جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "احساس تعلق" در نشریات گروه "علوم اجتماعی"

The present research was carried out with the aim of the role of Tehrani citizens in participating with Faraja in providing social security by using National Mobilization.

This research was a correlational survey method and practical in terms of purpose. The statistical population is made up of all the citizens over 20 years of age in Tehran. Based on the standard sampling table of Krejci and Morgan, 384 people have been selected as a sample. In this research, a multi-stage cluster sampling method was used. The data collection tool used in the research was a questionnaire. In terms of authenticity, the guidelines have the validity of the content, which was obtained by obtaining opinions from experts and experts. And the reliability of Cronbach's alpha was 0.84 for the citizens' participation questionnaire and 0.83 for the social security questionnaire. In order to test research hypotheses regarding normality Pearson's correlation coefficient test and regression were used for the data.

The research findings showed that there is a significant relationship between responsibility, participation, social satisfaction, sense of belonging, social trust of citizens in the form of national mobilization and their participation with Faraja in providing social security. Also, the findings showed that there is a meaningful relationship between citizens' participation with Faraja in the form of national mobilization and providing social security. Also, the results of the multivariate regression analysis showed that responsibility, participation history, social trust, satisfaction, and sense of belonging have the greatest and least impact on the participation of Faraja citizens in the form of national mobilization and social security, respectively

This research is done with the purpose of understanding the impacts of social –psychological factors on gap between environmental attitude and behaviour. The population involves citizens higher than 15 of Kermanshah city and using Cochran formula and multistage cluster, 410 people were selected as sample.  Quantitative approach and the questioner have been applied. Descriptive findings show that Mean of the environmental values are moderate, efficiency variable are moderate to low  and  variable sense of attachment to place is moderate to high. The results of testing hypotheses show that significance correlation is seen between research variables with dependent variable. In other words, with increasing the Means of above variables, the gap between environmental attitude and behaviour is reduce. Results of regression analysis suggest that independent variables explain 11% of variance.  However the above variables have significant correlations with the gap between environmental attitude and behaviour, but it should not ignore other concepts presented in various models and find the general and comprehensive model in this field.

Since the inception of Iran's Mehr Housing Policy (IMHP) in 2007, numerous residential complexes have been erected nationwide. Housing initiatives, beyond their fundamental role of shelter provision, are essential in addressing the social welfare of inhabitants, encompassing dimensions such as security, satisfaction, and a sense of belonging. A decade following the initial housing allocations, an examination of the social ramifications of the IMHP is warranted. Diverse studies on the IMHP conducted across various Iranian cities indicate a prevalent dearth of satisfaction among residents residing in IMHP complexes. Notably, these complexes vary in ownership structure – state-owned versus self-owned – and geographical location – within or outside urban boundaries. Consequently, this study aims to compare the perceptions of security, satisfaction, and social integration among residents in state-owned and self-owned housing, both within and beyond urban limits. The investigation focused on 13 IMHP complexes in the municipalities of Babol and Babolsar, employing quantitative methodologies. Through the application of a stratified sampling approach, 346 questionnaires were administered within these complexes. Non-parametric statistical analyses, including the Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney test, and Spearman’s correlation test, were utilized to assess variable discrepancies across distinct complexes and explore the relationships between these variables. Noteworthy findings reveal that residents in IMHP complexes situated within urban boundaries exhibit heightened levels of security, satisfaction, and belonging compared to their counterparts in complexes located outside urban perimeters, with this disparity exhibiting statistical significance. Conversely, no significant variation was observed between state-owned and self-owned IMHP complexes in terms of the aforementioned dimensions.  

The implementation of Iran's Mehr Housing Policy (IMHP) since 2007 has led to the development of diverse residential complexes across the country. These complexes are found in a variety of settings, ranging from metropolitan areas to small towns and villages, touristic and non-touristic cities, as well as within and outside urban boundaries. Furthermore, these complexes exhibit variations in their ownership structure, with some being constructed by the public sector and others by the private sector. Consequently, a notable heterogeneity exists among these residential developments.
In addition to the provision of shelter, housing endeavors must also address the social welfare needs of residents, including aspects such as security, satisfaction, and a sense of belonging. It is against this backdrop that this study seeks to investigate and compare the perceptions of security, satisfaction, and social integration among residents residing in IMHP residential complexes. These variables are inherently subjective in nature and are contingent upon the unique characteristics and dynamics of each complex. With a decade having passed since the initial allocations of housing units, it is an opportune time to scrutinize these subjective dimensions among residents.
Central to this inquiry is the exploration of significant differences that may exist among various IMHP complexes concerning the sense of security, satisfaction, and belonging experienced by their residents. The aim is to assess the extent of variability across these essential social indicators and delve into the nuances that shape the residential experiences within different IMHP complexes.
Research Question(s)
- Do significant differences exist between IMHP complexes in Babol and Babolsar regarding the sense of security, satisfaction, and social belonging experienced by residents?
- Do significant differences exist between IMHP complexes located within and outside the city boundaries in terms of the sense of security, satisfaction, and social belonging perceived by residents?
- Do significant differences exist between state-owned and self-owned IMHP complexes in terms of the sense of security, satisfaction, and social belonging reported by residents?

