to Hindutva are gaining more influence and popularity in the society. For Hindu nationalists, the defense of the Hindu national identity is a priority and they consider the Hindu identity equal to the national identity of India. In other words, the criteria for evaluating the citizenship of Muslims is measured based on the nationalist values and standards of Hindutva. This type of view of Muslims has questioned pluralism and coexistence between religions in India and can affect the entire political atmosphere of India.

Industrial-economic infrastructure is one of the most important goals in hybrid warfare as well as terrorist attacks, which is aimed to weakening the resistance will in the society and the inability of governments to provide the necessary services and continuity of activities. Therefore, the implementation of passive defense projects and the protection of these centers are essential to reduce vulnerability and increase deterrence and national resilience to crises. Considering the importance of urban water infrastructure in the general order of society, The aim of this study is "risk analysis of urban water infrastructure against basic biological, cyber, military and security threats with passive defense approach". Accordingly, the main question is; "What is the risk analysis of the attack on urban water infrastructure with basic biological, cyber, military and security threats in water and sewage companies?" »Research is applied-developmental in terms of purpose and analytical-contextual in type. To answer in a combined way, library methods have been used to classify assets, Also, the expert meeting method has been used with the cooperation of 15experts and managers to score threats, vulnerabilities and complete the tables of risk assessment and analysis. The results show that the highest risk factor of main water supply infrastructure in biological attack on wells and water production resources with a risk factor of 630. the highest risk factor in the main functions of water supply was assigned to: The biological attack on the function of water supply services with a risk factor of 800.

Cultivation of religious identity is one of the priorities of educational systems, especially education, which always faces harm. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the causes of vulnerability of the educational system in cultivating students' religious identity.The research method is qualitative. The analytical community is education specialists, principals, educators and teachers of religious education of girls' secondary schools in Tehran who were selected by purposive sampling method based on their experiences, concerns, interest in the subject and participation in the study.The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. The method of data analysis was thematic analysis, which was performed simultaneously and continuously with the data collection process. The causal factors of vulnerability in the cultivation of religious identity are: the weakness of educational system policy in various fields, such as: approach, training of human resources, planning of religious education, and the disconnection between effective factors in education. The underlying factors of the vulnerability of religious identity development are: lack of attention to the developmental needs of teenagers, the weakness of families in the religious education of their children, the exclusive and ideological view of the political system on religion. And the intervening factors are: modernism, weak performance of religious institutions, the media, and the group of friends. Therefore, it is necessary to face the vulnerable factors of developing the religious identity of students in the formal and public education system, rethinking the role of the three effective factors in the development of religious identity.

Due to the lack of a common energy policy in the European Union because of the differing dependence of its members on Russian resources, different geographical conditions and diverse incentives, the Union has committed itself to adhering to a specific security policy for energy. A long-term strategy based on interdependence with the energy market, European unity, and improved governance in energy-producing countries. The present paper analyzes the complex energy relations between Russia and the European Union, which are at the same time involved in conflict and cooperation, in the Charter of "Asymmetric Interdependence". The purpose of this research is to discover and present the reasons for adopting a European Union collective strategy to provide sustainable and secure energy security. In order to achieve this purpose using a theoretical analysis, we identify the EU and Russia's sensitivity and vulnerability axes in terms of energy and the prospects for future interdependence in the forthcoming decades and ultimately conclude from the increasing trend that the symmetric interdependence on the issue of energy security between the two sides, neither party will be able to carry out their own security considerations without regard to the other party's security.

So far, several researches have been conducted on the subject of prevention of various damages of virtual networks and various solutions have been presented. Police personnel are known as cyberspace users both for their job descriptions and for using this space in their personal lives, and the damage reported in meta-analysis articles also affects police officers. Therefore, in order to make the best use of the results of previous research by police users, previous articles should be reviewed and evaluated in a scientific way and similarities, differences and contradictions of the results should be identified, which will be possible through meta-analysis.

This article tries to evaluate the previous articles in different dimensions by using meta-analysis technique and emphasizing the vulnerability of law enforcement personnel as a part of community level users. Therefore, 17 scientific articles (14 scientific-research cases and 3 promotional cases) related to the subject were selected through a scientific database and reviewed based on different criteria.

the highest ranking of results and findings of articles with a quantity of 27.7%, related to vulnerabilities related to family injuries (harms against public decency and immoral issues), the second rank with a quantity of 25% to the barriers and challenges of cyber injury prevention programs and the third rank with a quantity of 15% is assigned to the malicious content of cyberspace. Some of the strengths of the articles are: the useof rich theories, variety in the use of various research methods and ... Finally, some of the weaknesses of previous research: In the articles, immoral harms and immoral issues are considered more than expected, the numerous benefits of cyberspace are ignored, and none of the articles mention the benefits of cyberspace. Introducing the age range of cyberspace users as the most vulnerable group.

