جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « فضای سایبری » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

In the contemporary world, the growing importance of cyberspace and the numerous hazards that have been formed in this virtual ecosystem, have created conditions wherein various organizations and institutions, always seek to maintain and improve security in various areas of cyberspace to carry out their missions successfully. Given this issue, the present research was conducted to analyze cybersecurity communication, focusing on the implementation of filtering and users’ media literacy.

The present research was carried out using a quantitative approach and with an applied purpose, using a survey-type field method. The socio-statistical population includes “FATA police” officers and some lawyers with a high level of expertise and experience in Iran’s judicial system. The sample size includes 25 high-ranking “FATA police” officers and 25 lawyers of the judicial system of Tehran, who were selected using purposeful and judgmental sampling.

The respondents’ perception of applying the maximum filtering policy in Iran shows its failure in improving the security of cyberspace. Also, increasing the level of media literacy among users in its various dimensions and components will improve their security in Iran’s cyberspace.

Given the ineffectiveness of the current filtering policies, we need reforms in the implementation processes of the filtering policy to change the maximum filtering to the minimum level and continuous training of media literacy social skills and its repetition in parallel with the expansion of the use of interactive technologies.

In most of the countries of the world, Internet crimes are considered as an acute and very important problem, and the governments are trying to find different solutions to prevent it from happening. and cause the loss of confidentiality of data and computer systems, they can be examined in parallel with the plan in domestic law in the realm of international documents. Cyber space has made it possible for criminals to commit modern crimes that were not criminalized in the previous laws. created in the most parts of the world regardless of geographical borders; Therefore, this issue attracted the attention of legislators at the national and international level, and even the legislators realized that limiting the domain of computer crimes to those written in national documents and laws is not enough to resist these crimes. Now the question is, what legal mechanisms have different countries used for computer crimes in cyberspace? The findings show that computer crimes are a serious issue in most countries, and countries have taken necessary measures to prevent them by passing laws appropriate to the type of crimes.

Criminalizing crimes against public ethic and decency in cyberspace, in addition to highlighting the strengths of the case, also puts gaps and weaknesses before the legislature to establish criminal titles, but creating behavioral restrictions through criminalization is contrary to the basic principle. It is freedom and obscenity of actions that should be limited to the most important and vital issues and should not limit the scope of voluntary activities of individuals.This article, with a descriptive-analytical method, examines the commission of crimes against public ethic and decency, especially pornography and prostitution in cyberspace, and examines social prevention methods and the situation for combating cybercrime in this environment. According to the results, among the social prevention methods against cybercrime, situational-oriented social measures with sub-categories of family-oriented prevention and educational-cyber prevention, and among society-based measures, information, participation and consensus, accountability promotion and culture building were mentioned. Also, among the prevention methods in cyberspace, situational prevention measures with a subset of restrictive measures, surveillance measures, licensing and identification and encryption tools were mentioned, which with the help of these measures, it will be possible to deal with cyber behavioral deviations to a large extent.

Cybercrimes are crimes that occur in a non-physical environment, that is, in the cyberspace and the Internet, which are criminalized by various laws, considering that with the advancements in the field of cybercrime technology, the traditional methods of responding There is no need to deal with these crimes, so there is a need for new methods to prevent these crimes, according to this issue, the current research was conducted with the aim of explaining the position of the situational prevention of cybercrimes in the pathological bush that governs it. The research method is descriptive and analytical, and library sources were used to collect information. Based on the research results; Situational prevention measures including; Measures restricting or denying access, surveillance measures that identify suspicious cases and records, licensing measures, anonymizing and encryption tools, Internet patrols and cyber space monitoring to identify suspicious cases and prevent possible crimes, public education, identification and control of people Risk-maker, increasing the tangible risks of committing a crime, increasing protections and cares in the cyberspace, etc. play a fundamental role in preventing cybercrimes. Among the challenges, obstacles and problems faced by situational prevention are the multiplicity of criminal content, the transnationality of cybercrimes, the lack of sufficient expertise of judicial and law enforcement authorities, the temporary nature of situational prevention, the conservative approach to crime, its opportunism, and the lack of inclusion of all targets. He pointed out the transfer of crime, the lack of transparency of some legal terms.

