جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "agency" در نشریات گروه "علوم اجتماعی"

The issue of women's empowerment is one of the most fundamental issues of contemporary societies, which has an inevitable link with their development. In Iran, in the fourth development program, women's empowerment was included among macro and executive policies. To that extend, many researches in different fields have tried to evaluate and measure the issue of women's empowerment in the country. The aim of the current research is to meta-analyze the studies conducted in the field of women's economic empowerment to provide a comprehensive picture of the findings and characteristics of the obtained studies. Qualitative meta-analysis method provides the possibility of evaluating and reviewing studies in two parts, formal and structural characteristics as well as content findings. A total of 70 reviewed studies including various articles and theses shared the two keywords of economic empowerment and women. A range of virtual databases such as Normagz and humanities database to the libraries of prestigious universities of the country are the source of data collection. Results show since mid-1990s, we have faced a considerable number of studies in this field. The applied methods are mostly quantitative and based on large-scale questionnaires. The results of the descriptive findings show that the executive policies of this field are mainly partial, in line with non-functional support (dependent) and without enough attention on the specificities and different coordinates of its fields, and there is a need to focus on the different needs of women, gender and cultural norms, and the infrastructure of each region.

Nomadic women play a vital role in the economic and social spheres of their communities, contributing to sustainable development through their indigenous knowledge. Despite facing significant challenges such as deprivation of welfare and healthcare, they exhibit considerable agency. This study challenges the perception that agency is exclusive to modern societies by demonstrating that nomadic women exercise their influence both overtly and covertly. Through a qualitative approach and thematic analysis of interviews with 17 women from Chah-Gholamali, two main themes (realized agency and resistance as hidden agency), four sub-themes (marital life management, persuasion power, decision-making agency, and facilitating agency), 10 concepts, and 115 meaningful phrases were identified. "Realized agency" refers to agency that is visibly observable. In the case of "facilitating agency," women do not hold a decisive role but act as facilitators. Findings show that while these women often hold decisive roles in family decisions, they also maintain the symbolic authority of men. The study highlights the complex and varied ways nomadic women experience and exert agency within their family structures.

The family, as the most important institution in human social history, has been involved in serious issues in the recent time of human social life. Meanwhile, divorce is a phenomenon that is definitely included in the definition of the country five major social problems. The aim of the current research was to qualitatively study men's and women's experience of divorce in Khorram Abad city, apply qualitative methodology and using the grounded theory method. For this purpose, 30 divorced men and women from Khorram Abad city were selected by purposeful sampling method and snowball strategy. Data has been collected using in-depth and semi-structured interviews. The interviews were analyzed in three stages: open coding, central coding, and selective coding, and from this process, the following codes were extracted: ambitious rational divorce, effective rational divorce, consensual rational divorce, passive rational divorce, accelerated irrational divorce. and forced, consequences after divorce, failure and financial collapse, not having a job during divorce, social label, social isolation, social rejection, being accused, being a sexual object, changing position, emotional and sexual needs, self-recovery, promotion social management, social isolation, homogenous associations, lack of expression of divorce, its analysis and interpretation, the last solution is the reality that has emerged, these codes are the expression of various signs arising from the structure and agency of couples for divorced people. The analyzed divorce patterns have turned divorce into a complex and multidimensional issue.

Although, hope has not been raised as a social issue with large dimensions in the policy-making discourse of the country, it was and still is the problem of a large part of the country's people and policy makers. The purpose is sociological study of the interpretation of social hope among the citizens of Tehran. The methodology of this qualitative research, is grounded theory strategy. For this purpose, in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 50 samples. In the open coding stage, 105 open codes, 33 core codes, 9 main categories and 1 core category were extracted from the data coding system. The results of this research narrate the multidimensional meaning of religiosity in restoring hope. It seems that the Tehran citizens, with the hope of infinite support, make enduring hardships meaningful and attribute multidimensional and positive agency to religiosity in the field of restoring hope. Also, religion strengthens the social aspect of hope through the creation of solidarity and cohesion and ultimately helps to reduce social problems in an overt and hidden way.

