جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « موانع فرهنگی » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

The purpose of this study is to investigate culture as an empowering and limiting factor in public access to information in Iran; this is an issue that the international community is concerned about, with regard to citizen participation and governments’ accountability in the political, social, economic, and other areas. Freedom of Information and free access to it, is perceived in many countries as a political and civil right, and one of its immediate outcomes is the formation of participatory and consultative democracy, as free access to information allows citizens to intervene in public affairs and this requires the government to be accountable. In addition, the empowerment of citizens, especially marginalized groups, or in other words, silent groups such as the poor, the illiterate, and even in some cases women, who due to inequalities that arising from power relations between social groups, have unequal access, is another reason that highlights the need for free access to information. The experience of different countries shows that with freedom of Information, a context has been provided for the mentioned groups to improve the level of health, education, hygiene, income, and even protection of human rights. In this study, in addition to reviewing the theoretical literature and research background in this field, by addressing the need for public access to information, we have provided an overview of the current situation in Iran. Therefore, our question in this article is which cultural factors and barriers affect citizens' access to the information?

Marriage is a general and social phenomenon that has a human twin. The subject of marriage and family formation is one of the issues discussed by religions, philosophers, sociologists, psychologists, educators, poets, writers and artists. Due to this important issue, the purpose of this study is to investigate the barriers and problems of youth marriage to provide a solution. Since young people today face many barriers and problems for marriage, this study seeks to identify and examine social, cultural and economic barriers. It is on the way to youth marriage. This research is a survey in Ardabil and the data collection tool is a questionnaire. The statistical population is young people prone to marriage. 384 people were selected as a statistical sample by simple random sampling. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The results show that social, cultural and cultural barriers. Economics has been effective in delaying the age of youth from the perspective of respondents. This means that with the increase of these barriers and its components, the age of youth for marriage also increases.

The existence of social discipline and respect for laws and regulations are vital to any society. The most important purpose of lawmaking is to maintain discipline and security and to determine the boundaries and no tendency of human beings with disorder, breaking the norm and lawlessness. The acceptance of the rule and regulations of society by the public creates discipline at different levels and elements of society. Societies that have succeeded in understanding the developmental stages, they have usually been disciplined and bound by law. Whatever the rate of acceptance of the law be less than most people in the community, it will not be possible to execute it properly. Failure to enforce laws at the micro and large levels of society in the long run questions the legitimacy of existing laws. In this respect, the police have the task of controlling and enforcing the law in the face of difficulties and obstacles. As the holy city of Qom is one of the most important pilgrimage, religious and political cities in the country and its inhabitants are of different cultures and ethnicities (domestic and foreign). Therefore, it is necessary to examine the obstacles and difficulties of applying traffic laws and to find ways of removing these obstacles.

The purpose of this study was to identify barriers to the application of traffic rules in Ghom. The research is applicable in terms of type and descriptive-survey in terms of method and nature. The statistical population of the study consisted of 210 managers and staff of Ghom Traffic police queue. The sample size was 136 people using Cochran formula. Structural equations were used to analyze the data.

The results showed that the most important barriers to law enforcement in Ghom were priority, respectively: 1- Barriers related to infrastructure, 2- Organizational barriers, 3- Traffic culture barriers and 4- Regulatory barriers. Results and Suggestions: Based on the results of the research, suggestions were made; for example, infrastructure barriers should be remedied through urban authorities and stakeholders (including municipality, provincial government and governorate of Ghom).

Internal revenue has been and has been used by unit commanders as a source of financing for the Ajay funds for a long time. Given the severe restriction of appropriations allocated by the country management and planning organization to the Islamic Republic of Iran in recent years and the lack of credits needed by the units, it is necessary to pay more attention to internal revenue-raising activities and remove its obstacles. The financing of part of Ajay's finances has become increasingly apparent. In this descriptive study with the mixed analysis approach, it has been attempted to explain the barriers of AJA's activities in the areas of legal barriers, structural barriers, educational and cultural barriers and cultural barriers, ways of removing those barriers. Review and provide appropriate solutionsIn this regard, according to the study of documents and opinions of experts and respondents, no significant legal barriers were identified in the area of ​​Ajara internal revenue, but other factors such as structural, educational and skill barriers, and cultural barriers were identified as important indicators. The manner in which cultural barriers are identified is the most important barrier to AJA's activities. The population under study in this study is the Army of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the statistical population of all senior officers and senior staff working in the AJA, DARAJAF and Force headquarters who have had leadership and management jobs.