Resistive economy pattern to be executed requires the presence of all institutions, ministries, and organizations of the country so that they can make possible the implementation of this pattern by complementary planning. The present research, with the aim of providing appropriate requirements for foreign policy to strengthen the national economy, seeks to answer the main question, what are the foreign policy requirements of Iran in realizing the pattern of the resistive economy? This research tries to use the descriptive-analytical method and using the model of "Political Economy of Foreign Policy Based on the Realization of the Resistive Economy Pattern" to explain strategic plans and requirements of the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran for achieving resistive economics. The method of collecting information is also libraries and documents. The findings of the research show that Iran's foreign policy by activating the coordination role (coordinating other institutions and ministries), opportunity building (the de-securitization of the country, constructive interaction with the countries of the region and the world), and pave the way in both domestic and foreign areas (facilitating trade, facilitating banking exchanges the use of Currency Swap and Block-Chain payment system), can take a step in

The increasing militarism of the Zionist regime and its security measures over the past few decades in order to counter the threat posed by the security complex formed under the name of the Axis of Resistance, has led to increased vulnerability and numerous gaps due to lack of attention to other aspects of security in this regime. This research is of practical importance due to the impact of the Axis of Resistance on the vulnerability of the Zionist regime. The present research seeks to answer the fundamental question of what effect do Axis of Resistance-based threats have on the vulnerabilities of the Zionist regime? This study shows that the military and political threats of the Axis of Resistance have led to the impact on critical infrastructure, increasing insecurity, creating socio-political gaps, damaging deterrence and intensifying the crisis of legitimacy as the most important vulnerabilities in the Zionist regime. The approach of researchers in this article is descriptive-analytical and documentary and field methods have been used to collect data. For data analysis, a model based on combination of the two theories of the Copenhagen school and the Deegan-Krause's theory of social gap has been used as the basis theory of the analysis.

Changing the enemy's approach in soft ways can drastically change the public security of the country. In this regard, the social approaches of the police based on passive defense is one of the coping strategies that has been addressed in this research. This study was conducted to investigate the environment and enumerate threats, opportunities, strengths, weaknesses and social functions of the police and to develop strategies based on passive defense and to draw the desired path. First, by holding a briefing workshop among the first level managers of NAJA Social Affairs, environmental factors with the model of developing a modified strategy of David and Ahmadvand by elite method with distribution of EFE and IFE matrices, 17 weaknesses, 13 strengths, 17 opportunities and 23 threats were counted and then summarized. They were determined in the matrix of strategic position, social position of the police in the current situation, "mild defensive" and in the achievable position of "mild offensive" and favorable situation (9-9) according to the 1404 vision. To achieve the achievable and desirable situations, 28 strategies based on the passive defense strategic plan were presented for the strength and stability of the police social infrastructure.

Parallel with the establishment of the government and the power of the revolutionaries of the Jungle Movement in Gilan, the attention of the revolutionaries and the newly formed government of the October Revolution of 1917 was drawn to them. The Jungle Revolutionary Movement (1296-1299) was challenged by several ideologies and systems of government, but always pursued a change in the authoritarian and old monarchy. The Jungle Movement passed through several ideologies and succeeded in forming the first republican system in Iran, but soon fell. This study examines the question of why and how the first government of the Republic of Iran fell by the Jungle Movement with an explanatory-interpretive approach and with an analytical-explanatory method. The answer hypothesis states that the government of the Jungle Movement led by Mirza Kuchak had reached the riddle of the void government after the formation of the first republic, so it was seriously damaged and fell. Analysis and interaction of two factors make the sensitivity and vulnerability of this transition process meaningful. The present study has concluded that the sensitivity of the Iranian society in the center and in Gilan towards the interim forest government had increased at a high level. At the same time, the government of the forest movement was faced with the mystery of a void government. These conditions coincided with the policy of overthrowing the British government and ended its socio-political life.

IoT technology is one of the emerging technologies that allows data to be sent and received between objects through communication networks and is the source of dramatic changes in various fields, including the military. Utilizing this technology, in addition to the many benefits it will have for military organizations, also have some threats, the most important of which is security. , identifying the threats posed by this emerging technology is a very vital issue. Since determining the use of IoT technology in the military environment depends on determining the importance of threats posed by this technology, the purpose of this study is to rank IoT threats in the military field and the main question of the research is that in Which of the IoT threats is more important in the military field? This research is a descriptive method with a mixed approach (quantitative and qualitative) and using multi-criteria operational research methods. To measure threats, five criteria were used to determine the impact of the threat, the amount of damage in the event of a threat, the impact of the threat on the decision-making area, the impact of the threat as a result of the battle and the reversibility of the threat. The statistical population of this research includes 7 experts and 50 experts in the field of cyber and military. According to the results of this study, among military organizations, among the various threats of IoT technology, threats based on violations of the physical security of systems are more important.