Entrepreneurial agency, defined as people's ability to discover and exploit business opportunities and create new value, is a complicated notion that necessitates an interdisciplinary approach and the integration of various views. Adopting this approach in the first step requires understanding the knowledge-based agencies and selecting related fields, which in this article is done through the scientometric analysis method. 18060 English-language items from the WOS database were selected and evaluated. The co-citation analysis of sources indicated five major clusters: Sociology, organization and management, agency theory, neuroscience/cognitive science, and psychology. The authors' co-citation analysis revealed seven theoretical groups. The co-occurrence analysis of key phrases and time trends revealed that concepts such as agency theory, human agency, and structure-agency duality originated in the 1970s and 1980s, but newer concepts such as teacher agency and entrepreneurial agency arose more recently. The findings revealed that the concept of agency evokes diverse interpretations depending on the field researched upon. In economics and law, it refers to representation and the principal-agent relationship. In public administration and political science, it refers to an organization or firm that performs a function for another. In philosophy, sociology, psychology, education, cognitive science, and neuroscience, it refers to the capacity, condition, or state of executing an action or exerting power, as well as the human ability to perform conscious and purposeful activities. Finally, to investigate entrepreneurial agency at the individual level, an integrated study of psychology and the social sciences is proposed.

Women's activism in the light of the discourse of constitutionalism made them a committed and demanding group that entered the field of action for the ideals of constitutionalism and challenged the dominant gender order. Methodologically, this research explains the aspects of women's mobilization in fundraising based on document analysis. The research problem is to clarify the agency of women in contemporary social history. The findings are presented and analyzed in five categories: practical goals, motivations, mechanisms, socio-economic base of participants, and strategies. Collecting donations to provide resources for the struggle of the constitutionalists in the era of Minor Tyranny, helping the families of the deceased fighters in Tabriz and Ardabil, as well as accumulating initial capital for the establishment of the National Bank, have all been based on patriotic motives of women in the struggle to achieve independence and support the citizens. In addition, it is indicative of the formulation of agency and identity politics of female activists who got fed up with discriminatory gender relations and sought an opportunity for social participation in women’s mobilization. In the absence of jobs and independent income, women used tactics to obtain resources for mobilization. Furthermore, the participation of women from different social origins has given a cross-class dimension to the mobilization.

Cinematic works serve as reflections of the cultural unconscious of a given society, providing sociologists with the opportunity to examine its hopes, aspirations, and societal concerns. This manuscript utilizes qualitative content analysis to examine the manner in which social hope is portrayed in 15 Iranian New Wave Movement films. The research endeavors to investigate two fundamental inquiries: “In what manner does Iranian New Wave Cinema depict social hope?” Furthermore, “How does this portrayal intersect with the societal hope of the film's creation?” Despite extensive literature on “social hope” and the “sociology of hope,” analytical formulations are limited. This article adopts Schneider's triple articulation—encompassing “agency,” “purposefulness,” and “feasibility”—as metrics for assessing social hope.This study employs qualitative content analysis to examine 15 films that serve as representations of the Iranian New Wave Movement, a cinematic movement that transpired in Iran from 1968 to 1978. Dariush Mehrjoei, Masoud Kimiaei, Nasser Taqvai, Bahram Bayzaei, and Amir Naderi are all noteworthy directors. A stratified sampling technique was utilized with the intention of selecting three works from each director in accordance with the research objective.This approach guaranteed the inclusion of articles that were most congruent with the objectives of the research. In general, the majority of new wave cinematographic works emphasize the intensified social despondency through the representation of objects that are “inactive” in terms of agency index, “lacking purpose” in terms of purposefulness index and Indicators of the possibility of being “disabled” emphasize the intensified social despair.The New Wave Movement, which rebelled against the sanguine official discourse, mirrored societal struggles during a period of political unrest by integrating Simmel's sociological theory of art and Snyder's social hope articulation. Through individual artistic expression within a collective cultural unconscious, the Movement challenges prevailing narratives, showcasing the pervasive social despair of their time with nuanced realism.

This article aims to address some of the important consequences of the Anthropocene for social relations from a sociological perspective. Stressing on the multidimensionality of environmental changes globally, the paper argues that understanding the new conditions requires interdisciplinary studies and a reevaluation of existing approaches to nature and environmental issues in general. It uses the notion of the Anthropocene to criticize the well-established modernist view distinguishing between nature and society and to discuss that sociology must include nature as an active and constructive agent in its explanations and problem-definition processes. Additionally, this article proposes “the human-nature-society web” as an analytical framework to explain social conditions in the Anthropocene at micro and macro levels. This proposed framework is applied to shed new light on the concept of agency in social theory and to criticize the neglect of the notion of nature in shaping the agency. It also serves to underline the constructive power of nature in society in three significant areas of institutional arrangement, risk, and technology.