The current research is looking for a framework for cyber security governance architecture in defense organizations with a balanced managerial and technical view that considers cyber security not only a set of new techniques and tools from a technical and engineering point of view and does not deal with cyber security only from a managerial point of view.

The research method is a combination (qualitative and quantitative) whose qualitative phase is done by content analysis and its quantitative phase is based on the findings of the qualitative phase and with the questionnaire tool, and the findings are placed in a Zackman framework.

In today's world and accordingly in organizations; Capitals, assets and resources of organizations are transforming and changing their nature towards cyber capitals, so governments and organizations are well aware of the increasing role and importance of these capitals and are making significant efforts in this regard. On the other hand, cyber threats are widespread, growing and real, and as examples were seen recently in our country, cyber disputes among countries and governments are expanding and are very decisive. This matter is much more important and serious in defense organizations.

Originality: 

Finally, an architectural framework of cyber security governance in defense organizations is presented so that these organizations can achieve the security of the organization in the cyberspace with a comprehensive, structural and proactive view and beyond the managerial, technical and limited perspectives and the existing lack of convergence towards To promote integrity and orderliness.

The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the occurrence of crime in cyberspace using a mixed approach.

This research is among the researches mixed with qualitative and quantitative approach which is descriptive-survey in terms of purpose, application and nature and method. The statistical population of the study consists of academic experts who were selected as sample members using the principle of theoretical adequacy and purposive sampling method. In the qualitative part of the research, semi-structured (in-depth) interviews were used to collect data, the validity and reliability of which were confirmed using CVR coefficient and Kappa-Cohen test, respectively. Atlas.ti software and coding method were analyzed and the effective factors of crime in cyberspace were identified. On the other hand, in the quantitative part, a pairwise comparison questionnaire was used to collect information, the validity and reliability of which were confirmed using content validity and incompatibility rate.

The results of the research indicate that based on judgments and surveys of experts, sixteen factors were introduced as effective factors in the occurrence of crime in cyberspace. The findings also show that the weakness of digital literacy of users, emotional, financial and information needs of individuals, cultural weakness, lack of appropriate and deterrent laws and regulations, inefficiency of security systems, inflation and corruption, rising unemployment and low risk of arrest are the most important causes. They are effective in the occurrence of criminal behaviors in cyberspace.

This research aims to achieve a good pattern of identity theft, For the skill of Fish Police Detectives, the establishment of unity of the procedure has been developed in the discovery and decline of cyber space.

This research was qualitative and from Delphi's technique and 17 Feta police professionals in the country as a statistical sample with targeted sampling and their views on identity theft criminalization were questionedIn the first step, after identifying some of the components by analyzing the content of documents and ... and open interviews with relevant experts, the main components were identified and then in the second step were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire questionnaire. The formal validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficient were used to evaluate the validity and reliability of the measurement tool, which after receiving the results of the third step due to the fact that all the items had a high score of 4 and very large and high, and the Kandal coefficient coordinates

The findings and the results of this study indicate that after extracting the concepts and implementation of different steps of Delphi technique, the dimensions of indicators and components of criminalization of identity identity and the final pattern of identity theft were identified. The result obtained, the fields and causes, practices and events of thieves, the methods of identifying identity theft with 11 components and 66 indicators are identity theft model.

Women are one of the main victims of violence in the world. With the development of societies and the globalization of communication, acts of violence against women have changed and manifested in various forms. Violence in cyberspace is one of the emerging forms of this social harm. The unique features of cyberspace, including the global world, the lack of territorial boundaries, the anonymity of users, and the ease with which identity is falsified, create the conditions for norm-breakers, such as the physical world, to threaten individuals. One of the main and most dangerous threats in this space is delinquent actions that target women and girls in cyberspace. Violence against women in cyberspace has consequences that endanger their physical and mental health, strengthen gender discrimination, and violate women's human rights standards. The right to freedom of expression and free access to information and the right to privacy and the protection of privacy under human rights standards may apply to the protection of women against cyberbullying. The present article, through a descriptive-analytical method and by analyzing the legal sources of this field, tries to reflect on cyber violence against women within the framework of rules and standards of national and international law.