In this study we investigate the relationship between oil revenues (Oil and gas exports) and economic resistance of oil exporting countries using panel vector autoregression (PVAR) during 1995-2015. The sample includes Algeria, Azerbaijan, Canada, Colombia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Mexico, Norway, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Trinidad and Tobgo, UAE and Malaysia. We calculate Brigaglio et al. (2009) index of economic resistance for oil exporting countries. The comparison of countries shows that Iran is not in a good position compared to other countries. The results indicate that the revenues from natural resources reduce economic resistance. Also results of causality test show oil revenues is cause of economic resistance in oil exporting countries.

Cities are the most important targets of an enemy invasion because of the high population density and the place of capital accumulation. Accordingly, this study seeks to rank the vulnerability of the five regions of Urmia city against the dangers of unexpected events and war based on passive defense principles by investigating and identifying effective indicators. This research, based on its purpose, is an applied research and according to the method of work, has an analytical nature. In this study, after studying and analyzing the related documents and resources of passive defense, 14 indicators that are related to some principles of passive defense including principles of dispersal, hardening and localization were selected and then hierarchical analysis process method was used for giving weight to the indices. For performing spatial analyses, index data layers were first digitized and edited in GIS software and by converting data layers into raster and classifying them, the calculated coefficient of significance (via hierarchical analysis method) was multiplied in each index and by using the weighted sum of the indices, the vulnerability was measured in the five districts of Urmia city. In the final step, the vulnerability of the five regions of Urmia city was ranked according to the TOPSIS model. The results indicate that the vulnerability of the five regions of Urmia city are from top to bottom, respectively, regions five, one, three, four and two and also in most of the cases, they are associated with weaknesses in the principle of dispersal, hardening and localization.

Security of information systems is a critical issue that many organizations facing today, and includes three dimensions of human, technical and process. There are also some technical attitudes and approaches in most studies in this area. The purpose of this study is to provide a new model that addresses the security requirements for dealing with threats and fixing vulnerabilities in all three dimensions. Therefore, 255 articles were reviewed using the above-mentioned approach. After evaluation, 76 articles were approved for final examination and extraction of codes. Of these articles, 47 threats in 8 categories; 31 vulnerabilities in 8 floors; 15 human requirements; 34 technical requirements in 7 general categories and 17 process requirements. Finally, security requirements for dealing with each threat and fixing the vulnerabilities were selected and presented as a comprehensive framework. The greatest number of threats related to criminal activities / abuses and the lowest frequency is for human challenges. Among vulnerabilities, the highest frequency is related to the occurrence of criminal activity / abuse and the lowest frequency is related to weakness in failure / failure control. The most important human requirement is the development and implementation of training programs in the field of information security, the most technical requirements related to Information security mechanisms and systems, and the most important requirement is for the process of drafting laws, guidelines, instructions and Security requirements of information systems in the organization.

The exogenous economic shocks cause countries with a higher degree of vulnerability to be more influenced by them and be less able to reduce the negative effects of such shocks because in most cases, they are beyond control of countries. In contrast, countries with a high level of resilience can repair and reconstruct their economy after facing such economic shocks. In this regard and by considering economic exogenous shocks, especially oil price shocks on economy of oil-dependent countries that are mostly beyond their control, identifying the level of economic resilience and vulnerability in these countries has a considerable importance.
In the present research, there were calculated and extracted resilience and vulnerability indices for the selected oil countries from 2005 to 2012 using the indicators introduced by Brigoglio et al. The results showed that in 2012 economy of Iran, compared to some countries in the Persian Gulf region, had a better performance in terms of economic vulnerability index (a lower level of vulnerability); but in terms of resilience, it is at lower level in comparison with majority of the selected oil-dependent countries: in terms of economic resilience, Iran is in 16th place among 18 selected countries. Based on this indicator, Canada and Venezuela have the most and the least resilience respectively. In vulnerability index, Iran is in 12th place among 18 selected countries. Such a situation in areas of vulnerability and resilience indicates high vulnerability potential of the country against external shocks. By comparing the performance of different countries in areas of resilience and vulnerability we can say that oil income cannot be blamed as the sole reason of low resilience and high vulnerability. It is actually the style and method of management of different sectors of countries, especially management of oil incomes, that determines the level of their resilience and vulnerability. This issue requires special attention of economic and non-economic officials and politicians to resilience and vulnerability of the country.

The most important determinant factors of success and failure troops on the battlefield is understanding weather and its effect on moving forces, heavy equipment’s transportation and the weapons of both sides of the conflict. Hence, the role of environmental factors in the development or survival of a land war and population displacement could raise these factors as new security threats. The aim of this study is to recognize geography in terms of climate change, extreme precipitation indices (the military) that it done with benchmarking from the indices of climatology world meteorological organization and zoning each of them in the GIS and weighting indices by AHP during the 30 years from 1981 to 2010 were performed in two statistic population (51 synoptic meteorological station and a questionnaire survey among 80 individuals as a sample for weighting the indices). Given the high frequency of extreme precipitation events showed in the western half and drought indexes in the eastern half of the deployment and maintenance of equipment and systems of logistics and organization of the armed forces need to be considered these issues.