The concept of security encompasses various dimensions, including economic security, food security, political security, health security, environmental security, individual security, and social security (United Nations Development Program, 1994: 24). This study specifically focuses on individual and social security, representing a sense of security experienced by individuals. The sense of security is a subjective notion that encompasses feelings of safety and freedom from fear (Bollens, 2008).
Satisfaction can be defined through both subjective and objective indicators. Subjective indicators may include the quality of neighborhood relationships (Choudhury, 2005; Amerigo & Aragones, 1997; Galster & Hesser, 1981), while objective indicators may comprise the quality of the residential environment (Fleury-Bahi et al., 2008; Liu, 1999). However, satisfaction is fundamentally subjective as it can be influenced by an individual's ideals or life purposes (Galster, 1987, p.539). Consequently, within the same housing setting, individuals may exhibit varying levels of satisfaction.
The "sense of belonging" is molded by a complex interplay of factors that foster an individual's attachment to their neighborhood and its inhabitants. This bond between an individual, their residential environment, and the community deepens and evolves over time (Norberg-Schulz, 1997; Altman & Low, 1992; Rapoport, 1990; Hummon, 1992; Shamai, 1991; Tuan, 2001; Relph).
Several studies have been conducted on Informal Markets for Housing and Protection (IMHP) in various Iranian cities, indicating a general trend of low satisfaction among residents of IMHP complexes (Nouri Imani et al., 2019; Mahmoudi & Vahid, 2019; Mohammadzadeh, 2016).

This research employed quantitative methods to investigate 13 Informal Markets for Housing and Protection (IMHP) complexes located in the municipalities of Babol and Babolsar. Through the implementation of a stratified sampling methodology, a total of 346 questionnaires were distributed within these complexes. Non-Parametric tests, specifically the Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney test, and Spearman’s correlation test, were employed to compare variables across different complexes and to explore the relationships between these variables.

The data depicted in the graph presented below elucidate the status of the three variables under investigation across the 13 Informal Markets for Housing and Protection (IMHP) complexes. To address the research inquiries, these three variables were amalgamated to form a composite variable termed the subjective index score.
- The results obtained from the Mann-Whitney test reveal that the subjective index score of the IMHP complexes in Babol surpasses that of Babolsar, with this disparity exhibiting statistical significance.
- Findings from the Kruskal-Wallis test indicate that the subjective index score of IMHP complexes situated within the municipal boundaries is markedly higher than those located outside, with this contrast also demonstrating statistical significance.
- In accordance with the Mann-Whitney test analysis, no noteworthy distinction is evident in the subjective index scores between state-owned and self-owned IMHP complexes.
Figure 1. sense of security, satisfaction and belonging in the IMHP complexes

The outcomes of the study underscore the significance of the geographical placement of Informal Markets for Housing and Protection (IMHP) complexes in shaping the subjective index score, encompassing feelings of security, satisfaction, and belonging among residents. It appears that residing in residential complexes situated in non-touristic cities within their perimeters is associated with heightened levels of security, satisfaction, and a sense of belonging. Conversely, the type of ownership, whether state-owned or self-owned, does not seem to yield a substantial distinction in the aforementioned subjective measures within IMHP complexes.