Gaining the ability to deal with the enemy requires a thorough understanding and awareness of its strengths and weaknesses. In military studies, acquaintance with the strategies, structures, and trends governing the world's armies, especially probable hostilities, is of great importance.due to in the US military literature, cyber space has been introduced as the fifth area of ​​military operations and strategic documents have focused on developing capabilities for effective cyber operations, the research team is exploring ways to enhance the capability of the Islamic Republic of Iran's military against cyber operations. The US military has been through the study of documents as well as interviews with experts. In this regard, the personnel of the Army of the Islamic Republic of Iran with a bachelor's degree in the field of cyber-related activities and in the range of senior officer ranks, were selected as the statistical population (taking into account the coefficient) of 100 persons and all community members. (In full) were studied. In data analysis, at first, the data were coded based on the data method, and most of the duplicates were identified and then 26 questions were designed and distributed to the statistical population. The results of the analysis of the collected data indicate that it can be said with a high level of confidence it can be said that by providing Supportive Measures, Enabling Measures and Intelligence Support Measures, the Islamic Republic of Iran's Army’s capability can be upgraded against US military cyber operations.

Cyber attacks of states responsibility is accepted in International law. Cyber attacks are targeting basic installations like governmental bank, energy, transportation systems which connected to cyber networks. Although cyber attacks aren’t kinds of use of force, aggression or armed attack but they are kinds of intervention in internal affairs of State which are a breach of international law. A state would be responsible if the attack attributes to that State. Cyber attack can be done by individuals who are employed by State and by Internet Service Provider Companies in to extent which these cyber attacks are done in public authority of that state. In this way it is necessary that that Draft Convention on International Responsibility of State be amended in relation to cyber attack requirements . victims of this attack can refer to I.C.J for damages and can refer to U.N security council as the political body of U.N to denounce aggresive states.

One of the most important tasks of governments is to preserve and transfer the dominant political values, which is achieved through various factors that make virtual social networks one of them. Young people are the most important user of virtual social networks, and they are also at one of the most sensitive periods of political socialization. Therefore, the study of the role of factors affecting the political socialization of youth, which cyberspace is considered as the most important of these factors, is the goal of this research. The theoretical framework is a compilation framework derived from the theories of Giddens, Almond and Paul, Manuel Castells, Daniel Bell, Isabelle Ang and Elliott Katz, Harold Lasswell, Charles Wright, McCoyle, Robert Putnam, Max Weber, and Tickler. The present research method is based on the nature of quantitative data in terms of collecting time as a survey research. Multi-stage random sampling method is used. The sample size is calculated using the Cochran formula of 458 people. The results show that the greatest influence of independent variables on active user was (0.412), usage rate (0.174) and history of use (0.077). But the variables of the socio-economic base and the variable of media availability were not meaningful. Generally, the findings of the research indicate that virtual social networks act in the direction of informal political socialization.

The anarchical status of cyberspace brings about deep effects on countries’ interests and national security. A large number of anonymous global players threaten the interests or even the vital infrastructures of their counterparts on a daily basis. This has made the states around the world to think about finding a real approach to decrease such damages, threats, etc. in the cyberspace. And the Deterrence Strategy, as an efficient tool in dealing with such a significant issue, is the outcome of this long endeavor. The current essay aims to discover the effectiveness of Deterrence Strategy in cyberspace and those conditions it is in need of to be regarded as a most efficient deterring tool. The findings here in this essay prove that the Deterrence Strategy cannot have the same performance in cyberspace as it had during the Cold War. However, at the same time, they establish that the Deterrence Strategy enjoys great potentials through which it protects the countries’ interests and national security. Great defense capability, the power of identifying the invaders, and the capability of conducting harsh retaliatory acts are the main three components that make this strategy effective. However, it is worth saying that among all those components, the ‘identification’ factor plays the most fundamental role in making the Deterrence Strategy effective in cyberspace. The reason is that an unbeaten identifying process guarantees the effectiveness and usefulness of retaliatory acts. Furthermore, such a triumph will force the real threat to be wiped out forever. The findings also show that the Deterrence Strategy is something imperfect without the presence of retaliatory acts. In fact, such a shortcoming allows the potential invaders to revise their plans in order to resume their attacks against their rivals in cyberspace.