The development plans are the axis of railing the movement of countries. These programs are considered as a prerequisite for the formation of a strong government and society paradigm. Paying attention to the basics of development programs is a necessity for the institution of science and politics. Different theories of development from different economic, political and cultural approaches have analyzed the root of development policies. The aim of this article is to achieve a theoretical model through which more attention can be paid to the dignity of the sociality of development. The method of the article is qualitative content analysis and review of various categories of development schools. The findings indicate the neglect of social dimensions as a criterion for separating development schools from each other, as well as the policies of Iran's development programs. The explained model is designed for today's conditions of Iran, focusing on the social dimension and the requirements of society's solidarity, and while paying attention to the various dimensions of the concept of development, it measures the ratio of the two dimensions of government-society with structure-activity and locates the well-known theories of development in this middle. Is. At the end, the foundations and policies of the development programs of the Islamic Republic are adapted to the model proposed in the article and are examined from the social point of view and the participation-oriented paradigm.

This article examines the women’s campaign in this mobilization, concentrating on the popular fundraising campaign to establish the Meli Bank following the Constitutional Revolution. Regarding the historical sociology approach, the research is founded on the resource mobilization theory of Charles Tilly.Therefore, in the first stage, the concepts and variables of Tilly’s theory are introduced, and then they are defined with reference to historical texts, such as books, the press, and women’s texts and writings. Methodologically, the study employs document analysis to provide concrete examples of the women’s fundraising campaign for the establishment of Bank Meli.The interest of women’sorganizations in the form of national independence motivations that confronts the politics of foreign colonial states is explained. Women’s associations, meetings, and the mobilization of utilitarian ornormative resources are discussed. The research concludes with an explanation of the opportunities and threats, as well as the form of mobilization.The collection of reliable and unprecedented data on women’s agency is one of the research’s innovations. The women’s campaign to establish Bank Meli demonstrates their acute awareness of thecontemporarysociopolitical climate, their capacity to mobilize, and their agency in collective actions, which is a recurring theme in modern Iranian history.

The current research is designed and implemented with the aim of investigating the identity conflicts and political socialization of women based on Giddens' theory of identity and Lucien Pai's political socialization. The statistical population of this research is all working women in Tehran, Kurdistan, Lorestan, Ilam, Fars, Sistan and Baluchistan, Khorasan and Central provinces. To select the samples, the combined method of multi-stage cluster sampling and simple random sampling was used. Correlation coefficients, path analysis and regression were used to analyze the data. The results of the research showed that 47 percent of the studied women have experienced personal identity conflict to a great extent. Also, the findings indicate that women who have identity conflicts are more politically socialized than women who have not experienced identity conflicts. They have a different situation and the level of political socialization is higher in women who have not experienced identity conflicts. The results of multivariate regression and path analysis showed; Individual identity conflicts have the greatest effect on women's lack of political socialization. The conclusion of the article is; Women in Iranian society are in a conflict between traditional identity structures and modern demands and political agency, and in this process, a kind of political rejection has been created for them. In other words, it can be said that today's Iranian society is facing the phenomenon of "conflicting women's political life".

Nomads of hand weavs and Sociology is one of the desirable discourses in the interdisciplinary field that has an acceptable capacity in creating a discourse of indigenous and ethnic arts and gaining knowledge of the active creators of these weaves, community and the cultural context in which such works are produced. in this article, gabbehs and qashqai lion will be studied, analyzed and analyzed from the perspective of giddens sociology and construction theory with the focus on the propositions of "structure and agency". the meaning of structure is the technical dimension of weaving, ie the type and technique of weaving and how the weaves and their patterns are formed, which is in the position of social structure. the question in these weaves is that the structure (rules and sources) of the texture by what mechanism has caused the persistence gabbegs and qashqai lion rugs continuation of their function? therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the components and effective factors in making (weaving), fame and symbolic power of Qashqai lion rugs and gabbehs. the findings of this study indicate that various components such as weaving structure and technique, as agents, play an essential role in the reputation and value of these weaves. also based on this theory, in the process of weaving and weaving production, not only weavers as actors and human agents,but other factors, such as natural colors and abstract motifs, the "mental weaving" and "improvisation" features, also contribute to the creation of weaving. this is a qualitative research and descriptive-analytical research method. The method of data collection is library.