Access to justice is a concept that implies the practical and operational dimension of accessing individuals in judicial institutions and solving their legal problems.Equality of access to justice for all segments of society is really important, but most women have faced difficulties in accessing judicial institutions, especially in family matters.The emphasis of this paper is on the impact of cultural barriers on women's access to family justice within the current context of society. With regard to the annual growth of women who go to family courts, consideration of the issue from the perspective of women can be more important.Based on this, a qualitative method is adopted with deep interview technique. The findings of the study are the result of in-depth interviews with 50 women having experience of family court. The results of this research show that, from the perspective of respondents, the effective cultural barriers to access to family justice are including cultural values, lack of self-confidence and self-esteem, religious beliefs, education and specialized knowledge of the subject, patriarchy, language, structure and gender stereotypes.Also, according to the intersectional theory, the intersection of cultural barriers with the underlying factors of the respondents can be formed different experiences within the same context.

Citizenship is one of the most important social issues that has had various interpretations in humanities so far. These rights are sometimes interpreted as civil and political rights, sometimes human rights, and in some cases, social rights, as various humanities scholars have attempted to interpret these rights, each with their viewpoints and theories. Each of these theories has examined different aspects of citizenship law. This paper examines theoretically and empirically some of the social and cultural barriers to the practice of citizenship law in criminal law, including clerks, prosecutors, and court judges. Theoretical themes of this research are based on a set of views on citizenship law (TC Marshall Social Theory of Citizenship), social factors (labeling, pressure, ecological and relative deprivation theories) and cultural factors (cultural latency theories, cultural dissemination, and capital).

This study is applied in terms of purpose, and is cross-sectional in terms of time. The statistical population of this study consisted of all trained officers of Isfahan police, judges working in Isfahan Public and Revolutionary Courts, and judges working in Isfahan Criminal Courts. The sampling method in this study was non-probable. The sample size is based on Cochran formula with the highest volume (estimated accuracy d = 0.05, maximal variance pq = 0.25 and confidence level 95%) so that out of 22 cities of Isfahan province, a total of 359 persons including 280 judicial officers, 45 judicial authorities, and 34 judicial authorities of the courts were selected. The research instrument for data collection was a questionnaire so that its validity was confirmed by face, structure. The validity of the concepts was checked by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient.

According to some descriptive findings, prosecutors have the most positive attitude and clerks have the least positive attitude to the exercise of citizenship rights. Meanwhile, bailiffs' attitudes toward cultural and social barriers affecting the exercise of citizenship rights are greater than those of prosecutors and court judges. In contrast to the inferential findings, the more the bailiff's awareness of citizenship law and criminal procedure law is, the more positive their attitude toward enforcing citizenship law becomes will be. In the meantime, lower-level positions have a more positive view of citizenship enforcement. As prosecutors become older, their attitude toward the exercise of citizenship rights becomes more negative.The results of the correlation test of the research hypotheses show that with the increase of social barriers in abductors, the rate of enforcement of citizenship decreases and among the dimensions of social barriers. That is, the more the attitudes towards security-oriented approach and the perpetrators are, the more negative perpetrators’ attitude toward the implementation of citizenship rights will be. However, the existence of political and social considerations does not have an effect on the officers’ attitude to the exercise of citizenship rights. As barriers to culture increase, the enforcement of citizenship rights will decrease. Among the dimensions of these barriers, the greater the lack of cultural capital in the customs and the increasing imitation and disregard for their infrastructure leads to their negative attitudes toward the exercise of citizenship rights. In the meantime, the cultural delay does not affect the officers’ attitude to the exercise of citizenship rights. Therefore, the social and cultural barriers of the traders harm their attitude to the exercise of citizenship rights. These barriers to the attitude of judges and prosecutors to the exercise of citizenship rights are not significant.The reasons for the impact of social and cultural barriers on civil servants can be traced due to the complexity, multiplicity, and diversity of job duties, along with the many innovations of the Code of Criminal Procedure in the field of civil law to the duties of a civil servant.