The purpose of this research was to compare the role of mass and social media in cultural changes with an emphasis on belonging to the national identity of teenagers. The research method was causal-comparative. The statistical population of the research consists of all adolescents (13-17 years old) of Ardabil city, numbering 50,000, of which 380 people were selected as a sample by cluster random sampling. To collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire for the media and a standard questionnaire by Selgi et al. (2014) were used for the feeling of belonging to the national identity. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to estimate the form and content validity of the questionnaires from the experts' and professors' point of view, and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to estimate the reliability of the questionnaires, which was higher than 0.7 for the questionnaires. Data were analyzed through t-test and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) in SPSS software. The results showed that mass and social media play a different role in the feeling of belonging to the national identity and its dimensions (social, historical, cultural and political) among teenagers (P<0.01). So that the feeling of belonging to the national identity and its dimensions among the teenagers whose media consumption is of a social type is less than the teenagers who are of a collective type. 5.7% of cultural belonging, 7.7% of historical belonging, 9.7% of political belonging and 14.7% of social belonging of teenagers are explained through the difference in the effect of the type of media (collective and social). Therefore, it is concluded that the type of media plays an important role in the cultural changes of teenagers in general and the feeling of belonging to the national identity in particular.

The sense of belonging to the city indicates the existence of a positive mentality of individuals towards the place of residence and other citizens, and the continuity of belonging to the city inevitably involves a form of commitment for citizens to the surrounding social environment. Participation in the social life of the city has always been an important issue in the field of urban sociology. Therefore, this article seeks to examine the role of the sense of belonging to the city in the social participation of citizens in urban management and to play a role in the practical way of establishing a lasting relationship between citizens and the institution of urban management. Therefore, in a survey study using stratified sampling and simple random sampling method, a sample of 334 heads of households was selected and the data were analyzed using SPSS and Liserl software. The results of the study showed that the level of citizens' social participation (2.04), civic participation (2), participatory spirit (1.92), trust in managers (2.01) and also the degree of feeling of belonging to the city (2.46) were moderate. therefore, the mentioned social factors are effective in social participation in city management and in the test of structural equations, the relationships of these variables with the dependent variable were confirmed. In general, the results indicated moderate social participation of citizens, but due to immigration, mainly rural and intra-provincial, and the combination of urban neighborhoods, it has the necessary potential for urban management to benefit from the participatory capacities of citizens.

The sense of belonging organizes behaviors, lifestyle, social interactions, and health of the individual and community. Impairment of this feeling can lead to negative personal and social feelings, a decrease of sense of cooperation, commitment, and loyalty in social, political, economic matters and even in life, and ultimately deviation and crime. A prerequisite for the development of a society is having healthy citizens with a proper sense of social belonging. Accordingly, the present paper seeks to study the contexts of the formation of a sense of social belonging and recidivism by former criminals.
This research has been conducted using the qualitative research method and methodology of Strauss and Corbin grounded theory. In the present paper, based on the criterion of inductive theoretical saturation, 27 former criminals referred to the after-care center of Kerman prison, including men and women, were selected by purposive sampling and interviewed in-depth. The data was analyzed according to the Strauss and Corbin method in three stages of open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. In this qualitative research for validation have been used strategies of triangulation, member checking, and analytical comparisons.
In the process of information analysis, 43 concepts, 6 main categories, and 1 core category were extracted from the participants’ statements. The main categories of this research are: 1) social misery and trauma in childhood, 2) detachment from school and dropout, 3) lack of social ties and a sense of belonging to a correctional center, 4) lack of a sense of social belonging in family, 5) feeling of belonging to deviant and friendly relations, 6) recidivism. The core category of “lack of social ties and a sense of anti-social belonging by former criminals” indicates that the social ties of former criminals due to inappropriate contexts in life has led to a sense of anti-social belonging and deviation actions and repetition of the crime.
The extracted core category shows that the social ties of former criminalsin the context of life various stages were not formed properly, and were directed towards non-social and negative affiliations. Finally, the lack of social ties of former criminals in childhood, adolescence, family, and school and the feeling of belonging to the correctional center led to a sense of anti-social belonging and their tendency towards bonding and a sense of belonging to a group of deviant friends. The result of this situation is that they fell into the negative pole of recording and repetition of the crime. In general, the core category of “lack of social ties and a sense of antisocial belonging by former criminals” reflects the fact that if social ties and a sense of social belonging are not properly formed in important stages of a person’s life, it has detrimental consequences for them and society. Because it will overshadow other stages and interactions of life such as marriage, married life, making friends, and job. Former criminals’ experience of social segregation, in a variety of ways, lead to their readiness for antisocial activities. Family relationships and social networks are important areas of social exclusion that should be targeted primarily in policies and social work. As a result, the sense of social belonging and social bonds is largely dependent on the interpretations and experiences of individuals in everyday life.