Along with the influence of social networks on people’s personal lives in recent decades, the dimensions and quality of family relationships have also undergone extensive and unprecedented changes. One of the most influential groups is women, who are experiencing a new form of social communication beyond traditional or cultural limitations. Currently, 72% of women use smartphones and their internet penetration is 42.7%. The website “NiniSite” deals specifically with topics and issues affecting women and has gained numerous users. The website has about 750,000 registered users and is visited by 800,000 people daily. While the gender of the users cannot be determined with certainty, based on the topics on the site, it can be assumed that more than 90% of these users are female. This study examines one of the site’s forums on the topic of “wives” to investigate how female users form marital relationships. The main research questions addressed key aspects, categories, couples’ positions, and the establishment or mitigation of gender stereotypes in relationships. The conceptual framework of the study was based on two approaches of constructivism in media (Stuart Hall) and cyberfeminism. Within Stuart Hall’s theory, culture is based on the ideology of the infrastructure of different readings of a meaning. He discusses two important strategies in the representational system: stereotyping and naturalization. Most cyberfeminist theorists agree that the Internet has promoted women’s agency and can raise public awareness by focusing on emancipation.

The method of the study is based on qualitative content analysis and time sampling was conducted in a period of one month (July to August) 2019.

The four main themes extracted include emotional and sexual, financial, family, and critical relationships. The results of the analysis show that emotional concerns are the most common topics of conversation among users and that there is a significant level of empathy and validation of shared experiences in this aspect of the relationship. At the same time, a significant amount of “generalization” and “stereotyping” is formed in this area. Women have shown the most evidence of agency and rethinking in sexual and financial relationships. The dominance of a discourse that can be called “sexual satisfaction” or “sexual orientation” has caused problems for women in its various dimensions. In the area of financial relationships, the desire for independence and personal purpose shows a clear shift in thinking from traditional ideas.

In areas related to social customs (e.g., marital commitment), family traditions (e.g., Iranian family-centered culture), and legal challenges (e.g., divorce and custody), the reproduction of gender stereotypes and compromises is more pronounced. Regarding critical relationships related to the occurrence of deadlocks in relationships, betrayal (or suspicion of betrayal) and violence (psychological, verbal, and physical) were very common, and (as with sexual relationships) the anonymity of users plays an important role in expressing them.

Anthropology of art is an anthropological approach that studies art in the context of the society that produces it, and believes that it is possible to study the art of a particular society more in relation to its place in that society and to understand it somewhere. Which is produced, differs from the understanding of members of another community. In this study, an attempt was made to study the qualitative dimension of carpet weaving, which is called "Hali" in Turkmen, in the village of Doydokh, and to perform qualitative analyzes. Research data were collected through interviews, observation and review of library and electronic documents. The main question of art, especially carpet (silk weaving), what role does it play in the economic, social and cultural interactions of Doydokh village? What is the role of the artist in this regard? The results show that the carpet, while competing, causes the cohesion and unity of people in society and is a kind of link between them. Art and artist in this society are equivalent to work (Ish) and worker (Ishli / Ishchi). The artist has a social, economic and cultural status, skills in the type of texture, texture quality and raw materials have made this product different in Iran and the world, and this has encouraged the artist to try to maintain this distinction. In addition to being the main source of income for the villagers, the carpet is one of the most important factors in preserving and transmitting ethnic and historical identities. Of course, in recent years, there have been changes and developments in the type of carpet designs and it has often been influenced by the tastes of buyers. Nevertheless, the artist of the village of Doydokh creates economic, social and cultural prosperity by creating a special artistic object.

