جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Copenhagen » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

The military invasion of Afghanistan exposed the aggressive approach of realism in US foreign policy aimed at achieving a balance of power and hegemony over enemies in Central Asia. The strategy was aimed at maintaining hegemony and ensuring maximum security by besieging regional powers through the deployment of strategic weapons and equipment, the extensive deployment of NATO troops, and interventionist policies to undermine the national security of Afghanistan's neighbors. Given these statements, the main question is what leverage did the United States use to undermine Iran's national security during its two decades in Afghanistan?

This article seeks to present the research hypothesis within the military, social and economic dimensions of the Copenhagen School through a descriptive-analytical method based on the collection of documentary-library and Internet sources.

strategies of military siege by military bases and the promotion of espionage plans from western Afghanistan, the expansion of ethnic and religious divisions aimed at promoting violence and tension in southeastern Iran to counter economic plans and the quantitative and qualitative development of drugs production were pursued near Iran's borders with the aim of undermining Iran's national security.

The large presence of US troops in Afghanistan and the deployment of fighter jets and strategic-espionage weapons at bases near Iran's northeastern border was the greatest threat to Iran's military security. On the other hand, direct financial and political support for ethnic separatists only intensified social violence, ethnic tensions and armed movements, and ultimately increased drug production in western Afghanistan, leading to border crossings and the spread of addiction in society. Weakened social and economic.

Armenia, Azerbaijan and Ukraine are located near Russia. Recent external developments are very important for Russia after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Thus, the Nagorno-Karabakh crisis in September 2020, which led to a 44-day conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan, as well as Ukraine's efforts to move closer to the West, provoked a Russian reaction. The present article descriptively-analytically seeks to answer the question of what has been Russia's foreign policy towards Nagorno-Karabakh and Ukraine? The findings in the context of the Copenhagen School's regionalism indicate that Russia has sought to refrain from interfering in the Nagorno-Karabakh war and supporting the country towards Azerbaijan in the wake of the proximity of the pro-Western Armenian government. The Ukrainian government has launched an offensive against the West and is trying to join NATO. However, Russia's policy toward Armenia over Ukraine over non-sanctions against Russia, public support for Russian mediation, and the deployment of peacekeeping forces appears to have been more successful than condemning the invasion of Ukraine, imposing sanctions on Russia, and lack of UN support. .

Europe is affected by developments and crises due to its proximity to the insecure region of the Middle East. Hence, it can be said that the emergence of the international terrorist group ISIS caused the issue of terrorism not only to be limited to West Asia, but also to directly and indirectly confront Europe with various destabilizing threats. This descriptive-analytical compilation study seeks to answer the question of how the emergence of terrorism has affected European countries and what have been the consequences? The findings show that, first, the terrorist acts of the group's members on European soil have posed security threats, and second, that the influx of Middle Eastern refugees into Europe has provoked a wave of reactions in Europe. Meanwhile, the European far right has used the issue of immigration for election campaigns and slogans, and has been widely welcomed.

The countries of the South Caucasus gained independence after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The existence of territorial disputes between Azerbaijan and Armenia led to fierce disputes. The Nagorno-Karabakh crisis is one of the major international issues in the post-Cold War era, which has become a chronic crisis in the international system. The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict on Iran's northern borders is both a direct and an indirect threat to Iran's national security and has social, economic and even political implications for Iran. The purpose of this study is to express the effects of the Qarabagh crisis on the security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. So the question is, what effects does the Nagorno-Karabakh crisis have on Iran's security? In response to this question, the hypothesis is that the Nagorno-Karabakh crisis could have an impact on Iran's economic security, social security, military security and political security.

Studies show that the narratives of non-indigenous security schools about the origins of ISIL's threats in the Islamic world are ineffective. So, it is necessary to know the exact pattern of ISIL's behavior in the Islamic world based on a local theory.

The main method of the present study; Deductive and its approach is critical and analytical. The method of data analysis is also qualitative.

Now the question is, why can't non-indigenous security schools recognize the origins of ISIS threats in the Islamic world? And how does the system of dominance Theory (presented by Ayatollah Khamenei) identify these threats? The author argues that Western security schools are incapable of this because of their connection to humanism, power, and the specific geopolitics of their thinking.

Rsult: 

In contrast, the System of dominance theory with a monotheistic worldview, in spite of any particular consideration of power and with an indigenous approach, regulates the causes, methods and goals of ISIL in the Islamic world. In this regard, the causes of ISIL's threats are in sharing ISIL's interests with the leaders of the system of dominance. (Marginalizing the pattern of resistance).

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the definition of security changed and terrorism was considered a threat to state security. The government of Iran and Afghanistan have been involved in the issue of terrorism and its security and political implications for many years. Meanwhile, Iran, especially Sistan and Baluchistan province, has suffered greatly from the presence of terrorist elements. As al-Qaeda and the Taliban have a relatively active presence in Afghanistan, ISIL's presence has now added to Afghanistan's security challenges and increased the security threats to Iran and Sistan and Baluchistan province. Accordingly, the present study seeks to answer the question, what security challenges will the Taliban and ISIS presence in Afghanistan have for Sistan and Baluchistan? According to the research question, our hypothesis is that the presence of Taliban and ISIS terrorist groups in Afghanistan could lead to social threats, such as changing the demographic structure, provoking Sunnis in the Balochistan region, economic threats including inter-state trade with regional countries, drug trafficking. In the political dimension, large-scale insecurity for the Iranian government and in the environmental dimension will aggravate the water crisis for the province. The research method is descriptive-analytical.

One of the most important evolutions in middle east through last years was the emerging of TAKFIRI or terrorist groups that has had influences on IRI. Beside its effects on security basics, it has threatened the safety of Islamic Republic of Iran in various aspects. So this investigation wants to answer the following question: How was the Strategies of foreign and security policies of IRI in confrontation to Takfiri groups in Syria, Iraq, and Yemen? The research method of this investigation is descriptive-analytical and the Copenhagen school has been chosen as security school and theoretical framework that attends security over than military security, but in social, economic, and political dimensions. The hypothesis of this research shows that IRI attends domestic strategies and approaches such as passive, international, and regional defense that includes alliance improvements and efforts in opening the democratic ways and applying different groups in power field against vast security threatens of TAKFIRI groups.