Studies of sense of justice have become common in recent decades, but research in this domain has mainly targeted adults in workplaces and organizations or university students. Research that focuses on younger students (and their teachers) is less frequent, even though schools are arenas of constant resource and reward allocation whose fairness is of central concern, and which are expected to maintain institutionalized ‘fair’ procedures that are universally applied. Contending that justice experiences at school transmit messages about the wider society and affects students’ attitudes and behavior, we investigated the effects of students’ sense of distributive and procedural justice on their sense of belonging to school and on their social and institutional trust. Social trust implies that people in general or those of one’s group can be trusted, which is an essential motivator of civic engagement (Rosenberg, 1956). Institutional trust relates to the degree of trust given to state institutions, such as Parliament, political parties, the police, the army and the courts, which are responsible for running and defending the democratic society. Students’ sense of belonging in the class and in the school has attracted considerable academic attention in recent decades, both in the attempt to clarify its definition and measurement (Goodenow, 1993) and in the effort to empirically investigate its antecedents and its relationship with a variety of educational outcomes. The construct’s complexity and lack of clarity is reflected in the scholarly use of multiple synonyms for belonging, such as identification with school, bonding, attachment, commitment and engagement, as well as the antonyms of alienation, withdrawal and disaffection. Generally, three main types of perceived justice have been identified by social psychologists: Distributive, procedural and Interactional justice. Distributive justice including the distribution of resources according to some distribution principles such as equity, equality and the need (Adams, 1965). In the context of school research, distributive justice assessments target subjective evaluations of various educational resource allocations such as grades, attention, time, praise, status recognition, and caring (Kazemi, 2016 :3). Procedural justice refers to the fairness of the means by which distributions, or decisions about them, are made (Leventhal, 1980). Whereas sense of distributive justice is the individual’s evaluation that his/her share of ‘good’ (or ‘bad’) was fair, procedures defining the means of distribution develop within the framework of the specific distribution and are thus an institutional feature. In this study, the institutional framework is the school. Thibaut & Walker (1975) argued for an instrumental view of procedures and suggested that people consider just procedures to be important as they may be instrumental in maximizing outcomes. due to the impact of fair distribution of rewards and methods on the social attitudes of students, the focused of this study was on the distributive and procedural justice. Justice experiences at school convey messages about one’s own value and belonging to the group (Emler & Reicher, 2005). School-specific sense of justice may thus be an important prerequisite for the development of sense of belonging to the school and trustfulness of public authorities and of people and society in general (Gouveia-Pereira et al., 2004; Berti et al., 2010). Hence, we hypothesize:Hypothesis 1) There is a direct relationship between the dimensions of sense of justice (distributive and relational) and the senses of belonging to school among high school students.
Hypothesis 2) There is a direct relationship between the dimensions of sense of justice to school with trust in high school students.
Hypothesis 3) There is a direct relationship between trust and the feeling of belonging to a school among high school students.
Hypothesis 4) There is an indirect relationship between dimensions of sense of justice and sense of belonging to school (mediation effect of trust).

Matherial & Methods

The present study was descriptive-correlational. Data were gathered from 528 high-school students through relative stratified sampling wa y by using five scales:sense of justice by (Chory - assad &Paulsel’s 2004b), sense of belonging to school by (Goodenow, 1993), Institutional trust questionnaire designing by (Sabbagh et al, 2013) and Social trust based on Rosenberg’s (1956) notion of misanthropy. Structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to explore and compute the relationships between the examined variables.

Discussion of Results & Conclusions 

Path analysis results showed that the direct effect of procedural justice (0.35), distributive (0.34) and trust (0.23) on the sense of belonging to the school were positive at the level of 0.001 and also the direct effect of procedural justice )0.39) and distribution (0.36) on trust was positive and significant at the level of 0.001. On the other hand, the indirect effect of procedural justice (0.09) and distributive justice (0.08) on the sense of belonging to the school through trust was positive and significant at 0.01 level. So, it can be concluded that there is a positive and significant relationship between sense of (distributive and procedural) justice and sense of belonging to the school by mediating role of trust among high school students. The research findings mostly support our hypotheses about the expected effect of justice experiences. students’ sense of distributive justice in school seems, indeed, to be an experience that helps shape their sense of belonging and their social and institutional trust. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the sense of justice in school increases the sense of cooperation and belonging to the school, builds trust in individuals and the education system and ultimately to the educational institution and government and these attitudes increase Participation of citizens in social and political activities to maintain national unity.