The present research aims to study the probable differences between confrontation with ethical situations in the cyberspace and in the real world.
The statistical population of this research included all adult users of cyberspace in Iran. The sample included 365 users who were selected through available sampling method. 16 short story scenarios (4 gender couples and 4 common couples) were developed by the researcher in a manner that each couple assessed a specific subject in the field of ethics once in the cyberspace and once in the real world.
The findings of the research indicate that in most proposed ethical cases – for instance betrayal, theft, privacy, etc. – there is a significant difference in type of confrontation and ethical judgement of users in the virtual and real worlds. The level of this difference varies depending on the nature of ethical subject, but except in minor cases, it is not affected by individual variables. Due to specific characteristics of the virtual world, such as anonymity, being out of control and other features, people in the cyberspace are more liberal regarding ethical issues and behave below their usual ethical standards.

The cyber environment or virtual environment is a concept that has recently been taken into consideration by criminologists and lawyers, and at the same time as the creation of this environment, there is a crime in it and using it. The legal struggle against these crimes required a few basic steps: first, the criminalization of criminal behavior, of course, criminalization without the creation of and criminal responsibility for action was considered almost impossible, perhaps on the basis that the lawmaker of Iran in the computer crime law emphasized the criminal liability of legal persons And the criminal responsibility of these individuals for the first time in Iranian law is clearly highlighted. However, the issue of criminal liability and the extent of its definition of the rights of computer crime is very important, there may be many questions regarding the scope of liability People in the virtual environment, the legislator of Iran assigned Chapter 6 of the Computer Crime Law to the issue of criminal responsibility, and the change that the above law has created is to identify and establish criminal responsibility for legal entities in the virtual environment. Women's mean More in terms of religious identity, and a relatively lower proportion of men committed crimes.

Cyberspace, especially the Internet, has entered human life in recent decades, but has grown rapidly and has had a major impact on the various dimensions of people's lives. This growing development of information technology and the Internet has created widespread developments in all aspects of human, including political, economic, social, defense and security. At the moment, the Internet can play a very important role in the issues of mental security. From the point of view of freedom of expression without any limitation, the dissemination of news, rumors, unethical issues, political tensions, economic issues, and socio-cultural issues in cyberspace all indicate the importance and role of cyberspace on mental health and mental health of the community.

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of cyberspace on students' mental health in Bushehr University. The statistical sample of this research, which was survey using Maslow-Mahabad psychological safety questionnaire and researcher-made questionnaire, consisted of 383 students in Bushehr province. In order to answer the research questions, the data obtained from the research were analyzed using SPSS software. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the data.

Therefore, based on the results of the analysis of the findings, the hours of using the Internet and topics of interest on the Internet and membership in social networks also affect students' mental security.

Cyberspace is an inseparable element of the modern life and a platform for gaining information anywhere across the world. These conditions can be considered as an opportunity; however, in case necessary measures are not adopted, the society will face ills. In respect of ills existing in the cyberspace, we face two fundamental challenges. First, what the preventive measures are; second, on what principles the guidelines need to be based so that they are most influential. Thus, the main goal of this paper was to explain the role of education in preventing cyberspace including individual and mental ills. The method for this article was a descriptive and a correlative one. The statistical population of this research consisted of students and professors in the Computer Department, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, for as many as 150 people. As prevention from ills existing in the cyberspace is a critical issue, this paper, based on a library-descriptive method and upon examination of sources, was introduced to be a recommended guideline for preventing cyberspace ills.
For education to be most influential, it must be offered based on didactic principles. Seemingly, organizing education by using Islamic Education Principles can attract the interested people to enter the area of technology based on Islamic Thinking and better prevention from vulnerabilities, where the best form of this process occurs with the co-op between the Seminary, parents and mass media advertisement and Education bodies (i.e. the education organizations).