This study with the title of “analysis of cultural barriers for political development of Iran: Second Pahlavi era” aims to respond to this important question that what are the most significant cultural barriers of Second Pahlavi era that impede Iran’s society in pursuit of reaching political development? Hence in order to gather relevant data and analyze historical evidences, historical and Analytical study methods were undertaken, by referring to actual and virtual libraries accompanied with scrutinizing valid documents, books and other relevant references.
The findings of this study indicate that the governing dictatorship culture across the society and kingdom structure, absence of scientific and logical mentality, lack of questioning and criticizing attitude in society, weakness of civil society, strong presence of superstitious and traditional believes in context of society, dearth of affability and tolerance culture, lack of an original national liberal intellectual movement and authoritarianism management of Mohammad Reza Shah over various organizations and repressing civil society, political parties and critic sociological constitutions dependent to middle age traditional and contemporary class, closing critical journals and imposing heavy censorship on journals and other mass media beside suppressing dynamic intellectual movements, inhibit Iran’s society in reaching political development during Second Pahlavi era.

This paper examines the obstacles of marriage and analyzes the tendency towards marriage in Hamedan Province. This paper uses survey data required a sample of 400 young individuals by using a multistage cluster sampling and stratified random sampling. The main obstacles of marriage in this study in terms of priority, were cultural obstacles with an average rank (4.94), social obstacles with an average rank (3.60), economic obstacles with an average rank (2.23), governance obstacles with an average rank (2.20) and individual obstacles with an average rank (2.02). It can be found that the average age of favored marriage was 19.24 in females and 26.63 in males. From the viewpoint of the young men and women, the most important criterion for marriage was mutual understanding with partner and the least important one related to the level of education and age difference. It can be resulted most of the youth in this study tend to marry but tendency of marriage in women was higher than men.

This survey was done to identify the barriers of employing information and communication technology in education process with descriptive survey method. Statistical population are consist of all 173 faculty members of Islamic Azad University, sari branch. According to stratified sampling method in conforming with statistical population size and by means of Kerjesi Morgan chart, 118 persons were selected as sample. Data collecting tool in this study was researcher made questionnaire in which the validity was confirmed by experts and advisors and consulting advisors after necessary add and removal. Also, the reliability was estimated 0/91 according to Cronbach alpha which shows questionnaire high reliability and questions inner cohesion. In this study, in order to data analyze, descriptive and inferential (one sample T test) statistics method was used by means. The study results showed that: individual, cultural and organizational factors are considered as the effective barriers of employing information and communication technology in education process.

Family is the cornerstone of human society and it plays an important role in consolidating social relationships and in the growth of each and every individual of the society. Consolidating family and keeping it healthy will lead to general healthiness and prosperity. This sacred institution may also suffer some disadvantages that will threaten its well-being. These disadvantages stem from the damages inflicted upon the healthy relationship amongst family members. In this article, the writer seeks to study the barriers to the creation of a healthy relationship in the family so that with their identification, it may become possible for the individuals to move on towards creating healthy families and then a morally healthy society. Factors that damage the effective and lawful relationship of the family most are the following: individual factors, cultural factors, family factors, economic factors and legal factors. These are discussed and analyzed one by one in a proper sequence. It is to be noted that in addition to these factors, there are also other secondary issues which we do not mention here for brevity reason.

The main purpose of this research is to identify and investigate the main barriers in the way of e-banking development in private banks of Iran. The research is descriptive in method, survey in execution and applicable in purpose. The statistical society of the study consists of 410 banking and e-banking experts and top managers of the private banks. The main recognized barriers, on the base of research literature, were cultural-social, legal-juridical, managerial, financial and technical-technological barriers. These barriers are tested at reliability level of 95% using 29 indexes. At last, the first three hypotheses indicating the existence of cultural-social barriers, legal-juridical barriers and managerial barriers in the way of e-banking development in private banks are accepted respectively with the average score of 7.11, 7.03 and 6.67; Whilst the fourth and fifth hypotheses of the research indicating the existence of technical-technological barriers with the average score of 5.94 and financial barriers with 5.43 are not accepted.