Social capital entails participation of citizens and raising awareness in all members of the society. In fact, capital involves observing social justice and a symmetrical look toward cultural, political and economic aspects of social life, in such a way as to open up the human resources to optimistic and hopeful development. Nowadays social capital is considered as an axial factor in development of neighborhoods and cities. Therefore, the present article is an attempt to sociologically investigate the social capital in different localities of the city of Tehran. The method employed in current research is a descriptive quantitative one in which data are collected through a researcher-developed questionnaire and then analyzed through SPSS and SIG. The participants of this study are 240 inhabitants of Tehran who are older than 15 years and live in three different localities of Tehran which include uptown, midtown and downtown. The subjects were selected through cluster random sampling. The findings of this research showed that, different inhabitants of different localities enjoy different social capital. Also, the statistical analysis showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between dimensions of social capital in the city.

This study was aimed to examine the relationship between social capitals among the Narcotics Anonymous (NA) members in Mazandaran province and their quitting process.
The population of this study included all members of the NA Association in Mazandaran province. The research sample consisted of 400 persons selected through multi-stage cluster sampling. The method used in this study was the survey method and the data was collected using a questionnaire.
Based on the findings of the study, the research hypothesis i.e. “the social capital variables including, social participation, norms of reciprocity, a sense of belonging influence the drug quitting of the NA members” was confirmed. The results obtained from multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that social participation, norms of reciprocity, and a sense of belonging had the highest impact (β=0/297, 0/147, 0/132 respectively) and social trust had the lowest impact (β=0/047) on the continuation of quitting among addicts in the NA Association.
The coefficient of determination showed that the independent variables explained 28% of the variance in the dependent variable. Based on these results, it can be concluded that by increasing social capitals, it is possible to discourage tendency towards drug abuse and instead encourage addicts to sustain their efforts in quitting.

Interaction between human and his environment is always in consideration from scientists and scholars across various scientific spheres. For decades there are not any doubts that Enhancement of connection between human and nature in various forms is necessarily influenced by their attitudes, feelings and perspectives toward this environment. However, examining of environmental emotions separately in Iran has not any record. Environmental emotions with implications of sense of duty and belonging to nature have an important impact on types of behavior towards nature. This research using survey method and random stratified cluster sampling of total mature residents of Tehran city and also structured questionnaire has studied social causes and related mechanisms which influence environmental emotions. Findings show that the mean of environmental emotions of Tehran residents in a numerical scale between 0 to 100 is about 62.1 to 65.1 which are considered above average level. In bivariate relationships between sex, environmental values, experience of connection to nature, environmental socialization and religiosity with dependent variable, statistical significance was confirmed. In multiple regression, theoretical model could explain about 64% of dependent variable’s variation. Results from path analysis also give the most effect abbot environmental values on experience of connection to nature and then on dependent variable with total effect about 0.573.

This article studies the problem of social and psychological security of neighborhood, emphasizing its prestige level. According to the exploratory model, the prestige level of neighborhoods in its objective and subjective dimensions (sides) influences the feeling of security through the homogeneity and the feeling of belonging and the stability of inhabitants and their particular life style. In order to study this model experimentally, we gathered a sample of 270 householders in different parts of Tehran through systematic sampling and examined the analytic model using quantitative approach and survey methods. The results showed that a neighborhoodcan provide the feeling of security for the inhabitants in a considerable measure, either in direct mode or through subjective and objective homogeneity, the feeling of belonging and stability and different life styles of its inhabitants.

Marital satisfaction in the family is the most important element of the psychological and physical health of family member; and healthy community are formed by consciously bonds, healthy and thriving Consociation of the couple. This study was a survey and research data is collected through questionnaire. ENRICH's marital satisfaction scale research tools and questionnaire on participation in family decision making, sense of family responsibility, has achieved the sense of family belonging and legal awareness. Research credit is nominal and analytical scale has been approved by using Cronbach's alpha test.Statistical society is married women from different parts of Kashan city and based on census of 1385, are in population of 69929 cases and the formula volume sampling of Cochran is 381 cases. Result of research show that, the sense of belonging and participation in decision making is role affect in increase of marital satisfaction.. The result of Regression also indicates that the marital satisfaction is affected by variables in participation of family in decision making (Beta:0/031), sense of family belonging (Beta:0/031) and feeling of family responsibilities(Beta: -0/16). And the sum of these variables has been able to explain 18% of the variance in marital satisfaction (R2:0/18).In path analysis model, the most direct effect on marital satisfaction is to participate in family decisions makings. Indirect impact is felt most in family responsibilities.