جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « intellectual property rights » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

The clause of the Law on Preventing and Countering Fraud in the producing Scientific Works, approved in 2016, is among the regulations that aim to protect intellectual property rights promote original and valuable science. Its purpose is to prevent and mitigate misconduct in the field of and technology, specifically those aimed at obtaining financial benefits or academic recognition. As the enforcement of this law has now reached the five-year mark, the objective of this research is to evaluate its implementation and to investigate any legislative and judicial challenges that may have arisen with an aim to provide useful solutions to the science and technology policymakers and legislators. In this article, an interpretive and analytical approach is used to analyze the content of the law and judicial procedures. Legislative and judicial challenges are examined, suggestions are provided based on the analysis of judicial decisions related to cases of fraud in the producing scientific works. These suggestions can enhance the effectiveness of the law and judicial procedures in achieving their intended objectives. Findings indicate that, despite the efforts of the policymaking body, the policy makes have challenges in achieving its goals in both preventing and addressing scientific fraud. However, through improved coordination between science and technology policymaking authority and the legislative and judicial bodies, the efficiency of the legal solutions can be enhanced, thereby reducing fraud in the producing scientific works.

The great mission of international law is ultimately to establish world order, peace and security, which is one of the most fundamental concerns of humanity today. Intellectual property law is also a bridge between international law and private law, it has the protection of international law and is currently one of the most important issues of the present age due to its unlimited application; Its importance becomes even more apparent when it breaks down geographical borders in the international arena, leads to growth, brings scientific advances to countries, and exhibits its effects from one country to another. But what is the role and place of intellectual property rights with such wide dimensions on the most important goal and mission of the international legal system, which is the realization of world order, peace and security? In this study, by examining the position of intellectual property rights in the international legal system, it was concluded that in addition to its positive effects on the fulfillment of international obligations, intellectual property rights also have negative effects on these obligations and in some cases lead to violations of international obligations. And endangers world peace and security. The production, invention, use and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction by intellectual property rights holders, the monopoly on the production of drugs, medical equipment, vaccines and sanctions for other countries are examples of violations of world peace and security that unfortunately in international intellectual property regulations There is no enforcement to prevent these cases, but sometimes

The informal economy is one of the most important influencing factors on the type of entrepreneurial activity. In this study, the role of the informal economy on the formation of entrepreneurial activities (opportunity and necessity-based entrepreneurship) with an emphasis on the institutional quality index in selected oil producing countries during the period 2018–2008 has been investigated. This was done by using the three stage least squares model. In addition, the MIMIC model was used to extract the hidden variable of the informal economy volume and the principal components. Furthermore, the analysis model was used to extract the institutional quality index.The results show that increasing unemployment, increasing tax rates and increasing natural resource rent lead to an increase in the informal economy in these countries, whereas an increase in the informal economy leads to a decrease in opportunity-based entrepreneurship and increases necessity-based entrepreneurship. These results suggest that if the goal is to improve opportunity-based entrepreneurship, macroeconomic policies should be designed to reduce unemployment and lower tax rates and natural resources rent, thereby reducing the size of the informal economy in these countries. In such circumstances, an increase in opportunistic entrepreneurship is possible and an improvement in the economic growth of this field can be expected.

The technological growth of developing countries, creating new markets, has transformed production and innovation processes. On the other hand, it has increased the competitiveness and increased the export of their industrial products to world markets and has threatened the comparative advantages. The globalization of trade competition has led developed countries to pursue other strategies based on intellectual property rights to maintain their competitiveness and share in international markets. The purpose of this article is to examine the role of intellectual property rights in the international trade of developing countries and to answer the question, what is the role of intellectual property rights in the economic prosperity and international trade of developing countries? In response to the question, it is hypothesized that intellectual property rights in knowledge-based companies play an effective role in the economic development of developing countries.

This research is designed and carried out to investigate the relationship between institutional quality, intellectual property rights and human capital with economic growth (case study of G7 countries). In this research, he studied the economic growth in the form of new theories of growth centered on institutional factors, and in addition to analyzing economic variables; Institutional variables in its two forms (economic institutions,property rights and political) were added to the model.Economic institutional variables are identified with the index of economic freedom and political institutions with the general title of rulers, which is based on six indicators of governance, of course, the index of democracy is The title of the political institutional variable was evaluated separately due to the different data source and the relative breadth of the discussion. The results obtained from the estimates made in this research indicate the important role of institutions in the economic performance of countries and the relevant coefficients show that good governance or in fact the institutions through which power is exercised in a country has positive effects on have economic growth and the coefficient related to the index of economic freedom and property rights as a positive economic institution is effective on economic growth among G7 countries.But in relation to the democracy index, as previous studies have shown,the effect of democracy on growth is ambiguous, but a relatively acceptable approach that can be relied on in this case is the indirect effect of democracy on growth through channels such as improving human capital

Brain circulation with the means of bilateral migration and the flow of brain among countries is one of the dimensions of globalization. Although Scholars found many benefits for the brain circulation, the unbalanced migration of brains from the country causes a sharp reduction in human capital as the main factor of development in the sending country. This study determines the effective level of intellectual property rights on increasing the brain circulation index using correlation analysis and Tukey method. The research data are obtained from the migration status of inventors in 98 countries in 2012 according to their nationality and residency. The findings of this study showed: firstly, although there is a significant inverse relationship between the level of intellectual property rights and the brain circulation, but their correlation coefficient is low, and secondly only if the intellectual property rights index increases to more than seven, there is a significant effect on brain circulation index. Further comparison of the level of intellectual property rights in Iran 2019, 4.4, with the results obtained showed that improving the level of rotation of elites using the policy of strengthening intellectual property rights requires legislation, regulation and spending large sums.

Copyright is a new issue in law which has changed a lot along with economic, industrial and cultural developments of human community. The term “copyright” is generally mentioned about the most important actions done related to literary and artistic works. A great deal of international cooperation has been done about copyright among the countries. One of the organizations active in this field is the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). On the other hand some issues emerge in the field of world trade which are connected to intellectual property and involve the organizations related to this category such as World Trade Organization (WTO). In this paper the concept and history of intellectual property law and especially copyright has been explained. Rules and regulations being developed among the countries to support copyright in WIPO and WTO and the relationship between these two organizations have been reviewed. WIPO and WTO are two originations that have a great role to support copyright in international arena. WTO due to the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) which is the most important agreement of this organization and also WIPO due to management and implementation of several treaties such as Bern Convention, have done a great deal to support copyright. In this paper, rules and regulations of copyright in these two international organizations have been reviewed through descriptive-analytical methods. The purpose of present thesis is to know more about the rules and regulations to support copyright in WIPO and WTO and also the effects and results of this support.

Following the expansion of technology, the patent and relationships between inventors have increasingly been widespread. Along with the contracts related to "transfer" and "license" of the invention, a new type of contract is put forward which is called patent pools. Pool is a means to manage and commercialize patent. Pool is a collective management of inventions which Legal-economic circumstances have led to them; patent thicket which is essential component of globalization,has brought about collaboration between inventors, increased research activities, attempt to avoid the Possible patent infringement, and reduced transaction costs. since Iran inevitably will be faced with such contracts in a foreseen future, this article tries to explain legal literature on this issue. The real question is what the nature of these contracts as well as their distinguishing features are. Therefore it is necessary to define the pool, its relationship to other concepts, and differentiate the same concepts.