One of popular and well-known discussions in literature of new sociology is the groups of approaches that are known and presented as “More-than-human”. These approaches are included from many theories and attitudes, from classic sociology of Gabriel Tarde, and his theory as Monadology, and Deleuze and Guattari, related to Assemblage and relation and connection of everything in society, to some approaches as “New Materialism” or “Vital Materialism”, which were explained by Harway, Barad, Braidotti, Benet, and finally, some approaches of Science and Technology, particularly Actor-Network theory, which its most well-known character is Bruno Latour, thye are all considered as approaches of more-than-human sociology. What made all of these approaches close to each other is avoiding of considering agency just for human, and their desire toward expressing the heterogeneous agencies. They try not to limit agencies of society to only human and also they all avoid the dualities as subject-object and human-nature. What does really mean agencies and heterogeneous agencies in these approaches? This article after analysis of the most important theories of these approaches, at last by presenting a conceptual model, tried to answer this question and clear the meaning of this concept and the identity of that.

The main purpose of this research is to determine the impact of women's political empowerment in their environmental behaviors. The study adopted a quantitative design and used the descriptive correlational survey to collect data. The instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire. A total of 200 Kermanshahi women were chosen as the sample using a multi-stage cluster random sampling. To analyze the data, SPSS and AMOS software were used. The findings demonstrated a statistically significant relationship between empowerment of women and their choice, but the relationship between women empowerment and their agency as well as participation was insignificant. In general, a significant relationship was found between women's empowerment and their environmental behaviors. The analysis of contextual variables further revealed that the respondents' age group, educational levels, and income status affect the degree of women's environmental behaviors. The interaction between these variables demonstrates that women who have more civil liberties (choice), education, and income will play a more successful role in environmental preservation. It may be suggested that women's political empowerment leads to making decisions that benefit particular social needs/concerns, and that these decisions would lead to stringent policies to improve the situation and protect the environment, promoting sustainable development.

Trauma research and detoxification, especially in the social sphere, are the most important stages of social research and public culture management. Although extensive research on pathology in the last three decades has focused on "describing" and "explaining" social injuries, little research has been done on "managing" and "controlling" social injuries and modifying social behaviors. The main issue of the present article is what scientific or practical considerations or prerequisites should be considered for trauma research and social injury reduction? In answer to this question, we have reached four considerations in the field of trauma research and three considerations in the field of detoxification through analytical methods. Paying attention to "the multifactorial nature of social injuries", "not being satisfied with internal solutions", paying attention to "pathology difficulty" as the last stage of social research And "creating public demand and social reform discourse" have been considered as four important scientific considerations in the field of trauma research and attention to "difficulty of elimination" and change of behavioral habits, attention to "gradual change of behavior" and the necessity of jihadi work and Uninterrupted and "unauthorized delay" in detoxification are discussed in this paper as three important practical considerations in detoxification.

Studies in the field of religion and women consider the emancipation of women from the structure of patriarchy and the challenge of the beliefs and interpretations of traditional Islam to belong to the upper class and elite of society. In this study, this question arises whether traditional pious women of the lower classes also have the ability to re-interpret religion in their everyday lives? How do these women, without knowing the sources of religious intellectualism, re-interpret traditional religion and practically apply it in their lives? For this study, in-depth semi-structured interviews with traditional pious women in Ankara and Tehran were used. The results of this study show that women have not only used religion as a tool to expand their empowerment opportunities, but they have challenged traditional Islam and the interpretations that has tried to suppress them with the help of patriarchy for long years. They have inadvertently opened the space for the entry of religious intellectualism thoughts into their practical everyday life. Indirect opposition to the laws that have a jurisprudential basis has caused: firstly, women to go beyond the stage of resistance, and secondly, this opposition as intangible struggles has been able to change aspects of their lives, and eventually it shows a more concrete view of Islam's equality towards women.

The concept of agency has been tied to the upper middle classes in most studies. In contrast, the concept of submission and obedience is more commonly used for the lower middle classes. By exploring the lives of the lower-middle-class traditional-religious Muslim Women in the Middle East, with an emphasis on women in Ankara and Tehran, this article seeks to show the opposite aspects of current theories. Using a qualitative method, thematic analysis, and cognitive and semi-structured interviews with 50 women in Tehran and Ankara, this study was able to show there is insufficient knowledge about the meanings of women’s agency for women living in conservative non-western regions, especially the Middle East. The result also showed that the progress of agency for religious-traditional women in their everyday life may be quiet, hiden and slow. However, these women have been able to demonstrate their agency with low education and low economy. Not only often did these women think and act according to social, cultural, traditional, and religious expectations as an obedient, passive, and submissive personality, but also they sought ways for a redistribution of their facilities and opportunities to gain internal independence while they were conscious of what was going on in their current situation